w4 08 MPLS Config

Basic MPLS Configuration
“DATA NETWORK” FOR JTOs PH-II : MPLS_Configuration
Basic MPLS Configuration

In the first chapter, you were introduced to the MPLS forwarding model in which
labels are used to forward packets for a certain destination network. You were also
provided details on frame- and cell-mode MPLS operation.
In this chapter, the following topics are covered:
• Frame-mode MPLS configuration and verification
- Basic frame-mode MPLS configuration and verification
- Frame-mode MPLS over RFC 2684 (obsoletes RFC 1483) routed PVC
• Cell-mode MPLS over ATM configuration and verification
- Basic cell-mode MPLS configuration and verification
- Configuring cell-mode MPLS with and without virtual circuit merge (VC-
merge)
- MPLS over VP tunnels configuration and verification
- Configuring MPLS over ATM using BPX ATM switch and 7200 as label
switch controller (LSC)
Frame-Mode MPLS Configuration and Verification
In frame mode, MPLS uses a 32-bit label that is inserted between the Layer 2 and
Layer 3 headers. Layer 2 encapsulations like HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, and Ethernet
are frame-based except for ATM, which can operate either in frame mode or cell
mode.
Basic Frame-Mode MPLS Overview, Configuration, and Verification
Figure 2-1 shows a frame-based MPLS provider network providing MPLS services to
sites belonging to Customer A. The frame-based provider's network consists of routers
R1, R2, R3, and R4. R1 and R4 function as Edge Label Switch Routers (LSRs) while
R2 and R3 serve as LSRs.
BRBRAITT Nov-2006 2
Figure 2-1. Frame-Mode MPLS Provider Network
[View full size image]
Figure 2-2 illustrates the configuration flowchart to implement frame-mode MPLS on

the provider network shown in Figure 2-1. The configuration flowchart assumes that
IP addresses are preconfigured where required.
Figure 2-2. Frame-Mode MPLS Configuration Flowchart
BRBRAITT Nov-2006 3
Basic Frame-Mode MPLS Configuration Steps
The steps to configure frame-mode MPLS are based on the configuration flowchart
outlined in Figure 2-2. Ensure that IP addresses are configured prior to following
these steps:
Step 1. Enable CEF—CEF is an essential component for label switching and is

responsible for imposition and disposition of labels in an MPLS network.
Configure CEF globally on routers R1, R2, R3, and R4 by issuing the ip cef
[distributed] command. Ensure that CEF is not disabled on the interface. If
disabled, enable CEF on the interface by issuing ip route-cache cef in
interface mode. Use the distributed keyword in the global configuration
mode for Cisco platform capable of distributed CEF switching. Example 2-
1 highlights the configuration to enable CEF on R2. Similarly enable CEF
on R1, R3, and R4.
Example 2-1. Enable CEF
R2(config)#ip cef distributed
R2(config)#do show running-config interface s0/0 |

include cef
no ip route-cache cef
R2(config)#interface s0/0
R2(config-if)#ip route-cache cef
Step 2. Configure IGP routing protocol—Configure the IGP routing protocol; in

this case, OSPF. Enable the interfaces on R1, R2, R3, and R4 that are part
of the provider network in OSPF using network ip-address wild-card-mask
area area-id command under the OSPF routing process. Example 2-2
highlights the OSPF configuration on R2. Similarly configure OSPF on R1,
R3, and R4.
Example 2-2. Configure IGP Routing Protocol on R2
R2(config)#router ospf 100
R2(config)#network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Enabling the label distribution protocol is an optional step. TDP is

deprecated, and by default, LDP is the label distribution protocol. The
command mpls label protocol {ldp | tdp} is configured only if LDP is not
the default label distribution protocol or if you are reverting from LDP to
TDP protocol or vice versa. The command can be configured in the global
as well as in the interface configuration mode. The interface configuration
BRBRAITT Nov-2006 4
command will, however, override the global configuration.
Step 3. Assign LDP router ID—LDP uses the highest IP address on a loopback
interface as the LDP router ID. If there is no loopback address defined, the
highest IP address on the router becomes the LDP router ID. To force an
interface to be an LDP router ID, mpls ldp router-id interface-type
number command can be used. The loopback interface address is
recommended because it always remains up. Configure the loopback 0
interface on the R2 router to be the LDP router ID as shown in Example 2-
3. Repeat the configuration on R1, R3, and R4, assigning the local
loopback interface as LDP router-id.
Example 2-3. Assign LDP Router ID
R2(config)#mpls ldp router-id loopback 0
Step 4. Enable IPv4 MPLS or label forwarding on the interface—Example 2-4

demonstrates the step to enable MPLS forwarding on the interface.
Example 2-4. Enable MPLS Forwarding
R2(config)#interface serial 0/0
R2(config-if)#mpls ip
R2(config)#interface serial 0/1
R2(config-if)#mpls ip
Verification of Basic Frame-Mode MPLS Operation
The steps to verify the frame-mode MPLS operation are as follows. All verification
steps were performed on Router R2. Outputs of the commands have been truncated
for brevity, and only pertinent lines are depicted:
Step 1. Example 2-5 verifies whether CEF is globally enabled or disabled on the router by issuing the sh
cef command. As shown in Example 2-5, CEF is disabled on R2. Example 2-5 shows if CEF is e
on the router interfaces.
Example 2-5. CEF Verification
R2#show ip cef
%CEF not running
Prefix Next Hop Interface
_________________________________________________________________
BRBRAITT Nov-2006 5
R2#show cef interface serial 0/0
Serial0/0 is up (if_number 5)
(Output truncated)
IP CEF switching enabled
IP CEF Fast switching turbo vector
(Output Truncated)
_________________________________________________________________
R2#show cef interface serial 0/1
Serial0/1 is up (if_number 6)
(Output Truncated)
IP CEF Fast switching turbo vector
Step 2. Verify MPLS forwarding is enabled on the interfaces by issuing the show mpls interfaces com
Example 2-6 shows that MPLS is enabled on the serial interfaces. The IP column depicts Yes if I
switching is enabled on the interface. The Tunnel column is Yes if LSP tunnel labeling (discusse
in Chapter 9, "MPLS Traffic Engineering") is enabled on the interface, and the Operational col
Yes if packets are labeled on the interface.
Example 2-6. MPLS Forwarding Verification
R2#show mpls interfaces
Interface IP Tunnel Operational
Serial0/0 Yes (ldp) No Yes
Serial0/1 Yes (ldp) No Yes
Step 3. Verify the status of the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) discovery process by issuing show mp
discovery. This command displays neighbor discovery information for LDP and shows the inte
over which the LDP discovery process is running. Example 2-7 shows that R2 has discovered tw
neighbors, 10.10.10.101 (R1) and 10.10.10.103 (R3). The xmit/recv field indicates that the inter
transmitting and receiving LDP discovery Hello packets.
Example 2-7. LDP Discovery Verification
R2#show mpls ldp discovery
BRBRAITT Nov-2006 6
Local LDP Identifier:
10.10.10.102:0
Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
Serial0/0 (ldp): xmit/recv
LDP Id: 10.10.10.101:0
Serial0/1 (ldp): xmit/recv
LDP Id: 10.10.10.103:0
Step 4. Issue show mpls ldp neighbor to verify the status of the LDP neighbor sessions. Example 2-8
that the LDP session between R2 and R1 (10.10.10.101), as well as between R2 and R3 (10.10.10
is operational. Downstream indicates that the downstream method of label distribution is being us
this LDP session in which the LSR advertises all of its locally assigned (incoming) labels to it
peer (subject to any configured access list restrictions).
Example 2-8. LDP Neighbor Verification
R2#show mpls ldp neighbor
Peer LDP Ident: 10.10.10.101:0; Local LDP Ident 10.10.10.102:
TCP connection: 10.10.10.101.646 - 10.10.10.102.11012
State: Oper; PIEs sent/rcvd: 26611/26601; Downstream
Up time: 2w2d
LDP discovery sources:
Serial0/0, Src IP addr: 10.10.10.1
Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident:
10.10.10.101 10.10.10.1
Peer LDP Ident: 10.10.10.103:0; Local LDP Ident 10.10.10.102:
TCP connection: 10.10.10.103.11002 - 10.10.10.102.646
State: Oper; Msgs sent/rcvd: 2374/2374; Downstream
Up time: 1d10h
BRBRAITT Nov-2006 7
Serial0/1, Src IP addr: 10.10.10.6
Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident:
10.10.10.6 10.10.10.103 10.10.10.9
Control and Data Plane Forwarding in Basic Frame-Mode MPLS
Figure 2-3 shows the control and data plane forwarding operation in frame-mode
MPLS.
Figure 2-3. Frame-Mode MPLS Control and Data Plane Operation
Control Plane Operation in Basic Frame-Mode MPLS
Figure 2-3 shows the control plane operation for prefix 10.10.10.101/32 from R1 to
R4. The following steps are performed in the label propagation process for prefix
10.10.10.101/32:
Step 1. Example 2-9 shows that R1 sends an implicit null or the POP label to R2. A
value of 3 represents the implicit-null label. R1 propagates the implicit-null
label to its penultimate Router R2, which performs the POP function in the
data forwarding from R4 to 10.10.10.101/32. If R1 propagates an explicit-
null label, the upstream LSR R2 does not POP the label but assigns a label
value of 0 and sends a labeled packet to R2.
Example 2-9. MPLS Label Bindings on R1
R1#show mpls ldp bindings
<output truncated>
BRBRAITT Nov-2006 8
tib entry: 10.10.10.101/32, rev 4
local binding: tag: imp-null
remote binding: tsr: 10.10.10.102:0, tag:

16
Step 2. Example 2-10 shows R2 assigning an LSP label 16 to 10.10.10.101/32.

This label value is propagated to R3. This label value is imposed by R3 in
the data forwarding path (for example, a packet originating from R4 to
prefix 10.10.10.101/32 on R1).
Example 2-10. Label Allocation and Distribution Verification on

R2
R2#show mpls forwarding-table
Local Outgoing Prefix Bytes tag

Outgoing Next Hop
tag tag or VC or Tunnel Id switched

interface
16 Pop tag 10.10.10.101/32 0

Se0/0 point2point
17 Pop tag 10.10.10.8/30 0

Se1/0 point2point
18 Pop tag 10.10.10.103/32 0

Se1/0 point2point
19 19 10.10.10.104/32 0
Se1/0 point2point
Step 3. Example 2-11 shows that on R3, prefix 10.10.10.101/32 has been assigned
a local label of 17 and an outgoing label of 16. The outgoing label is
received from the Router R2. The local label of 17 has been propagated
during label distribution to Router R4. Label 17 is used by R4 in the data
forwarding path for data destined to prefix 10.10.10.101/32 located on R1
from R4.
Example 2-11. Label Allocation and Distribution Verification on

R3
Local Outgoing Prefix Bytes tag

Outgoing Next Hop
BRBRAITT Nov-2006 9
tag tag or VC or Tunnel Id switched

interface
16 Pop tag 10.10.10.0/30 0

Se0/0 point2point
17 16 10.10.10.101/32 0
Se0/0 point2point
18 Pop tag 10.10.10.102/32 0

Se0/0 point2point
19 Pop tag 10.10.10.104/32 0

Se1/0 point2point
Data Forwarding Operation in Basic Frame-Mode MPLS
The following steps are performed in the data forwarding path from R4 to prefix
10.10.10.101/32:
1. As shown in Figure 2-3, R4 imposes label 17 on the data packet originating from
R4 destined to 10.10.10.101/32.
2. R3 does an LFIB lookup and swaps label 17 for 16 and forwards that data packet
to R2.
3. R2 receives the data packet from R3, does a penultimate hop pop function,
removes label 16, and forwards the data packet to R1.
Final Device Configurations for Basic Frame-Mode MPLS
The pertinent configurations for the devices in the frame-mode MPLS domain are
shown in Examples 2-12 through Example 2-15.
Example 2-12. R1 Configuration
hostname R1
ip cef
mpls ldp router-id Loopback0
BRBRAITT Nov-2006 10
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.101 255.255.255.255
interface Serial1/0
description Connection to R2
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 100
network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
hostname R2
ip cef
mpls ldp router-id Loopback0
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.102 255.255.255.255
interface Serial0/0
ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252
mpls label protocol ldp
mpls ip
interface Serial0/1
ip address 10.10.10.5 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 100
network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
hostname R3
ip cef
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.103 255.255.255.255
interface Serial0/0
description connection to R4
ip address 10.10.10.9 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
interface Serial0/1
ip address 10.10.10.6 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 100
network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
hostname R4
ip cef
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.104 255.255.255.255
interface Serial1/0
Description connection to R3
ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 100
network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Frame-Mode MPLS over RFC 2684 Routed PVC
Frame-mode MPLS can be implemented over RFC 2684 (previously RFC 1483)
routed PVCs. When using PVCs, RFC 2684 specifies the following methods of
encapsulation to carry traffic over ATM AAL5:
• VC multiplexing— A virtual circuit-based multiplexing method in which

each VC carries one protocol. The user, therefore, defines one PVC per
protocol.
• LLC/SNAP encapsulation— This method multiplexes multiple protocols
over a single ATM virtual circuit.
Figure 2-4 shows the network topology for RFC 2684 routed.
Figure 2-4. Topology: Frame-Mode MPLS Over RFC 2684 Routed PVCs
Figure 2-5 illustrates the flowchart to configure frame-mode MPLS on the provider
network devices shown in Figure 2-4. The configuration flowchart assumes that IP
addresses are pre-configured where needed.
Figure 2-5. Frame-Mode MPLS Configuration Flowchart
Figure 2-6 shows the flowchart for configuring the ATM PVC route on the LS1010
ATM switch.
Figure 2-6. Configuration Flowchart for LS1010 ATM Switch
Configuration Steps for Frame-Mode MPLS Over RFC 2684 Routed PVC
The steps to configure RFC 2684 bridged encapsulation over MPLS on R1 and R2 are
as follows. Ensure that IP addresses are preconfigured on R1 and R2, as illustrated in
Figure 2-4:
Step 1. Follow the steps shown in the "Basic Frame-Mode MPLS Configuration Steps" section. These ste
the same for frame-mode MPLS over RFC 2684 routed PVC. Follow those steps to configure
mode MPLS on R1 and R2:
Step 1. —Enable CEF
Step 2. —Enable IGP routing protocol
Step 3. —Assign LDP router ID
Step 2. Enable IPv4 MPLS or label forwarding on the interface—Configure the ATM PVCs 2/200 o
of the appropriate subinterfaces on R1 and R2. The encapsulation used on the PVC is ATM aal
Example 2-16 highlights the steps to configure ATM PVC.
Example 2-16. Configure PVCs on R1 and R2
R1(config)#interface ATM2/0.2 point-to-point
R1(config-subif)# pvc 2/200
R1(config-if-atm-vc)# encapsulation aal5snap
R1(config-if-atm-vc)# mpls ip
_________________________________________________________________
R2(config)#interface ATM2/0.2 point-to-point
R2(config-subif)#pvc 2/200
R2(config-if-atm-vc)#encapsulation aal5snap
R2(config-if-atm-vc)# mpls ip
Configuration of the LS1010 ATM Switch
Configure the core ATM switches A1 and A2 to perform VC mapping from one
interface to another. The PVC is a permanent logical connection that you must
configure manually, from source to destination, through the ATM network. After it is
configured, the ATM network maintains the connection at all times. The configuration
of an ingress PVC/interface mapped to an egress PVC/interface needs to be performed
only on one of the ingress or egress interfaces. Therefore, on ATM switch A1, the
configuration is performed on interface ATM1/0/1 mapping PVC 2/200 to interface
ATM1/0/0 PVC 2/200. The same process is repeated on ATM switch A2, shown in
Example 2-17.
Example 2-17. Configure PVC Mapping on A1 and A2
A1(config-if)#interface ATM1/0/1
A1(config-if)# description Connection to A2
A1(config-if)# atm pvc 2 200 interface ATM1/0/0 2 200
_________________________________________________________
____________
A2(config-if)#interface ATM1/0/1
A2(config-if)# description connection to A1
A2(config-if)# atm pvc 2 200 interface ATM1/0/0 2 200
Verification Steps for Frame-Mode MPLS Over RFC 2684 Routed PVC
The steps to verify frame-mode MPLS over RFC 2684 (previously RFC 1483) routed
PVC are as follows:
Step 1. Verify the operation of MPLS over RFC 2684 by performing a view of the MPLS forw
information base (LFIB), as shown in Example 2-18.
Example 2-18. Verification of LFIB
Local Outgoing Prefix Bytes tag Outgoing Next Hop
tag tag or VC or Tunnel Id switched interface
36 Pop tag 10.10.10.104/32 0 AT2/0.2 point2poi
R1#
_________________________________________________________________
Step 2. As shown in Example 2-19, verify connectivity by issuing pings.
Example 2-19. Verify Connectivity
R1#ping 10.10.10.104
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.101, timeout is 2 seco
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4
R4#
R2#ping 10.10.10.101
!!!!!
R4#
Final Device Configuration for Frame-Mode MPLS Over RFC 2684

Routed PVC
The final device configuration for R1, A1, A2, and R2 is shown in Example 2-20
through Example 2-23.
Example 2-20. Configuration of R1
hostname R1
ip cef
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.101 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.10.20.193 255.255.255.252
interface ATM2/0
no ip address
interface ATM2/0.2 point-to-point
description connection to A1
ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
pvc 2/200
encapsulation aal5snap
router ospf 100
network 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Example 2-21. A1 Configuration
hostname A1
interface ATM1/0/0
interface ATM1/0/1
atm pvc 2 200 interface ATM1/0/0 2 200
hostname A2
interface ATM1/0/0
interface ATM1/0/1
atm pvc 2 200 interface ATM1/0/0 2 200
hostname R2
ip cef
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.104 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.10.20.129 255.255.255.252
interface ATM2/0
interface ATM2/0.2 point-to-point
ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
pvc 2/200
encapsulation aal5snap
router ospf 100
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Cell-Mode MPLS over ATM Overview, Configuration, and Verification
This section introduces you to cell-mode MPLS over ATM configuration. In MPLS
over ATM networks, routers are connected to ATM-based provider networks
consisting of ATM switches that forward data based on virtual circuits (VCs)
provisioned on the ATM switches. Cell-mode MPLS uses the virtual path
identifier/virtual channel identifier (VPI/VCI) fields in the ATM header as the label
value.
ATM VCs exist locally (on a link between two adjacent ATM switches or two CPEs)
and have two identifiers: VPI and VCI. These two identifiers are often referred to as a
VPI/VCI pair. VPI and VCI numbers are part of ATM cell headers, and they are,
therefore, carried in each ATM cell. Because there are two identifiers, you can have
two different types of ATM connections: virtual path and virtual channel. This
hierarchy allows aggregation of the number of virtual channels into a single pipe
(virtual path) between sites that need a large number of VCs.
The ATM switch is responsible for switching ATM cells on both the VC and VP.
When the ATM switch is configured to switch cells on a VC, it has to look at both VPI
and VCI fields of the cell in order to make a switching decision. Switching is done
based on a table containing (port, VPI, VCI) tuplets for the input and output side of
the VC. On Cisco IOS ATM switches, you can see this table with the show atm vc
command. You can also configure the ATM switch to switch cells based only on the
port and VPI number; this is called VP switching. For VP switching, the ATM switch
uses a table consisting of (port, VPI) pairs for input and output. You can see this table
on Cisco IOS ATM switches with the show atm vp command. When VP switching,
the ATM switch uses only the VPI field of each ATM cell to make a switching
decision, which reduces processing time. The same holds true for cell header rewrites.
In VC switching, both VPI and VCI fields of the cell header are rewritten and possibly
changed. However, in VP switching, only VPI fields can be changed, and the VCI
field remains the same end-to-end.
Basic Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration and Verification
Figure 2-7 shows a basic cell-mode MPLS network in which R1 and R2 perform the
ATM Edge LSR function while LS1010 ATM switches A1 and A2 serve as the ATM
LSR.
Figure 2-7. Cell-Mode MPLS Network
Basic Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration Flowchart for Edge LSRs
Figure 2-8 shows the configuration flowchart to set up basic cell-mode configuration
on the Edge LSR R1 and R2.
Figure 2-8. Basic Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration Flowchart for Edge

ATM LSR
Basic Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration Flowchart for LSRs
Figure 2-9 shows the configuration flowchart for LSR A1 and A2.
Figure 2-9. Basic Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration Flowchart for ATM LSR
Basic Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration Steps
The configurations for basic cell-mode MPLS are based on the configuration
flowcharts outlined in Figure 2-8 and Figure 2-9. The functions of the Edge ATM
LSRs are performed by routers R1 and R2, and the ATM switches A1 and A2 function
as ATM LSRs in the cell-mode MPLS domain.
Configuration Steps for Edge ATM LSR
This section outlines the steps in the configuration of the Edge ATM LSR R1 for ATM
or cell-mode MPLS. Ensure that loopback and interface IP addresses are
preconfigured before following the steps:
Step 1. Enable CEF—As shown in Example 2-24, enable CEF globally. Repeat the same steps on R2.
Example 2-24. Enable CEF
R1(config)#ip cef
Step 2. Configure the IGP routing protocol—As shown in Example 2-25, configure OSPF as the IGP r
protocol. Repeat the steps on R2.
Example 2-25. Configure IGP for IP Reachability
R1(config-router)#network 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Step 3. Configure MPLS forwarding on the interface—Create an MPLS subinterface on the ATM link
connected ATM switch. Enable MPLS forwarding on the ATM subinterface. Example
demonstrates this step.
R1(config)#interface atm2/0.1 mpls
R1(config-subif)#description Connection to A1
R1(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-subif)#mpls ip
_________________________________________________________________
R2(config)#interface atm2/0.1 mpls
R2(config-subif)#description Connection to A2
R2(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.20.10 255.255.255.252
Configuration Steps for ATM LSR
This section demonstrates the steps to configure ATM switches A1 and A2. It is
assumed that CEF is enabled on the switches and IP addresses are configured on the
appropriate interfaces.
Step 1. Configure OSPF as the IGP routing protocol—Example 2-27

summarizes the step to configure OSPF on A1. Repeat the step on A2.
Example 2-27. Configure IGP for IP Connectivity
A1(config)#router ospf 100
A1(config-router)#network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255

area 0
Step 2. Enable MPLS forwarding on the interface—Enable MPLS forwarding
on the ATM physical interfaces, as shown in Example 2-28.
A1(config)#interface atm1/0/0
A1(config-if)#mpls ip
A1(config)#interface atm 1/0/1
A1(config-if)#mpls ip
Note that no configuration has been made on the MPLS ATM subinterfaces on the
Edge ATM LSRs or LSRs with regards to the control-vc using the mpls atm control-
vc command. This implies that all the control plane information is propagated and
exchanged using the default control VC VPI/VCI values of 0/32. However, the user
can change the control-vc associated on an interface in a cell-mode MPLS network.
Changes made to the VPI/VCI values associated to the control-vc on an LSR interface
must also be made on the connected LSR's interface to enable proper exchange of
control plane information.
Verification of Basic Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration
The following steps outline the verification process for cell-mode MPLS operation.
All verifications outlined were performed on Edge ATM LSR R1 and ATM LSR A1:
Step 1. Verify CEF is enabled on the router interfaces on Edge LSR R1, as shown in Example 2-29.
Example 2-29. Verify CEF Is Enabled on the Interfaces
R1#show cef interface atm2/0
ATM2/0 is up (if_number 12)
<truncated>
IP Feature Fast switching turbo vector
IP Feature CEF switching turbo vector
Step 2. As shown in Example 2-30, verify that MPLS forwarding is enabled on the appropriate interfaces
and A1.
Example 2-30. Verify MPLS Forwarding
R1#show mpls interfaces
ATM2/0.1 Yes No Yes (ATM tagging)
_________________________________________________________________
A1#show mpls interfaces
ATM1/0/0 Yes No Yes (ATM tagging)
ATM1/0/1 Yes No Yes (ATM tagging)
Step 3. Verify the status of the LDP discovery process by issuing show mpls ldp discovery. This com
displays neighbor discovery information for LDP and shows the interfaces over which the
discovery process is running. Example 2-31 shows neighbor discovery information and inte
where LDP is running on R1 and A1. The xmit/recv field indicates that the interface is transmitti
receiving LDP discovery Hello packets.
Example 2-31. Verify MPLS LDP Discovery
R1#show mpls ldp discovery
10.10.10.101:0
LDP Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
ATM2/0.1: xmit/recv
LDP Id: 10.10.20.101:1; IP addr: 10.10.20.2
LDP Id: 10.10.20.102:2; IP addr: 10.10.20.6
_________________________________________________________________
A1#show mpls ldp discovery
10.10.20.101:0
LDP Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
ATM1/0/0: xmit/recv
LDP Id: 10.10.10.101:1; IP addr: 10.10.20.1
ATM1/0/1: xmit/recv
Step 4. Issue show mpls ldp neighbor to verify the status of LDP neighbor sessions. Example 2-32 show
the LDP session between R1 and A1 is operational. Downstream on demand on R1 indicat
downstream on demand method of label distribution is used for the LDP session between R1 and
which the LSR (R1) advertises its locally assigned (incoming) labels to its LDP peer, A1, only wh
requests them.
Example 2-32. LDP Distribution Protocol Neighbor Verification
R1#show mpls ldp neighbor
Peer LDP Ident: 10.10.20.101:1; Local LDP Ident 10.10.10.101:1
TCP connection: 10.10.20.2.38767 - 10.10.20.1.646
State: Oper; PIEs sent/rcvd: 371/366; ; Downstream on dem
Up time: 05:04:40
ATM2/0.1
_________________________________________________________________
A1#show mpls ldp neighbor
TCP connection: 10.10.20.6.11002 - 10.10.20.5.646
State: Oper; PIEs sent/rcvd: 28096/28083; ; Downstrea

demand
Up time: 2w3d
ATM1/0/1
TCP connection: 10.10.20.1.646 - 10.10.20.2.38767
Up time: 05:03:28
ATM1/0/0
Step 5. Verify OSPF routing table on R4, as shown in Example 2-33.
Example 2-33. Verify OSPF Routing
R1#show ip route ospf
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 2 masks
O 10.10.20.4/30 [110/2] via 10.10.20.2, 05:51:42, ATM2/0.1
O 10.10.20.8/30 [110/3] via 10.10.20.2, 05:51:42, ATM2/0.1
O 10.10.10.104/32 [110/4] via 10.10.20.2, 05:51:42, ATM2/0.
O 10.10.20.101/32 [110/2] via 10.10.20.2, 05:51:42, ATM2/0.
O 10.10.20.102/32 [110/3] via 10.10.20.2, 05:51:42, ATM2/0.
Step 6. Issue ping to 10.10.10.104 from R1 to ensure reachability, as displayed in Example 2-34.
Example 2-34. Verify Reachability
R1#ping 10.10.10.104
!!!!!
Control and Data Forwarding Operation in Basic Cell-Mode MPLS

Configuration
Figure 2-10 shows the control and data plane forwarding operation in cell-mode
MPLS.
Figure 2-10. Control and Data Plane Operation in Cell-Mode MPLS
Control Plane Operation in Basic Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration
The control plane operation shows the label propagation for prefix 10.10.10.101/32
from R1 to R4. The following steps are performed in the label propagation process for
prefix 10.10.10.101/32:
Step 1. Edge ATM LSR R4 requests a label for the 10.10.10.101/32 prefix using the LDP label mapping r
from its downstream neighbor, ATM LSR A2. A2 requests a label for the 10.10.10.101/32 prefix
the LDP label mapping request from its downstream neighbor, ATM LSR A1. A1 in turn requ
label for the 10.10.10.101/32 prefix using the LDP label mapping request from its down
neighbor, Edge ATM LSR R1. Edge ATM LSR R1 allocates a label to 10.10.10.101/32,
corresponds to its inbound VPI/VCI value 1/34, modifies the entry in the LFIB correspond
10.10.10.101/32, and sends it to A1 using an LDP reply. Example 2-35 shows the output of show
atm-ldp bindings.
Example 2-35. Label Allocation and Distribution Verification on R1
18 1/35 10.10.10.104/32 0 AT2/0.1 point2point
25 1/37 10.10.20.8/30 0 AT2/0.1 point2point
26 1/36 10.10.20.4/30 0 AT2/0.1 point2point
27 1/38 10.10.20.101/32 0 AT2/0.1 point2point
28 1/39 10.10.20.102/32 0 AT2/0.1 point2point
_________________________________________________________________
R1#show mpls atm-ldp bindings
Destination: 10.10.10.104/32
Headend Router ATM2/0.1 (3 hops) 1/35 Active, VCD=19
Destination: 10.10.20.4/30
Headend Router ATM2/0.1 (1 hop) 1/36 Active, VCD=13
Destination: 10.10.20.101/32
Destination: 10.10.20.102/32
Destination: 10.10.10.101/32
Tailend Router ATM2/0.1 1/34 Active, VCD=18
Step 2. A1 uses the VPI/VCI 1/34 received from R1 as its outbound VPI/VCI value, allocates a free VC
mapped to the local inbound VPI/VCI 1/45, and modifies the LFIB entry for 10.10.10.101/32. A
sends VPI/VCI value 1/45 to A2 via an LDP reply. Example 2-36 shows the output of show mpl
ldp bindings. ATM LSR A1 prefix 10.10.10.104/32 has been assigned a local tag of 1/35 a
outgoing tag of 1/43. The outgoing tag is received from the downstream ATM LSR A2. During
distribution, the local tag of 1/35 has been propagated upstream to Router R1, which functions
outgoing tag for the specific prefix 10.10.10.104/32 on R1.
Example 2-36. Label Allocation and Distribution Verification on A1
A1#show mpls atm-ldp bindings
Destination: 10.10.20.101/32
Tailend Switch ATM1/0/1 1/42 Active -> Terminating Active
Destination: 10.10.10.104/32
Transit ATM1/0/0 1/35 Active -> ATM1/0/1 1/43 Active
Destination: 10.10.20.102/32
Destination: 10.10.10.101/32
Step 3. A2 uses the VPI/VCI 1/45 received from A1 as its outbound VPI/VCI value, allocates a free VC
mapped to the local inbound VPI/VCI 1/44, and modifies the LFIB entry for 10.10.10.101/32. A
sends VPI/VCI value 1/44 to R2 via an LDP reply. Example 2-37 shows the output of show mpl
ldp bindings. As shown in Example 2-37, ATM LSR A2 prefix 10.10.10.104/32 has been assi
local tag of 1/43 and an outgoing tag of 1/35. The outgoing tag is received from the downstream
R4. The local tag of 1/43 is propagated upstream to ATM LSR A1 and functions as the next-hop
outgoing tag for prefix 10.10.10.104/32 on ATM LSR A1.
Example 2-37. Label Allocation and Distribution Verification on A2
A2#show mpls atm-ldp bindings
Destination: 10.10.20.101/32
Destination: 10.10.20.102/32
Destination: 10.10.10.104/32
Destination: 10.10.10.101/32
Step 4. Edge ATM LSR R2 uses VPI/VCI value 1/44 received from A2 as its outbound VPI/VCI valu
modifies the entry in the LFIB. Example 2-38 shows the output of show mpls atm-ldp bindin
shown in Example 2-38 on Edge ATM LSR R2, the mpls atm-ldp bindings show the local tag o
assigned to prefix 10.10.10.104/32. This local tag is propagated upstream to ATM LSR A
functions as the next-hop tag or outgoing tag for prefix 10.10.10.104/32 on A2.
Example 2-38. Label Allocation and Distribution Verification on R2
Local Outgoing Prefix Bytes tag Outgoing Next Ho
16 1/36 10.10.20.0/30 0 AT2/0.1 point2p
17 1/33 10.10.20.4/30 0 AT2/0.1 point2p
18 1/44 10.10.10.101/32 0 AT2/0.1 point2p
19 1/34 10.10.20.101/32 0 AT2/0.1 point2p
20 1/35 10.10.20.102/32 0 AT2/0.1 point2p
_________________________________________________________________
R2#show mpls atm-ldp bindings
Destination: 10.10.20.101/32
Destination: 10.10.20.102/32
Destination: 10.10.10.101/32
Destination: 10.10.10.104/32
Data Forwarding Operation in Basic Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration
The following steps are performed in the data forwarding path from R4 to prefix
10.10.10.101/32:
Step 1. R4 imposes label 1/44 on the AAL5 cell originating from R4 and destined
to 10.10.10.101/32.
Step 2. A2 does an LFIB lookup and swaps label 1/44 with 1/45 and forwards that
AAL5 cell to A1.
Step 3. A1 receives the data packet from A2, does an LFIB lookup, swaps label
1/45 with 1/34, and forwards that AAL5 cell to R1. Penultimate hop
popping is not supported on ATM devices because the label is part of the
ATM cell payload and cannot be removed by ATM switching hardware.
Therefore, A1, which is an ATM device, does not perform any penultimate
hop popping function.
Final Device Configurations for Basic Cell-Mode MPLS
Example 2-39 through Example 2-42 outline the pertinent configurations for all the
devices in the cell-mode MPLS domain.
hostname R1
ip cef
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.101 255.255.255.255
interface ATM2/0
interface ATM2/0.1 mpls
description Connection to A1
ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 100
network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
hostname A1
interface ATM1/0/0
ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
interface ATM1/0/1
ip address 10.10.20.5 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 100
network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
hostname A2
interface ATM1/0/0
ip address 10.10.20.9 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
interface ATM1/0/1
ip address 10.10.20.6 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 100
network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
hostname R2
ip cef
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.104 255.255.255.255
interface ATM2/0
ip address 10.10.20.10 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 100
network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Configuring Cell-Mode MPLS with VC-Merge
The VC-merge feature in cell-mode MPLS allows an ATM LSR to aggregate multiple
incoming flows with the same destination address into a single outgoing flow.
Therefore, when two Edge LSRs are sending packets to the same destination, the
ingress label mapping to the two Edge LSRs are mapped to a single outgoing label.
The number of VCs required for label switching is greatly reduced as the ATM switch
maintains just one outgoing VC label for each destination prefix. VC-merge reduces
the label space that needs to be maintained by sharing labels for flows toward the
same FEC or prefix.
Figure 2-11 shows a cell-mode MPLS network. This is the same as the network
shown in Figure 2-10 except the new Router R3 is added, which is connected to A1.
Edge LSRs R1 and R3 share the same label space for the same destination prefixes on
Edge ATM LSR R2.
Figure 2-11. Cell-Mode MPLS Topology for VC-Merge
Configuration Flowchart for Cell-Mode MPLS with VC-Merge
The configuration flowchart for Edge ATM LSR for cell-mode MPLS with VC-merge
remains the same as what was shown for basic cell-mode MPLS (refer to Figure 2-8).
The only difference in the basic cell-mode MPLS configuration block and cell-mode
MPLS with VC-merge for ATM LSR is the inclusion of the command shown in
Example 2-43.
Example 2-43. Enabling ATM VC-Merge
A1(config)#mpls ldp atm vc-merge
Depending upon the hardware, the ATM VC-merge capability is enabled by default;
otherwise, this feature is disabled. Please check Cisco Documentation at cisco.com.
Configuration Steps for Cell-Mode MPLS with VC-Merge on Edge ATM

LSR
The configuration steps for cell-mode MPLS with VC-merge on Edge ATM LSR are
the same as what was shown earlier in section "Configuration Steps for Edge ATM
LSR."
Configuration Steps for Cell-Mode MPLS with VC-Merge on ATM LSR
The configuration steps for cell-mode MPLS with VC-merge on ATM LSR are the
same as those shown in the section "Configuration Steps for ATM LSR," except that
A1 is enabled with the VC-merge command mpls ldp atm vc-merge.
Final Configuration for Devices in Cell-Mode MPLS with VC-Merge
The configurations for R1, R2, and A2 remain the same as what was shown in the
section "Final Device Configurations for Basic Cell-Mode MPLS." The
configurations for R3 and A1 are shown in Example 2-44 and Example 2-45. Note
that the configuration for A1 does not depict the mpls ldp atm vc-merge command,
which implies that the ATM LSR A1 supports VC-merge functionality by default.
Example 2-44. R3 Configuration (Truncated)
hostname R3
ip cef
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.105 255.255.255.255
interface ATM2/0
ip address 10.10.20.13 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 100
network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Example 2-45. A1 Configuration (Truncated)
hostname A1
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.20.101 255.255.255.255
interface ATM1/0/0
ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
interface ATM1/0/1
ip address 10.10.20.5 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
interface ATM1/0/2
ip address 10.10.20.14 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 100
network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Verification Steps for Cell-Mode MPLS with VC-Merge on ATM LSR
The following steps outline the verification procedure for cell-mode MPLS over ATM
implementation with VC-merge on the ATM LSRs:
Step 1. Verify if ATM VC-merge is enabled on the ATM LSR by issuing the show
mpls atm-ldp capability command on the ATM LSR. The output of this
command is shown in Example 2-46.
Example 2-46. ATM VC-Merge Capability
A1#show mpls atm-ldp capability
VPI VCI Alloc Odd/Even VC-Merge
ATM1/0/0 Range Range Scheme Scheme IN OUT
Negotiated [1 - 1] [33 - 16383] UNIDIR - -
Local [1 - 1] [33 - 16383] UNIDIR EN EN
Peer [1 - 1] [33 - 65530] UNIDIR - -
VPI VCI Alloc Odd/Even VC-Merge
ATM1/0/1 Range Range Scheme Scheme IN OUT
Negotiated [1 - 1] [33 - 16383] UNIDIR - -
Local [1 - 1] [33 - 16383] UNIDIR EN EN
Peer [1 - 1] [33 - 16383] UNIDIR
Step 2. When VC-merge is implemented on A1, destinations reachable by R1 and

R3 via A1 are provided the same next-hop labels. When a lookup of the
label bindings for prefixes on ATM LSR A1 is performed, the same
outgoing label is used for two different incoming labels from two different
flows that map to the same destination prefix. This is shown in Example 2-
47. The ATM LSR A1 maps two incoming labels, 1/35 and 1/34, from Edge
ATM LSRs R1 and R5, respectively, to the same outgoing label 1/43 for the
destination prefix 10.10.10.104/32 located on R1.
Example 2-47. A1 VC-Merge Verification
A1#show mpls atm-ldp bindings 10.10.10.104

255.255.255.255
Destination: 10.10.10.104/32
Transit ATM1/0/0 1/35 Active -> ATM1/0/1 1/43

Active
Transit ATM1/0/2 1/34 Active -> ATM1/0/1 1/43

Active
Configuring MPLS Over ATM Without VC-Merge
In MPLS over ATM without VC-merge, each path (with the same ingress router and
same Forwarding Equivalent Class [FEC]) consumes one label VC on each interface
along the path. This results in unnecessary exhaustion of the already scarce label
space.
The network topology remains the same as what was shown in the section
"Configuring Cell-Mode MPLS with VC-Merge." All configurations remain the same
except, as shown in Figure 2-11, where VC-merge is disabled on A1. Example 2-48
highlights the configuration to disable VC-merge.
Example 2-48. Disabling VC-Merge on A1
A1(config)#no mpls ldp atm vc-merge
Verify MPLS Over ATM Without VC-Merge
As shown in Example 2-49, when VC-merge is disabled on ATM LSR A1, flows to
the same destination are assigned different outgoing VC labels. show mpls atm-ldp
bindings on A1 shows two different outgoing labels, 1/33 and 1/36, are assigned to
the data flows from R3 and R1, respectively, to destination prefix 10.10.10.104/32.
Because VC-merge is not used, one VC is allocated per route as determined by the
prefix in the routing table.
Example 2-49. A1: Disabled VC-Merge Verification
A1#show mpls atm-ldp bindings 10.10.10.104

255.255.255.255
Destination: 10.10.10.104/32
MPLS Over VP Tunnels Configuration and Verification
A VP tunnel is a method of linking two private ATM networks across a public

network that does not support SVCs. The VP tunnel provides a permanent path
through the public network. VP tunnels are multiplexing/demultiplexing multiple VCs
from multiple interfaces, or from the same interface, to the VP tunnel interface. When
multiplexing, it changes the VPI field of VCs that goes through the VP to the same as
the VPI number on the VPs. VCI numbers, though, can be arbitrary. However, for
specific VCs, the VCI numbers on both VP tunnel interfaces (originating and
terminating) need to be the same. In this section, you configure VP tunnels on the
ATM switches to carry label information for MPLS over ATM VP tunnels. Figure 2-
12 shows an MPLS network using VP tunnels.
Figure 2-12. MPLS Over VP Tunnels Topology
Configuration Flowchart for MPLS over VP Tunnels on Edge ATM LSR
The basic configuration flowchart for MPLS over VP tunnel is the same as what was
shown in the section "Basic Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration and Verification" (refer
to Figure 2-8).
Configuration Flowchart for Creating an ATM PVP on ATM Switch
The configuration flowchart for creating an ATM PVP is shown in Figure 2-13.
Figure 2-13. Configuration Flowchart for MPLS Over VP Tunnel on ATM

LSR
Configuration Steps for MPLS over VP Tunnels
Ensure necessary IP addresses are configured prior to following these steps. The steps
to configure MPLS over VP tunnels are as follows:
Step 1. A VP connection is like a bundle of VCs, transporting all cells with a common VPI, rather
specific VPI and VCI. A PVP is a permanent VP (like PVC). Example 2-50 shows how to config
internal cross-connect (within the switch router) PVP on switch A1 between interface 1/0/0, V
and interface 1/0/1, VPI = 2, and switch A2 between interface 1/0/0, VPI = 2 and interface 1/0/1,
2.
Example 2-50. Configure VP Tunnels on ATM Switches
A1(config)#interface ATM1/0/1
A1(config-if)# description Connection to A2
A1(config-if)# no ip address
A1(config-if)# atm pvp 2 interface ATM1/0/0 2
_________________________________________________________________
A2(config)#interface ATM1/0/1
A2(config-if)# description connection to A1
A2(config-if)# no ip address
A2(config-if)# atm pvp 2 interface ATM1/0/0 2
Step 2. Configure the VP tunnel using mpls atm vp-tunnel vpi vc-range {start-of-vci-range-end-of-vci-r
under the MPLS ATM subinterface. Enable MPLS on the created subinterface, as shown in Exam
51.
Example 2-51. Configure VP Tunnel on ATM MPLS Subinterface
R1(config)#interface ATM2/0.1 mpls
R1(config-subif)# description Connection to A1
R1(config-subif)# ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-subif)# mpls atm vp-tunnel 2 vci-range 33-65535
_________________________________________________________________
R2(config)#interface ATM2/0.1 mpls
R2(config-subif)# description connection to A2
R2(config-subif)# ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-subif)# mpls atm vp-tunnel 2 vci-range 33-65535
Step 3. Configure IGP for IP connectivity across the VP tunnel on R1 and R2, as shown in Example 2-52.
Example 2-52. Configure IGP
R1(config-router)# network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Verification Steps for MPLS over VP Tunnels
The steps to verify MPLS over VP tunnels are as follows:
Step 1. Verify operation of PVP on the ATM switches, as shown in Example 2-53.
Example 2-53. Verify PVP Status
A1#show atm vp
Interface VPI Type X-Interface X-VPI Status
ATM1/0/0 2 PVP ATM1/0/1 2 UP
ATM1/0/1 2 PVP ATM1/0/0 2 UP
_________________________________________________________________
A2#show atm vp
Interface VPI Type X-Interface X-VPI Status
ATM1/0/0 2 PVP ATM1/0/1 2 UP
ATM1/0/1 2 PVP ATM1/0/0 2 UP
Step 2. Verify OSPF routes on R1 by issuing show ip route ospf. Example 2-54 shows the networks re
on R1 from R2.
Example 2-54. Verify OSPF Routes
R1#show ip route ospf
O 10.10.20.2/32 [110/1] via 10.10.20.2, 00:12:25, ATM2/0.1
O 10.10.10.104/32 [110/2] via 10.10.20.2, 00:12:25, ATM2/0.
O 10.10.20.128/30 [110/11] via 10.10.20.2, 00:12:25, ATM2/0
Step 3. Verify connectivity across the VP tunnel using the ping command, as shown in Example 2-55.
Example 2-55. Verify Connectivity Using Ping
R1#ping ip 10.10.20.129 source 10.10.20.193
Packet sent with a source address of 10.10.20.193
!!!!!
Final Device Configurations for MPLS over VP Tunnels
The final device configuration for R1, A1, A2, and R2 is shown in Example 2-56
through Example 2-59.
hostname R1
ip cef
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.101 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.10.20.193 255.255.255.252
interface ATM2/0
ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
mpls atm vp-tunnel 2 vci-range 33-65535
router ospf 100
network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
hostname A1
interface ATM1/0/0
interface ATM1/0/1
atm pvp 2 interface ATM1/0/0 2
hostname A2
interface ATM1/0/0
interface ATM1/0/1
atm pvp 2 interface ATM1/0/0 2
hostname R2
ip cef
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.104 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.10.20.129 255.255.255.252
interface ATM2/0
ip address 10.10.20.10 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
mpls atm vp-tunnel 2 vci-range 33-65535
router ospf 100
network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Implementing Cell-Mode MPLS with BPX8600 and 7200 as Label Switch

Controller
Cell-mode MPLS can also be implemented by separating the control and data plane
functions of an ATM LSR. The control plane function is performed by a device called
the LSC or label switch controller, and the data plane function can be performed by an
ATM switch such as the BPX8600 Series ATM switches. In the BPX with LSC
design, the LSC is connected to the BPX ATM switch by trunks that can carry PVCs,
SVCs, or MPLS Label VCs (LVCs). The control software is physically located in the
LSC that is connected to the ATM switch by a physical connection also called the
virtual switch interface (VSI) control link. The VSI control link could be an STM-1
link connected to a single port of a broadband switching module (BXM) linecard on
the BPX8600. This is shown in Figure 2-14.
Figure 2-14. BPX with LSC as LSR
In Figure 2-14, the functions control plane is implemented using a BPX+LSC. The
figure outlines a connection from each of the Edge ATM LSRs to the LSC connected
to the BPX switch using LVCs. These signaling LVCs are maintained per LSR that the
BPX+LSC is connected to. In addition, VSI control links are maintained per card on
the BPX.
From a data plane perspective, data label VCs bypass the LSC and are switched using
the BPX ports. Therefore, in the data plane, the traffic via the ATM label switch router
traverses only the BPX ATM switch and not the LSC.
The signaling label VCs are on VPI/VCI values of 0/32 by default and will be cross-
connected to a different VCI on the switch control link between the BPX and LSC.
One key thing to note is that the LSC functions as the VSI master and the BPX
functions as the VSI slave.
Configuring BPX+LSC as ATM LSR
This section deals with the configuration of a BPX+LSC as an ATM LSR to

implement cell-mode MPLS. The topology used to implement this configuration is
shown in Figure 2-15.
Figure 2-15. BPX and LSC as ATM LSR: Topology
Figure 2-15 shows the physical connections for this section in which two Edge ATM
LSRs are connected to a BPX 8600 switch. The LSC (7200 router) is also connected
on the same switch. The numbers 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 in Figure 2-15 pertain to slot.port
on the BPX 8600 switch. The only IP addresses shown in this figure are those of the
loopbacks on the LSR and ELSRs. Figure 2-16 shows the Edge ATM LSRs connected
to the LSC in the control plane using the VSI control VCs as well as the signaling
LVCs that originate from an mpls subinterface on the Edge ATM LSR and terminate
on an XtagATM interface on the LSC. The XtagATM interface controls the trunks on
the BPX that are connected to other LSRs.
Figure 2-16. BPX and LSC as ATM LSR: Control Plane
Configuring the BPX
The steps to configure the BPX are as follows:
Step 1. Verify the cards on the BPX by issuing dspcds command. As shown in
Example 2-60, the BXM-155 card connects and configures the trunks on
the BPX as well as the appropriate resources on the ports.
Example 2-60. Viewing Cards on BPX
bpxa TRM cisco:1 BPX 8620

9.2.30 Oct. 8 2004 15:18 MST
FrontCard BackCard
FrontCard BackCard
Type Rev Type Rev Status

Type Rev Type Rev Status
1 BME-622 KMB SM-2 BD Standby 9

Empty
2 BXM-155 FJL MM-8 BB Active 10

Empty
3 BXM-T3 FJL TE3-12BA Active 11

Empty
4 BXM-622 FML SM-2 BD Standby 12
Empty
5 BXM-155 FAL SM-4 BB Standby 13

Empty
6 BXM-622 FPH SM-2 BE Standby 14

Empty
7 BCC-4 HDM LM-2 AC Active 15 ASM

ACC LMASM AC Active
8 Empty reserved for Card
Last Command: dspcds
Next Command:
Step 2. Enable the trunks on the ports 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3. This is as shown in
Example 2-60. Example 2-61 shows only the command to be used in the
"next command" section to enable the three trunks connecting to the two
Edge ATM LSRs as well as the LSC.
Example 2-61. Configuring Trunks on the BPX (Commands)
Next Command: uptrk 2.1
When the trunks are configured, view the trunk configuration using the
dsptrks command, as shown in Example 2-62.
Example 2-62. Viewing Trunk Configuration
bpxa TRM cisco:1 BPX 8620

9.2.30 Oct. 8 2004 15:26 MST
TRK Type Current Line Alarm Status Other

End
2.1 OC3 Clear - OK -
Last Command: dsptrks
Next Command:
Step 3. Configuration of resources applied to the trunks already configured is

performed using the cnfrsrc command on the BPX, as shown in Example
2-63.
Example 2-63. Configuring Resources

bpxa TRM cisco:1 BPX 8620 9.2.30 Oct. 8 2004 15:29
MST
Port/Trunk : 2.1
Maximum PVC LCNS:256 Maximum PVC Bandwidth:247207
(Statisti
cal Reserve: 1000)
Partition 1
Partition State : Enabled
Minimum VSI LCNS: 600
Maximum VSI LCNS: 1500
Start VSI VPI: 240
End VSI VPI : 255
Minimum VSI Bandwidth:105000

Maximum VSI Bandwidth : 105000
VSI ILMI Config : 0
VSI Topo Dsc : 0
VSI Ses Ctrlr Id : 255
Last Command: cnfrsrc 2.1 256 247207 y 1 e 600

1500 240 255 105000 105000
The command in Example 2-63 can be explained as "configure resources

for trunk 2.1 where the maximum PVC LCNs are 256, the maximum PVC
bandwidth is 247207; editing of VSI information is enabled, Partition ID is
1 and is enabled; the maximum VSI LCNs are 600 and the maximum VSI
LCNs are 1500; the VSI VPI-range is configured to be between 240–255
and the minimum and maximum VSI bandwidths is 105000."
Repeat this command to configure resources for trunks 2.2 and 2.3.
However, all trunks need to be part of the same partition (1). When
completed, a dsprsrc issued for the appropriate trunk and partition IDs, as
shown in Example 2-64, shows the resources allocated to the trunk.
Example 2-64. Display Configured Resources

bpxa TRM cisco:1 BPX 8620 9.2.30 Oct. 8 2004
15:37 MST
Port/Trunk : 2.2
Maximum PVC LCNS: 256 Maximum PVC Bandwidth:247207
(Statisti
cal Reserve: 1000)
Partition 1
Partition State : Enabled
Minimum VSI LCNS: 512
Maximum VSI LCNS: 1500
Start VSI VPI: 240
End VSI VPI : 255

Minimum VSI Bandwidth : 105000 Maximum VSI Bandwidth :
105000
VSI ILMI Config : 0

VSI Topo Dsc : 0 VSI Ses Ctrlr Id : 255
Last Command: dsprsrc 2.2 1
Step 4. MPLS labeled packets use the queues 10–14 on each port (one queue per
class). To enable MPLS packet forwarding, configure the queues using the
cnfqbin command. Example 2-65 shows the command to configure the
qbin 10 on BPX trunk 2.2 as well as the output of the configuration.
Example 2-65. Configuring Qbin's on BPX Ports for MPLS

bpxa TRM cisco:1 BPX 8620 9.2.30 Oct. 8 2004
15:43 MST
Qbin Database 2.2 on BXM qbin 10 (Configured by User)
(EPD Enabled on this qbin)
Qbin State: Enabled
Discard Threshold: 65536 cells
EPD Threshold: 95%
High CLP Threshold: 100%
EFCI Threshold: 40%
Last Command: cnfqbin 2.2 10 e n 65536 95 100 40
Step 5. Finally, add an LSC shelf as a VSI master using the addshelf command. In
Example 2-66, the first "1" after "VSI" is the VSI controller ID, which must
be set the same on both the BPX 8650 and the LSC. The default controller
ID on the LSC is "1." The second "1" after "VSI" is the partition ID that
indicates this is a controller for partition 1. The "v" stands for a VSI
controller.
Example 2-66. Adding VSI Master Shelf

bpxa TRM cisco:1 BPX 8620 9.2.30 Oct. 8 2004 15:48
MST
BPX 8620 Interface Shelf Information
Trunk Name Type Part Id Ctrl Id Control_VC Alarm
VPI VCIRange
2.2 VSI VSI 1 1 0 40-54 OK
Last Command: addshelf 2.2 v 1 1 0 40
To verify, perform a dsptrks, and the trunk 2.2 appears with VSI on the
other end column to show that a VSI master systems or device is connected
on trunk 2.2, as shown in Example 2-67.
Example 2-67. Verification of VSI

a TRM cisco:1 BPX 8620 9.2.30 Oct. 8 2004 15:51
MST
TRK Type Current Line Alarm Status Other End
2.2 OC3 Clear - OK VSI(VSI)
Configuration of the Label Switch Controller
Configuration of the LSC involves enabling the 7200/7500 series as a LSC for the
BPX shelf and configuration of XTagATM interfaces to control the trunks on the BPX
shelf:
Step 1. Configure the ATM interface connected to the BPX trunk 2.2 to be the VSI
control link between the BPX and the 7200/7500. See Example 2-68.
Example 2-68. Configure 7200/7500 Port as a LSC Port
LSC(config)#interface ATM1/0
LSC(config-if)# no ip address
LSC(config-if)# tag-control-protocol vsi
Step 2. Configure the XTagATM interfaces as control links for the trunks 2.1 and
2.3 on the BPX using the extended port command on the LSC, as
displayed in Example 2-69. Note that the numbering of the XTagATM
interfaces maps to the actual trunk ports that they control on the BPX shelf.
Therefore, XTagATM interface 21 controls BPX trunk 2.1, and XTagATM
interface 23 controls BPX trunk 2.3.
Example 2-69. Configure Control Links Using XTagATM

Interfaces on LSC
LSC(config)#interface ATM1/0
LSC(config-if)# no ip address
LSC(config-if)# tag-control-protocol vsi
LSC(config-if)#interface XTagATM21
LSC(config-if)# ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252
LSC(config-if)# extended-port ATM1/0 bpx 2.1
LSC(config-if)# mpls ip
LSC(config-if)#interface XTagATM23
LSC(config-if)# ip address 10.10.10.6 255.255.255.252
LSC(config-if)# extended-port ATM1/0 bpx 2.3
LSC(config-if)# mpls ip
Step 3. Configure OSPF as the IGP on the LSC, and include all interfaces for
OSPF routing. See Example 2-70.
Example 2-70. Configure IGP (OSPF) on LSC
LSC(config)#router ospf 100
LSC(config-router)# log-adjacency-changes
LSC(config-router)# network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Step 4. Verify the operation of the VSI control interfaces using the show
controllers vsi status command on the LSC. See Example 2-71.
Example 2-71. Verify VSI Controller Status
LSC#show controllers vsi status

Interface Name IF Status IFC State Physical Descriptor
XTagATM21 up ACTIVE 0.2.1.0
switch control port n/a ACTIVE 0.2.2.0
XTagATM23 up ACTIVE 0.2.3.0
Configuration of Edge ATM LSRs
The configuration of the Edge ATM LSRs contains the same configuration as that of
Edge ATM LSRs when implementing basic cell-mode MPLS, involving configuration
of an MPLS subinterface under the ATM physical interface and other ATM-TDP
parameters. OSPF is the IGP routing protocol. See Example 2-72.
Example 2-72. Configuration of Edge ATM LSR
ELSR1(config)#interface ATM3/0
ELSR1(config-if)# no ip address
ELSR1(config-if)#interface ATM3/0.1 mpls
ELSR1(config-subif)# ip address 10.10.10.1

255.255.255.252
ELSR1(config-subif)# mpls atm vpi 240-255
ELSR1(config-subif)# mpls ip
ELSR1(config)#router ospf 100
ELSR1(config-router)# router-id 10.10.10.101
ELSR1(config-router)# network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
_________________________________________________________
____________
ELSR2(config)#interface ATM1/0
ELSR2(config-if)# no ip address
ELSR2(config-if)#interface ATM1/0.1 mpls
ELSR2(config-subif)# ip address 10.10.10.5

255.255.255.252
ELSR2(config-subif)# mpls atm vpi 240-255
ELSR2(config-subif)# mpls ip
ELSR2(config-subif)#router ospf 100
ELSR2(config-router)# network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
The key command to be added in Example 2-72 is mpls atm vpi, which defines the
VPI range to be used for the LVCs. This needs to match the configuration of the BPX,
as shown in Example 2-64.
Verification of Cell-Mode MPLS with BPX+LSC Operation
Step 1. Verify TDP neighbor discovery and neighbor status on ELSR1, ELSR2, and LSC. Note that, bec
is only capable of ATM-TDP, the peering process appears as a TDP neighbor relationship and no
neighbor relationship. See Example 2-73.
Example 2-73. TDP Neighbor Verification
ELSR1#show mpls ldp neighbor
Peer TDP Ident: 10.10.10.100:1; Local TDP Ident 10.10.10.101:
TCP connection: 10.10.10.2.11375 - 10.10.10.1.711
State: Oper; PIEs sent/rcvd: 813/809; Downstream on deman
Up time: 11:39:02
TDP discovery sources:
ATM3/0.1, Src IP addr: 10.10.10.2
_________________________________________________________________
ELSR1#show mpls ldp discovery
10.10.10.101:0
Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
ATM3/0.1 (tdp): xmit/recv
TDP Id: 10.10.10.100:1; IP addr: 10.10.10.2
_________________________________________________________________
ELSR2#show mpls ldp neighbor
Peer TDP Ident: 10.10.10.100:2; Local TDP Ident 10.10.10.102:
TCP connection: 10.10.10.6.11376 - 10.10.10.5.711
State: Oper; PIEs sent/rcvd: 813/813; Downstream on deman
Up time: 11:39:47
ATM1/0.1, Src IP addr: 10.10.10.6
_________________________________________________________________
ELSR2#show mpls ldp discovery
10.10.10.102:0
Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
ATM1/0.1 (tdp): xmit/recv
TDP Id: 10.10.10.100:2; IP addr: 10.10.10.6
_________________________________________________________________
LSC#show tag-switching tdp neighbor
Peer TDP Ident: 10.10.10.101:1; Local TDP Ident 10.10.10.100:1
TCP connection: 10.10.10.1.711 - 10.10.10.2.11375
Up time: 11:42:08
XTagATM21
Peer TDP Ident: 10.10.10.102:1; Local TDP Ident 10.10.10.100:2
TCP connection: 10.10.10.5.711 - 10.10.10.6.11376
Up time: 11:42:06
XTagATM23
_________________________________________________________________
LSC#show tag-switching tdp discovery
Local TDP Identifier:
10.10.10.100:0
TDP Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
XTagATM21: xmit/recv
TDP Id: 10.10.10.101:1; IP addr: 10.10.10.1
XTagATM23: xmit/recv
TDP Id: 10.10.10.102:1; IP addr: 10.10.10.5
Step 2. Verify MPLS label exchange on the Edge LSRs, as shown in Example 2-74.
Example 2-74. MPLS Label Mapping/Exchange Verification
ELSR1#show mpls atm-ldp bindings
Destination: 10.10.10.100/32
Destination: 10.10.10.102/32
Destination: 10.10.10.101/32
_________________________________________________________________
ELSR2#show mpls atm-ldp bindings
Destination: 10.10.10.100/32
Destination: 10.10.10.101/32
Destination: 10.10.10.102/32
Step 3. Verify IGP connectivity, as illustrated in Example 2-75.
Example 2-75. Verification of IGP Connectivity
ELSR1#show ip route ospf
O 10.10.10.4/30 [110/3] via 10.10.10.2, 12:14:50, ATM3/0.1
O 10.10.10.102/32 [110/4] via 10.10.10.2, 12:14:50, ATM3/0.
O 10.10.10.100/32 [110/2] via 10.10.10.2, 12:14:50, ATM3/0.
_________________________________________________________________
ELSR2#show ip route ospf
O 10.10.10.0/30 [110/3] via 10.10.10.6, 12:15:17, ATM1/0.1
O 10.10.10.100/32 [110/2] via 10.10.10.6, 12:15:17, ATM1/0.
O 10.10.10.101/32 [110/4] via 10.10.10.6, 12:15:17, ATM1/0.
_________________________________________________________________
LSC#show ip route ospf
O 10.10.10.102/32 [110/3] via 10.10.10.5, 12:15:37, XTagATM
O 10.10.10.101/32 [110/3] via 10.10.10.1, 12:15:37, XTagATM
Step 4. Confirm connectivity using ping between ELSRs, as shown in Example 2-76.
Example 2-76. Verification of Reachability
LSR1#ping 10.10.10.102
!!!!!
Command Reference
Command Description
Router(config)#ip cef Enables CEF operation. Use the distributed
[distributed] keyword for distributed switching platforms in
which line cards maintain an identical copy of the
Command Description
FIB and adjacency tables. The line cards perform
the forwarding function between port adapters,
relieving the route processor of involvement in
the switching operation.
Router(config-if)#ip route-cache Enables CEF on the interface.
cef
Router(config-if)#mpls ip Enables MPLS forwarding on the interface.
Router(config)#router ospf OSPF IGP configuration.
process-id
Router(config-router)#network ip-
address wild-card mask area area-
id
Router(config-router)#no auto-
summary
Router(config)#router isis ISIS IGP configuration.
process-id
Router(config-router)#net
network-entity-title
Router(config)#interface type
number
Router(config-if)#ip router isis

process-id
Router(config)#mpls label Enables the preferred label distribution protocol
protocol {ldp | tdp} as either TDP or LDP on the chassis or per
interface.
Router(config-if)#mpls label
protocol {ldp | tdp}
Router(config)#no mpls ip Disables IP to label TTL mapping when a packet
propagate-ttl [forwarded | local] enters an MPLS-enabled domain.
Router(config)#mpls ldp router-id Configuring the IP address or a specific interface
{interface | ip-address} [force] as the router ID for the label distribution protocol.
Use the force keyword for the configuration to
take effect on a router to override earlier router ID
selection or configuration.
Router(config)#mpls label range Defining label range.
min-label-value max-label-value
[static min-label-value max-label-
value]
Command Description
Router(config-if)#mpls mtu bytes Defining the MPLS MTU per interface.
Router(config)#interface atm Configuring a tag-switching subinterface on an
number.sub-interface-number mpls Edge ATM LSR for cell-mode MPLS label
forwarding.
Router(config-subif)# mpls atm Configuring the control-vc parameters for
control-vc vpi-value vci-value protocol information exchange (control plane).
Default value for control-vc is VPI/VCI of 0/32.
Router(config-subif)# mpls atm Configuring MPLS ATM VPI range (default: 1-1).
vpi start-vpi-value [-vci-value]
Router(config)#mpls atm ldp vc- Enabling VC-merge on ATM LSR.
merge
Router(config)#tag-switching atm Sets maximum hops for bindings from ATM cell-
maxhops value mode domain.
Router(config)#mpls atm vp- Identifies the subinterface as a VP tunnel with
tunnel vpi-value [vci-value-range] specified VPI values.

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Basic MPLS Configuration

“DATA NETWORK” FOR JTOs PH-II : MPLS_Configuration

Basic MPLS Configuration

In this chapter, the following topics are covered:

• Frame-mode MPLS configuration and verification

- Basic frame-mode MPLS configuration and verification

• Cell-mode MPLS over ATM configuration and verification

- Basic cell-mode MPLS configuration and verification

- MPLS over VP tunnels configuration and verification

Frame-Mode MPLS Configuration and Verification

Basic Frame-Mode MPLS Overview, Configuration, and Verification

Figure 2-1. Frame-Mode MPLS Provider Network

[View full size image]

Figure 2-2 illustrates the configuration flowchart to implement frame-mode MPLS on

Figure 2-2. Frame-Mode MPLS Configuration Flowchart

[View full size image]

Basic Frame-Mode MPLS Configuration Steps

Step 1. Enable CEF—CEF is an essential component for label switching and is

Example 2-1. Enable CEF

R2(config)#ip cef distributed

R2(config)#do show running-config interface s0/0 |

R2(config-if)#ip route-cache cef

Step 2. Configure IGP routing protocol—Configure the IGP routing protocol; in

Example 2-2. Configure IGP Routing Protocol on R2

R2(config)#router ospf 100

R2(config)#network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

Enabling the label distribution protocol is an optional step. TDP is

command will, however, override the global configuration.

Example 2-3. Assign LDP Router ID

R2(config)#mpls ldp router-id loopback 0

Step 4. Enable IPv4 MPLS or label forwarding on the interface—Example 2-4

Example 2-4. Enable MPLS Forwarding

R2(config)#interface serial 0/0

R2(config)#interface serial 0/1

Verification of Basic Frame-Mode MPLS Operation

Example 2-5. CEF Verification

%CEF not running

Prefix Next Hop Interface

R2#show cef interface serial 0/0

IP CEF switching enabled

IP CEF Fast switching turbo vector

R2#show cef interface serial 0/1

IP CEF switching enabled

IP CEF Fast switching turbo vector

Example 2-6. MPLS Forwarding Verification

R2#show mpls interfaces

Interface IP Tunnel Operational

Serial0/0 Yes (ldp) No Yes

Serial0/1 Yes (ldp) No Yes

Example 2-7. LDP Discovery Verification

R2#show mpls ldp discovery

Local LDP Identifier:

Serial0/0 (ldp): xmit/recv

LDP Id: 10.10.10.101:0

Serial0/1 (ldp): xmit/recv

LDP Id: 10.10.10.103:0

Example 2-8. LDP Neighbor Verification

R2#show mpls ldp neighbor

Peer LDP Ident: 10.10.10.101:0; Local LDP Ident 10.10.10.102:

TCP connection: 10.10.10.101.646 - 10.10.10.102.11012