KC Cispr 16-1-2

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CISPR KC 16-1-2
(Revised: 2015-09-23)
CISPR Ed 1.2 2006-08-11
Electrical appliance safety standards
Technical Regulations for Electrical and

Telecommunication Products and Components
Electromagnetic disturbance and immunity measuring equipment and
measurement methods Part 1: Electromagnetic disturbance and immunity
measuring equipment Section 2: Auxiliary equipment - Conducted interference
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus -
Ancillary equipment - Conducted disturbances
National Agency for Technology and Standards
http://www.kats.go.kr
neck car
History of establishment, revision, and abolition of electrical appliance safety standards and status of notifications... 1 Introduction
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mains networks ) ························································································· 4 5 Current probe and voltage Current and voltage probes
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Devices for Measuring Signal Lines ····················· (The artificial hand and series RC element) ····················································································· · 22
Annex A ··························································································· ·······················································································. 26 Annex B (Annex B)

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·······················································································. 57 Annex G ) ·························································································
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·······················································································. 66 Annex I (Annex I) ·······················································································.
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KS C CISPR 16-1-2 : 2011 2011 Commentary ······································································································ ·······················································································.
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Electrical appliance safety standards establishment, revision, and abolition history and notification status
Established by the Agency for Technology and Standards Notification No. 2000-463 (January 5, 2001)
Revised Korean Agency for Technology and Standards Notice No. 2003-1443 (November 15, 2003)
Revised National Institute of Technology and Standards Notice No. 2014-0421 (September 3, 2014)
Revised National Agency for Technology and Standards Notice No. 2015-383 (September 23, 2015)
Supplementary Provisions (Public Notice No. 2015-383, September 23, 2015)
This notice comes into effect from the date of its announcement.
-1-
CISPR KC 16-1-2
Electrical appliance safety standards
Electromagnetic interference, immunity measurement equipment and measurement methods
Part 1: Electromagnetic disturbance and immunity measuring equipment - Section 2: Auxiliary equipment - Conducted interference
Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment
- Conducted disturbances
This safety standard is based on CISPR 16-1-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus -
Ancillary equipment - Conducted disturbances, published in 2006, edition 1.2. , KS C CISPR 16-1-2
(December 2011), written without changing the technical content and composition of the corresponding international sta
-2-
Electromagnetic interference, immunity measurement equipment and measurement methods
Part 1: Electromagnetic disturbance and immunity measuring equipment - Section
2: Auxiliary equipment - Conducted interference
Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment - Conducted
disturbances
1 Scope of application
This standard of KS C CISPR 16 is designated as a basic standard and specifies the characteristics and performance of devices for
measuring radio disturbance voltage and current in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 1 GHz.
Regarding auxiliary equipment, provisions are included for artificial mains networks, current probes, voltage probes and coupling
devices for injecting current into the cable.
The requirements of this standard must be met at all frequencies and at all levels of radio disturbance voltage and current within the
CISPR directive range of the measuring device.
Measurement methods are covered in Parts 1-2, and further information on radio interference is given in Parts 1-3 of KS C CISPR 16.
standard for 2 people
The standards below are essential for the application of this standard. For standards with a publication year, only the
edition cited herein applies, and for standards without a publication year, its latest edition (including revisions) applies.
KS C CISPR 14-1 Requirements for household electrical appliances, power tools and similar appliances – Part 1: Emissions
KS C CISPR 16-1-1 Radio interference and immunity measurement equipment and measurement methods - Part 1-1: Radio interference and immunity measurement
Equipment – measuring equipment
CISPR 16-2-1 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-1: Methods of measurement
of disturbances and immunity – Conducted disturbance measurements
CISPR/TR 16-3 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
CISPR 16-4-1 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainties in standardized
EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-2 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Part 4-2: Uncertainties,
statistics and limit modelling – Measurement instrumentation uncertainties
KS C IEC 60050-161 International Electrotechnical Terminology – Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility.
3 definition
In this standard of KS C CISPR 16, the following definitions apply. Please refer to KS C IEC 60050-161.
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3.1 Symmetrical voltage
In a two-wire circuit, such as a single-phase power supply, the symmetrical voltage is the radio frequency interference voltage that
appears between the two wires. Sometimes this is called differential modeIN
voltage. If a is the vector voltage between one main terminal
INand ground and b is the vector voltage between the other main terminal and ground, the symmetrical voltage
INaÿ Vbbecomes the vector difference ().
3.2 Asymmetric voltage
Asymmetric voltage is a radio frequency interference voltage that appears between the electrical neutral point of the mains supply
terminal and ground. Sometimes this is called common mode voltage.INa and INIt is half of the vector sum of b [i.e. ( INaÿ INb)/2].
3.3 Asymmetric voltage
It is the vector voltage voltage defined in INa or INsize of b. This is measured using a V-type pseudo power network.
3.8 and 3.9.
3.4 Auxiliary power network (AMN)
The artificial mains network provides a defined impedance of RF at the terminals of the EUT, couples the disturbance voltage to the
measuring receiver, and isolates the test circuit from the supply power. There are two main types of AMN. One is a V-type network (V-
AMN) that combines asymmetric voltages, and the other is a delta-type network that combines symmetric and asymmetric voltages
separately. Instead of the term V-AMN, the term line impedance stabilization network (LISN) is sometimes used.
3.5 Asymmetric pseudo-network (AAN)
A network used to measure (or inject) asymmetric (common mode) voltages while rejecting the symmetric (differential) signals of
unshielded symmetric signal (e.g. telecommunication) lines.
Remarks “Y-network” is an analogue of AAN.
3.6 Impedance stabilization network (ISN)
It is a pseudo-circuit network that provides stabilized impedance to the test product. Often used as an analogue of AAN (e.g. in KS C
CISPR 22).
3.7 Coupling/Decoupling Network (CDN)
Measure or inject signals from one circuit while preventing signals from being measured or injected from another circuit.
pseudo-network for processing.
3.8 Longitudinal Conversion Loss (LCL)
In a one-port or two-port network, a measure (ratio expressed in dB) of the degree to which the presence of a longitudinal (asymmetric
mode) signal in the connecting conductor causes an unwanted transverse (symmetric mode) signal at the network terminals.
(This definition is adapted from ITU-T Recommendation O.91)
4 pseudo power network
The artificial power network is required to provide a defined RF impedance to the terminals of the EUT, isolate the test circuit from
unwanted RF signals from the power source, and couple the disturbance voltage to the measurement receiver.
There are two main types of pseudo power circuitry. One is a V-network that combines asymmetric voltages, and the other is a delta-
network that combines symmetric and asymmetric voltages separately. There are three terminals
for each power conductor. These are the power terminal for connection to the supply mains, the device terminal for connection to the
EUT, and the disturbance output terminal for connection to the measuring device.
1 ITU-T Recommendation O.9, Measuring arrangement for assessing the degree of unbalance about earth. (Look at the sky
Measurement arrangements to assess the degree of imbalance)
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NOTE 1 A circuit example of an artificial power network is shown in Annex A.

NOTE 2 This clause specifies the impedance and isolation requirements for AMN and related measurement methods. AMN-related uncertainty
The background and rationale are described in 6.2.3 of CISPR 16-4-1 and CISPR 16-4-2.
4.1 Network impedance
Specifications for the impedance of the artificial mains network include the magnitude and phase of the impedance measured at the
EUT terminals with respect to reference ground when the receiver terminals are terminated at 50 ÿ.
The impedance at the EUT terminals of the artificial power network defines the termination impedance present at the EUT. For this
reason the nuisance output terminal must be terminated with 50 ÿ when not connected to the measuring receiver. To terminate the
receiver port to exactly 50 ÿ, a 10 dB attenuator should be used inside or outside the network, and its VSWR (visible from both sides)
should be less than or equal to 1.2 to 1.0. Attenuation should be included in the voltage divider measurement (see 4.10).
The impedance between each conductor (except PE) of the EUT terminal and reference ground shall correspond to the external
impedance values, including the short circuit connected between the relevant power terminal and reference ground, as given in 4.2, 4.3,
4.4, 4.5 or 4.6. This requirement must be met at all temperatures achievable by the network under normal conditions for continuous
current up to the specified maximum.
If the phase requirements cannot be met, the measured phase angle may be taken into account in the uncertainty budget according to
CISPR 16-4-2. Annex I provides guidance on how to calculate the uncertainty contribution of the phase when tolerances are exceeded.
NOTE Since the EUT connector is not optimized for RF up to 30 MHz, measurements of network impedance must be performed using
special measurement adapters to allow short connections. NWA's open/short/matched (OSM ) calibration is used to characterize
the adapter while considering insertion loss and the adapter's conductor length.
4.2 50 ÿ/50 ÿH+5 ÿ V-type pseudo mains network (for frequency range 9 to 150 kHz)
This pseudo-mains network must have the impedance (magnitude and phase) vs. frequency characteristics of Table 3 and Figure 1a
over the relevant frequency range. A size tolerance of ±20% and a phase tolerance of ±11.5° are permitted.
Table 3 - Size and phase angle of V-network (see Figure 1a)
Frequency (MHz) Impedance magnitude Phase angle (degrees)
0.009 (ÿ) 26.55

0.015 5.22 38.41
0.020 6.22 7.25 44.97
0.025 8.38 49.39
0.030 9.56 52.33
0.040 11.99 55.43
0.050 14.41 56.40
0.060 16.77 56.23
0.070 19.04 55.40
0.080 21.19 54.19
0.090 23.22 52.77
0.100 25.11 51.22
0.150 32.72 43.35
NOTE This network may be used in the frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz provided the impedance requirements of this clause and 4.3 are met.
It can be used.
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4.3 50 ÿ/50ÿH V-type pseudo power network (for 0.15-30 MHz frequency range)
This network shall have the impedance (magnitude and phase) versus frequency characteristics of Table 4 and Figure b over
the relevant frequency range. The size tolerance is ±20% and the phase tolerance is ±11.5°.
Table 4 - Size and phase angle of V-network (see Figure 1b)
Frequency (MHz) Impedance magnitude Phase angle (degrees)
0.15 (ÿ) 34.29 46.70

0.17 36.50 43.11
0.20 39.12 38.51
0.25 42.18 32.48
0.30 44.17 27.95
0.35 45.52 24.45
0.40 46.46 21.70
0.50 47.65 17.66
0.60 48.33 14.86
0.70 48.76 12.81
0.80 49.04 11.25
0.90 49.24 10.03
1.00 49.38 9.04
1.20 49.57 7.56
1.50 49.72 6.06
2.00 49.84 4.55
2.50 49.90 3.64
3.00 49.93 3.04
4.00 49.96 2.28
5.00 49.98 1.82
7.00 49.99 1.30
10.00 49.99 0.91
15.00 50.00 0.61
20.00 50.00 0.46
30.00 50.00 0.30
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4.4 50 ÿ/5 ÿHÿ1 ÿ V-type pseudo power network (for frequency range 150 kHz to 100 MHz)
This network should have the impedance (magnitude and phase) versus frequency characteristics shown in Table 5 and Figure 2. A
size tolerance of ±20% and a phase tolerance of ±11.5° are permitted.
Table 5 - Size and phase angle of V-network (see Figure 2)
Frequency Impedance size (ÿ) Phase angle (degrees)
(MHz) 4 70 72 74
0 15 6 19 73 93
0 20 9 14 73 47
0 30 12 00 71 61
0 40 0 50 14 75 69 24
0 70 19 82 64 07
1 00 26 24 56 54
1 50 33 94 46 05
2 00 38 83 38 15
2 50 41 94 32 27
3 00 43 98 27 81
4 00 46 33 21 63
5 00 47 56 17 62
7 00 48 71 12 80
10 00 49 35 9 04
15 00 49 71 6 06
20 00 49 84 4 55
30 00 49 93 3 04
50 00 49 97 1 82
100 00 49 99 0 91
108 00 49 99 0.84
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Figure 1a – Impedance (magnitude and phase) of the V-network for

Band A (frequency range 9 to 150 kHz; see 4.2)
Figure 1b – Impedance (magnitude and phase) of the V-network for

band B (see 4.3)
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Figure 2 – Impedance (magnitude and phase) of the V-network for bands B and C.
(Frequency range 0.15 to 108 MHz; see 4.4)
4.5 150 ÿ V-type pseudo mains network (for frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz)
This network must have a phase angle not exceeding 20° and an impedance of magnitude (150 ± 20) ÿ.
4.6 150 ÿ delta-type pseudo-mains network (for frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz)
This network shall have an impedance of magnitude (150 ± 20) ÿ between the equipment terminals and reference ground and
between the two equipment terminals and reference ground combined, with a phase angle not exceeding 20°.
For measurement of symmetrical voltages, a shielded balanced transformer is required. To ensure that the impedance of the
network does not change appreciably, the input impedance of the transformer should not be less than at least 1 000 ÿ at all
frequencies involved. The voltage measured by the measuring receiver varies depending on the component values and
conversion ratio of the circuit network. The circuitry needs to be calibrated.
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4.6.1 Balance of 150 ÿ delta-type pseudo power network
A system consisting of a circuit network and a measuring receiver connected to the network via a transformer must be
balanced and not affected by asymmetric voltage components when making symmetric voltage measurements. Equilibrium
should be measured using the circuit in Figure 3.
R 200 ÿ resistance with tolerance within 1%

Network terminal for connecting P1P2 devices
Figure 3 – Method for ensuring balance of arrangement for symmetrical voltage measurements
A voltage from a generator with an internal impedance of 50 ÿ Do

is supplied between the reference ground plane and the common terminal
of the two resistors of 200 ÿ ±1 %. The other ends of these resistors are connected to the equipment terminals of the artificial power network.
Voltage Usis measured at a symmetrical voltage measurement position. voltage ratio

Do/ Usmust be greater than 20:1 (26 dB).
4.7 Separation
4.7.1 Requirements
At any test frequency, the minimum separation between each power terminal and the receiver port for a given
termination of the relevant terminal of the EUT port is ensured that unwanted signals present on the power side
and unknown impedances of the supply power do not affect the measurements. (decoupling coefficient) must be
met. This requirement applies to V-AMN excluding additional external cables and filters.
Table 6 – Minimum isolation values for V-networks
I V-network type frequency range (MHz) Minimum separation (dB)

0.009~0.05 0~40*)
4.2 50 ÿ/50 ÿH+5 ÿ
0.05~30 40
4.3 50 ÿ/50 ÿH 0.15~30 40
0.15~3 40
4.4 50 ÿ/50 ÿH+1 ÿ
3~108 0~40*)
Remarks The minimum separation value increases linearly with the logarithm of frequency.
NOTE Additional filtering may be required outside the AMN to suppress interference on the power port
(see CISPR 16-2-1 for practical requirements).
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4.7.2 Measurement procedure
The test device is shown in Figure H.1. To measure, first measure signal 1 at a load impedance of 50 ÿ with a source impedance
of 50 ÿ. This signal sourceIN
is then connected 2 (terminated with an impedance of 50 ÿ) between the associated power terminal
terminals are terminated with 50 ÿ. The output voltage is measured at the receiver INand reference ground. The relevant EUT
port. The attenuation of the 10 dB attenuator described in 4.1 must be added to the isolation requirements. All power and EUT
terminals must meet the isolation requirements. If the termination of other power terminals affects the measurement results,
this requirement must be met with the other power terminals open and shorted.
The formula below must be met.
IN
1
–
IN2ÿ FD+ A
here
IN1
Reference voltage at power terminal, dB (ÿV)
IN2 Output voltage at receiver port, dB (ÿV)
FD Minimum isolation (decoupling coefficient) requirement, dB
A Attenuation amount of built-in attenuator, dB
NOTE Since the EUT connector is not optimized for radio frequencies up to 30 MHz, measurements of network isolation must be
IN adapter
performed using special measurement adapters to allow short connections. 1 must be measured with the
connected to the source.
4.8 Current carrying capacity and series voltage drop
The maximum continuous current and maximum peak current must be specified. When passing continuous current up to the
maximum value, the voltage applied to the EUT shall not be less than 95% of the supply voltage at the supply terminals of the
artificial mains network.
4.9 Connection of supplementary reference ground
Measurements on some types of equipment must introduce an impedance to the reference ground conductor of the artificial
mains network in accordance with the requirements of the relevant product standard in 4.2 and 4.3. This impedance is inserted
into the reference ground line in Figure 4 and Figure 5, respectively, at the point marked with an X. As for the inserted impedance,
use a 1.6 mH inductor or one suitable for the required impedance of 4.2 and 4.3 and appropriate for the frequency range of use.
NOTE For safety reasons the 5 ÿ resistor in 4.2 may have to be omitted.
- 11 -
Figure 4 - Example of 50 ÿ/50 ÿH+5 ÿ V-type pseudo power network (see 4.2 and A.2)
Figure 5 - Examples of 50 ÿ/50 ÿH, 50 ÿ/5 ÿH+1 ÿ or 150 ÿ V-type pseudo power networks (see 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, A.3,
A.4 and A.5 respectively)
4.10 Correction of the voltage division factor of V-type pseudo power networks
The voltage division factor between the EUT terminals of the V-type network and the RF output terminals must be measured. This
voltage division factor must be taken into account when measuring disturbance voltage. The procedure for measuring the voltage
division factor is described in A.8.
- 12 -
5 Current probe and voltage probe
5.1 Current Probe
Asymmetrical disturbance currents in the cable can be reduced by using specially developed clamp-on current transducers on the conductor side of the power source.
It can be directly connected to or measured without changing the circuit. The usefulness of this method is clear. complex wiring
Measurements can be made without affecting the normal operation or configuration of equipment, electronic circuits, etc. Current probe measures
It must be manufactured so that the desired conductor can be easily bitten. The conductor corresponds to the primary coil with one number of turns.
The secondary coil is built into the current probe.
The main measurement range of current probes is 30 Hz to 100 MHz, but they can be manufactured to measure in the frequency range of 30 Hz to 1 000
MHz. Above 100 MHz, the standing current of a typical power system requires that the position of the current probe be optimized for detection of the
maximum current.
Current probes are designed to have a constant frequency response in the passband. Accurate measurements are possible even at frequencies below the
passband, but sensitivity decreases due to a decrease in transfer impedance value. At frequencies above the passband, measurements are not accurate
due to resonance of the current probe.
Current probes equipped with additional shielding structures can measure both symmetric (differential mode) and asymmetric (common mode) currents.
Annex B, B.5 describes this structure in detail.
5.1.1 Structure
Current probes must be manufactured to measure current without disconnecting the conductor to be measured.
Annex B describes the construction of representative current probes.
5.1.2 Characteristics
Insertion impedance Up to 1 ÿ
0.1 to 5 ÿ in the smooth passband and 0.001 to 0.1ÿ at frequencies below the passband (current probe
Transfer impedance1
terminated in 50 ÿ).
The capacitance between the measuring conductor and the current probe cover must be less
Additional parallel capacitance
than 25 pF.
The transfer impedance must be calibrated over a specified frequency range, and the bands of each
frequency response probe are typically 100 to 100 MHz, 100 to 300 MHz, and 200 to 1 000 MHz.
pulse response under consideration
The maximum value of the maximum DC and AC power current error of the primary lead that can
magnetic field saturation
maintain the measurement error within 1 dB must be specified.
Considering transfer impedance tolerance
When the current-carrying conductor is moved from the current probe opening to a position around
Effect of external magnetic field
the probe, the pointer shall be attenuated by at least 40 dB.
influence of electric fields It is unaffected by electric fields less than 10 V/m.
No matter where it is placed in the gap or when it is used on a conductor of any size, it must be within
Directional influence 1 dB for up to 30 MHz and within 2.5 dB for 30 to 1 000 MHz.
- 13 -
Opening of current probe at least 15 mm
5.2 Voltage Probe
5.2.1 High impedance voltage probe
Figure 6 shows the circuit used to measure the voltage between the power conductor and ground plane. The probe
consists of a blocking capacitor C and a resistor such that the total resistance between the wire and ground is 1 500 ÿ.
The probe can also be used on other wires, and for some measurements it may be necessary to increase the impedance
of the probe to avoid overloading high-impedance circuits. For safety, an inductor must be connected to the input terminal
of the test device, and the inductance must be Xcis the resistance RIt must be much larger than
note
1 500
V= IN
R
Disturbance
IN voltage here
IN Input voltage of the measuring device
Figure 6 - Circuit for measuring RF voltage on supply (see 5.2.1)
The insertion loss of the voltage probe should be adjusted for a 50 ÿ system from 9 kHz to 30 MHz. The effect on the
accuracy of measurements on devices used for protection shall be less than 1 dB or allow for calibration. Care must be
taken to ensure that interference levels are accurate for meaningful measurements even in the presence of ambient noise.
The loop formed by the lead wire connected to the probe, the power conductor being tested and the reference ground wire
should be kept to a minimum to attenuate the effects of strong magnetic fields.
* Reciprocal transfer admittance [dB(S)] may be used instead. When expressed in decibels, the admittance value is added to the reading
of the measuring receiver. For the purpose of correction of transfer impedance or admittance
The use of jigs designed for this purpose may be necessary (see Annex B).
- 14 -
5.2.2 Capacitive voltage probe
Asymmetric disturbances in cables can be measured using clamp-on capacitive coupling devices without direct capacitive
contact with the source conductor and without circuit modification. The effectiveness of this method is self-evident. Complex
wiring systems, electrical circuits, etc. can be measured without interrupting normal operation, configuring the EUT, or cutting
cables to insert the measuring device. Capacitive voltage probes are designed to be easily clamped around the conductor to
be measured.
Capacitive voltage probes have a nearly constant frequency response in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz and are
useful for measuring conducted disturbances. The voltage division factor is defined as the ratio of the disturbance voltage of
the cable to the input voltage of the measuring receiver and varies depending on the type of cable. The voltage division factor
must be calibrated in the specified frequency range for each cable type using the method in Annex G.
Capacitive voltage probes may require additional shielding to sufficiently isolate them from asymmetric (common mode)
signals around the cable (see “Effects of electromagnetic fields” in 5.2.2.2). Annex G describes examples of structures and
measurement methods for separation.
This capacitive voltage probe can be used to measure interference in communication ports. The minimum measurement level
is typically up to 44 dB (ÿV).
5.2.2.1 Structure
The capacitive voltage probe must be structured to measure voltage without disconnecting the cable being measured. Figure
11 shows the circuit used to measure the voltage between the cable and reference ground. The capacitive voltage probe
consists of a capacitively coupled clamp connected to an impedance conversion amplifier. The input resistance p of this
Ramplifier must be sufficiently large compared to the reactance
X c to obtain a constant frequency response .
- 15 -
explanation
G p Gain of the impedance conversion

C amplifier Capacitance between cable and
C s clamp Capacitance between probe and
C p ground Capacitance of the impedance
R p conversion amplifier Resistance of the
IN impedance
IN conversion amplifier Disturbance voltage measurement Voltage at receiver input
Figure 11 - Circuit diagram for measuring voltage between cable and reference ground
Annex G provides guidance on typical construction and verification of capacitive voltage probes.
- 16 -
5.2.2.2 Requirements
There should be less than 10 pF between the ground terminal of the capacitive
Addition of parallel capacitance:
voltage probe and the cable under test.
Frequency response:
Voltage division factor Fa = 20 log10| IN/ IN| Specify dB (see Figure 11)
Calibrate in the frequency range.
Linearity must be maintained for pulses determined by the method for B

Pulse response:
band in Annex B and C of KS C CISPR 16-1-1.
When the cable is away from the capacitive voltage probe (other voltage
Effect of electric field:
indications adjacent to the probe should be reduced by more than 20 dB.
(Effect due to electrostatic coupling
Methods for measuring electrostatic coupling in the cable are described in Annex
with other cables near the probe)
G. Caused effects) at
Aperture or opening of the least 30 mm.
capacitive
voltage probe (aperture when the two
coaxial electrodes are open in the slot. Figure G.1
reference)
6 Combined device for measuring conducted current immunity
The coupling device is designed to inject a disturbing current into the conductor to be measured and to isolate other conductors and
equipment connected to the EUT from the effects of this current. 30 with a source impedance of 150 ÿ
For frequencies up to MHz, there is a useful correlation between the RF disturbance electric field strength operating in a real device
and the emf applied to the disturbance current injection method required to produce an attenuation of the same magnitude. The
immunity of the equipment is expressed by this emf value. Annex C and D give examples of operating principles, equipment types
and structures.
6.1 Characteristics
Performance checks for combined devices are performed for impedances in the frequency range 0.15 to 30 MHz and 30 to 150 MHz.
It is performed for insertion loss in the frequency range of MHz.
6.1.1 Impedance
In the frequency range from 0.15 to 30 MHz, the total asymmetric impedance measured between the point of injection of the disturbing
signal into the EUT and the grounding point of the equipment (RF choke coil in parallel with a resistive source impedance of 150 ÿ) is
(150 ± 20) ) ÿ and a phase angle less than 20 (this impedance is equivalent to a CISPR 150 ÿ V-type pseudo mains network; see 4.4).
For example, for coupling devices of type A and S, the injection point is the shield of the output connector, and for coupling devices
of type M and L, the injection point is the connecting output terminal.
6.1.2 Insertion loss
In the frequency range from 0 to 150 MHz, the insertion loss of two coupled devices in series should be in the range of 9.6 to 12.6 dB,
as shown in the measurements in Figure 7.
Figure 7 – Measuring device to determine insertion loss of coupling devices in the frequency range 30 to 150 MHz.
- 17 -
The insertion loss B of two identical combinations measured according to this figure
ING/ IN
is 9.6 in the frequency range 30 to 150 MHz.
dB and must be within 12.6 dB. ING is the reading of the receiver when the generator and receiver are directly
connected to each other.
NOTE The two devices must be connected to each other with a very short wire (ÿ 1 cm).
7 Combined device on the measuring signal line
The interference potential (and immunity) of a signal line can be assessed by measuring (or injecting) the conducted disturbance voltage
or current. To achieve this, a combining device is needed to measure the interference while eliminating the intended signal on the signal
line. The combined device included must measure electromagnetic emissions and immunity (common and differential mode, current and
voltage). Typical devices for this type of measurement are current probes and artificial power networks (AAN or Y-networks).
NOTE 1 The requirements of AAN for conducted immunity testing of signal lines can be found in KS C IEC 61000-4-612 (AAN is a special
version of “coupling and decoupling device” (aka coupling/decoupling network (CDN)) .Emission side
AANs that meet the definition requirements may also meet the requirements for immunity
testing. Remark 2 Signal lines include communication lines and terminals of devices for connection to the communication lines.
NOTE 3 As defined in paragraph 3, “asymmetric voltage” and “common mode voltage” are synonyms, and “symmetric voltage” and “difference voltage” are synonymous.
“Common mode voltage” is a synonym.
NOTE 4 “Asymmetric pseudo-network (AAN)” is used as a synonym for “Y-network”. Y-network is similar to V-network
It is the opposite of other networks. The T-network is a special version of the Y-network.
When using a current probe and the limit value is specified as voltage (V), the current limit value must be obtained by dividing the voltage
value by the impedance or termination impedance of the signal line specified in the detailed measurement procedure. This impedance may
be the common mode required in the detailed measurement procedure.
7.1 describes the provisions for asymmetric (common mode) artificial networks (AAN). The differential mode to common mode rejection
ratio ( dm/IN
cm) isIN
critical to the usefulness of an AAN. This parameter is related to longitudinal conversion loss (LCL). Examples of
asymmetric pseudo-networks and the required test and calibration procedures are described in Annex E.
7.1 Requirements for asymmetric pseudo-networks (AAN or Y-networks)
Asymmetric artificial networks (AANs) are used to measure (or inject) the voltage of an unshielded symmetric signal line (e.g. a telephone
line), asymmetric signals (common mode) while rejecting symmetric signals (differential mode).
Remarks In CISPR 22, this type of network is called 'impedance stabilization network (ISN)'.
3
Figure 8a shows a general schematic of an asymmetric pseudonetwork.
Figure 8a – Asymmetric pseudo-network (AAN or Y-network) consisting of a highly symmetric base network
and an (optional) unbalanced network Zun and the root circuit of its ports.
2 IEC 61000-4-6 , Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques –Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by
radio-frequency fields (Electromagnetic Compatibility – Part 4-6: Test and Measurement Techniques – RadioNote
Resistance to conduction interference induced by the wave field)
- 18 -
Example of LCL and tolerance for AAN
Remark 1 The defining formula is, for example, as follows.

ÿ 2 ÿ
ÿ ÿ
f
LCL ÿ
LCLIfÿ10 lg 1 ÿ + ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
±ÿ
Toll(in dB)
ÿ f ÿ
From here,
ÿ
ÿ corner ÿ
LCLIf LCL at low frequencies. For example, 50 dB
f frequency
fcorner corner frequency. For example, 5 MHz
Toll LCL tolerance. For example, 3 dB
Remark 2 The thick lines represent ideal values for “50 dB”, “60 dB”, and “70 dB”, and the thin lines represent tolerances.
Figure 8b – Graph showing an example of LCL requirements for AAN
Figure 8 - Example of LCL requirements and root circuit for AAN
- 19 -
The characteristics of the pseudo-network for measuring asymmetric (common mode) disturbances should include the
frequency range of the asymmetric disturbance voltage and the frequency range used to transmit the desired signal. These
characteristics are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – Characteristics of asymmetric pseudo-networks for measurement of asymmetric disturbance voltages
a. Termination of the basic network against asymmetric disturbance voltages
Impedance a
size 150ÿ±20ÿ
Phase 0±20°
b. LCLb at the EUT port of the network (9~150 kHz: TBC)
0.15 to 30 MHz: Defined in relevant

product standards (e.g. Figure 8bc )
c. Decoupling attenuation of asymmetric signals between ancillary (9~150 kHz: TBD)
device ports and EUT ports 0.15~1.5 MHz: Increase in direct proportion to the
logarithm of the frequency from 35 dB to 55 dB.
>1.5MHz: > 55 dB < 3
d. Symmetrical circuit between EUT and auxiliary device port dBd
Insertion
Typically 9.5 dBe
loss e. asymmetric circuit between the EUT and the measuring receiver port.
Voltage division ratio. This voltage division factor is added to the
reading of the measuring receiver.
f. Symmetrical load impedance of the network tbdf
g. Transmission bandwidth of desired signal (analog or digital)

tbg
h. Frequency Rangeh (1) Emission (2) (0.009) 0.15~30 MHz.
Immunity Refer to KS C IEC 61000-4-6.
a: The symmetric impedance of an AAN is affected by adding an unbalanced network according to Figure 8a. this
The standard specifies the impedance tolerance of the basic circuitry. If the unbalanced network has a negligible
effect on impedance and phase, the given tolerances can be applied including the unbalanced network.
Otherwise, for example, if an unbalanced network varies the impedance by more than 10 ÿ or the phase by more
than 10°, the product standard should take this into account when specifying tolerances for impedance
and phase. This is because
specific tolerances must be left to the AAN manufacturer. b: Several
concepts are being used to determine device suitability. Simulate the range of available communication lines by using
or using the AAN's LCL value higher than the available LCL value of the signal line. c: The LCL values
in Figure 8b were taken - with modified tolerances - from the revised draft of KS C CISPR 22.
Other values may be set in future product standards. Therefore, the LCL requirements presented in this standard
are illustrative only. In general, three factors should be considered in the LCL tolerance: the residual LCL of the
basic AAN, the nominal deviation of the asymmetric network Zun , and the LCL measurement uncertainty.
Tolerances given in product standards should take into account that acceptable tolerances should increase with
the required LCL and frequency. An example of reasonable tolerance is shown in Figure 8b.
d: Actual requirements will vary depending on the specifications of the transmission system. Some transmission systems have up to 6 dB.
Insertion loss is allowed. Insertion loss due to AAN depends on the source and load impedance of the overall
symmetrical circuit. Depending on how high or low the impedance is, the insertion loss will be larger or
smaller. Insertion loss
should be specified by the manufacturer (e.g.
insertion loss for 100 ÿ). e: The AAN must be calibrated by measuring the voltage division
ratio with the test device in Figure E.6. f: will be set depending on system specifications, for example 100 ÿ or 600 ÿ.
- 20 -
g: to be determined according to system specifications, e.g. for symmetrical insertion loss up to 2 MHz or up to 100 MHz.
will be.
h: More than one network may be used to cover the entire frequency range.
7.2 Requirements for pseudo-networks for coaxial and shielded cables
Pseudo-networks for coaxial and other shielded cables are used to measure (or remove) asymmetric (common mode) voltages in the
shield of a (telecommunication or RF) cable while passing a telecommunication signal or RF signal. The required characteristics are
shown in Table 2.
NOTE 1 KS C CISPR 22 specifies this type of network as a coaxial or shielded cable impedance stabilization circuit.
It is called an ISN.
Table 2 - Characteristics of pseudo-networks for coaxial and other shielded cables
a. Terminating impedance of the basic network for asymmetric disturbance voltagea
• 150 ÿ ± 20 ÿ
Magnitude • Phase (0 °±20 °)
b. For asymmetric signals between the auxiliary device port and the EUT port (9~150 kHz)
2
Decoupling attenuation () 0.15~30 MHz: > 40dB
c. Insertion loss and transmission bandwidth of the intentional (communication or It is determined in the
RF) signal between the EUT and ancillary device ports, including characteristic impedance
system requirementsc .
d. The voltage distribution of the asymmetric circuit between the EUT and the measuring Typically 9.5 dBd
receiver port, which must be added to the reading of the

measuring receiver. e. Frequency range (1) emission (0.009) 0.15~30 MHz.
(2) Resistance Refer to KS C IEC 61000-4-6.

a: The asymmetric impedance of the pseudo-network is a 150 ÿ resistor in parallel with the choke and the ground bulkhead connector.
It is determined by electrostatic
capacity. b: Since the coaxial cable shield of the auxiliary device port is directly connected to the pseudo-network metal
box, decoupling attenuation will not be a problem of the pseudo-network itself. The emission (immunity) test device
must ensure minimum decoupling attenuation.
c: Characteristic impedance between shielding and internal conductors as well as insertion loss and transmission bandwidth of intentional
(telecommunication or RF) signals between EUT and auxiliary device ports are not the purpose of this standard. They should
be determined according to system requirements.
d: The pseudo-network shall be calibrated by measuring the voltage division factor with the test device of Figure F.2.
- 21 -
8 Pseudohand and series RC elements
8.1 Overview
In some product specifications, an artificial hand is required for EUTs where no metal part of the EUT is connected to ground and
which are normally portable. Additionally, plastic cases coated with conductive paint may require the use of an artificial hand. The
artificial hand is used in conducted emission tests to simulate the effects on the human hand being measured in the frequency
range of 150 Hz to 30 MHz (the most important frequencies are 5 to 30 MHz). Types of equipment evaluated by pseudo-hands
include electrical equipment, portable mixers, and household devices such as telephone handsets, joysticks, and keyboards.
8.2 Configuration of artificial hand and RC element
The pseudohand is made up of a thin (elongated) piece of metal of a specified size. These pieces of metal are usually wrapped or
secured in a special way around the accessible parts of the device.
The metal foil is connected to the reference point of the interference test equipment in the specified manner by means of an RC
component consisting of a resistor R = 510 ÿ ± 10 % and a capacitor C = 220 pF ± 20 % in series (Figure 9a).
The width of the metal foil strip used to simulate the impact of the user's hand around the device handle or body of the device is
typically 60 mm. In the case of the keyboard, metal foil or, more practical, 100
A metal plate with a maximum size of m×300 mm can be placed on top of the product. Examples are shown in Figures 9 and 10.
The length of the lead wire between the RC component and the metal foil is set to 1 m. If the test setup requires longer leads, the
total inductance of the leads should be less than 1.4 when the measurement frequency is near 30 MHz.
Considering the entire connected wire as one wire in free space, if the upper frequency range is 30 MHz in conducted emission
testing, the inductance of the wire should be less than 1.4. For
L a given length of wire, the minimum diameter d (in meters) of the
wire is calculated by the following equation:
L = l
(m/2ÿ)[ln(4/ ld ) - 1] (H)
From here,
ÿ = 4ÿ×10-7H/m
l ÿWire length (m) dÿ
Total diameter (m)
Remarks : When following the inductance requirement of 1.4 ÿH, the impedance of the RC network is sufficiently demonstrated at 30 MHz.
8.3 Use of the artificial hand
When the length of the wire does not exceed 1 m, the maximum length of the wire between the RC component and the ground plane
is generally satisfied. For example, the RC component can be placed as close as possible to a reference point or metal foil. The
correct choice depends on the characteristic impedance of the transmission line formed by the connected wire and its environment
and the internal common mode impedance of the (generally unknown) interference source of the metal foil. The frequency range of emission measure
If limited to MHz, the location of the RC component is not critical and the actual location of the RC component (from a reproducibility
point of view) is either within the pseudo-mains network or within the line impedance simulation network.
When measuring conducted emissions for a power source, the reference point is the ground plane of the artificial mains network
(AMN). When measuring emissions from signal or control lines, the reference point is the ground plane of the artificial mains
network (LISN). It is a general principle to be followed in the application of artificial hands that the terminal M of the RC component
should be connected to the metal foil surrounding all fixed and detachable handles supplied from the appliance and to non-rotating
exposed metal parts. Metal items coated with paint or lacquer are considered exposed and can be connected directly to the RC component.
The next item presents a detailed application of the pseudo hand.
a) The artificial hand is not required when the body of the device is made entirely of metal and is grounded. b) When
the body of the appliance is made of insulating material, metal foil shall be enclosed around handle B (Figure 9c) and the second
handle D (if any). Body C at the point where the iron core of the motor stator is located (Figure
- 22 -
9c) Metal foil 60 mm wide must be placed around the perimeter or around gearboxes showing a high level of
interference. All these types of metal foil and metal rings or bushings A (if any) must be connected together to
terminal M of the RC
component. c) When the case of the appliance is partly metal and partly insulating with insulating handles, metal
foil shall be enclosed around handles B and D (Figure 9c). When the case is not metal at the motor location, a
metal foil 60 mm wide shall be enclosed around the body C at the point where the iron core of the motor stator
is located or, alternatively, around the insulating load transmission gear with a high level of interference. The
metal foil around point A and handles B and D, which are metal parts, and the metal foil of body C must all be
connected to terminal M of the RC component.
d) When a class 2 (without grounding wire) appliance has two handles of insulators A and B and a case of metal C,
such as a chainsaw (Figure 9c), metal foil will have to surround the handles A and B. The metal foil and metal
body C at A and B must both be connected to terminal M of the RC component.
e) Figure 10 shows an example of a telephone handset and keyboard. In the case of hand sets, 60 mm foil should
surround the handle with some overlap. In the case of keyboards, the foil or PCB should be covered as
completely as possible. When using a PCB, the metal side must be placed on the keyboard. But 300
There is no need to exceed the size of mm×100 mm.
- 23 -
Figure 9a - RC device Figure 9b – Portable electric drill
Figure 9c – Portable chainsaw
Figure 9 - Application of artificial hand
- 24 -
Figure 10a - Application of the artificial hand to a telephone handset
Figure 10b - Application of artificial hand to a typical keyboard
The size of the artificial hand is as shown in the table below and includes metal foil.
The part of the equipment that is held by hand while working or at the maximum point of 4.
a) with a width of 60 mm andLgreater length
west
For keyboards, to cover the entire keys or to partially cover the keyboard when the size
b) 300 mm×100 mm of the keyboard is larger than the maximum size of the metal foil.
For this purpose, the size of the metal foil is made accordingly.
Figure 10 - Example of application of artificial hand to ITE
- 25 -
Annex A
(Rule)
pseudo power network

(Verse 4)
This annex describes information and data on artificial mains networks used for RF voltage measurements in the frequency range
9 kHz to 100 MHz and with a carrying capacity of up to 500 A. A V-type network for measuring the voltage between each
conductor of the supply power and reference ground, and a delta-type network for measuring the voltage between the
conductors of the supply power (symmetrical) and the voltage between the midpoint of the conductors of the supply power
and reference ground (asymmetrical). Explain.
A.1 General
The pseudo-mains network must supply the specified impedance over the operating frequency range. This circuitry must
sufficiently isolate spurious signals from the power supply (spurious signals should typically be at least 10 dB below the
measurement level of the measuring receiver). Also, make sure that power voltage is not supplied to the measuring
instrument. The circuit shall be equipped with these provisions on each conductor of the power supply (two-wire in single-
phase, four-wire in three-phase): a switch for connecting the receiver to the power conductor being measured and for
correctly terminating the other power conductors. The circuits shown below have these facilities. They are for the case of
single phase two wire power supply. Expansion for use on 4-wire 3-phase is simple.
A.2 Example of 50 ÿ/50 ÿH+5 ÿ V-type pseudo power network
Figure 4 shows a suitable circuit with the component values in Table A.1. L1, C1, R1, R4, and R5 define the impedance, and
L2, C2, and R2 provide isolation between spurious power signals and power impedance variations. C3 isolates the measuring
receiver from the mains voltage. It can be configured for use with currents up to 100 A.
Table A. Component values of 1 ÿ 50 ÿ/50 ÿH+5 ÿ network
Element value
R1 5 Oh
R2 10 ÿ
R3 1 000 ÿ
R4 50 ÿ
R5 50 ÿ (input impedance of measuring receiver)
C1 8 ÿF
C2 4 ÿF
C3 0.25 ÿF
L1 50 ÿF
L2 250 ÿF
In the lowest 9~150 kHz frequency range, C3's capacitance of 0.25 ÿF has a non-negligible impedance. Unless otherwise
specified, it will be necessary to correct this impedance.
C1 and C2 have large capacitance values, so for safety reasons, the circuit box must be firmly grounded to reference ground
or a power isolation transformer must be used.
L2 must have a Q value not less than 10 in the frequency range of 9 to 150 kHz. In practice, it is better to use an inductor
(common-core choke) connected in series with the live and neutral wires.
A.7 describes a suitable design for inductor L1. For devices requiring currents greater than 25 A, L2 design can be difficult.
In this case, the separation parts L2, C2, and R2 can be omitted. Due to this effect, in the frequency range below 150 kHz, the
impedance of the network may fall outside the tolerances specified in 4.2 and the isolation of power noise may not be
sufficient.
This circuit satisfies the conditions for a 50 ÿ/50 ÿH V-type pseudo power network given in 4.3.
A.3 Example of 50ÿ/50ÿH V-type pseudo power network
- 26 -
Figure 5 shows a circuit constructed with the element values given in Table A.2. L1, C1, R2, R3, and R4 define the
impedance. Unlike the previous example, the isolation part is not necessary because the circuit satisfies the impedance
standard value. However, when high supply noise occurs, the filter must reduce the spurious signal level. This network
can be designed for use with currents up to 100 A.
Table A.2 - Element values for 50 ÿ/50 ÿH network
Element value
R1 1 000 ÿ
R2 50 ÿ
R3 0ÿ
R5 0ÿ
C1 1 mF
C2 0.1 mF
L1 50 mF
Since C1 has a high capacitance value, for safety reasons, the circuit box must be firmly anchored to the ground or a
power isolation transformer must be used.
A.7 describes a suitable design for inductor L1.
- 27 -
A.4 Example of 50 ÿ/5ÿH+1 ÿ V-type pseudo power network
The circuit of Figure 5, configured with the component values given in Table A.3, can be used for a frequency range of
150 kHz to 30 MHz and currents up to 400 A.
Table A.3 - Element values of V-type network of 50 ÿ/5 ÿH+1 ÿ
Element value
R1 1 000 ÿ
R2 50 ÿ
R3 0ÿ
R5 1 Oh
C1 2 ÿF (minimum)
C2 0.1ÿF
L1 5ÿF
An alternative circuit with alternative component values is given in Figure A.1. It is available for a frequency range of
150 kHz to 100 MHz and currents up to 500 A.
Coat Details:
5 ÿH, 18 turns, ÿ 6 mm winding on 50 mm diameter former. Tapping points are 3, 5, 9, and 13.5 turns.
Figure A. 1 - Example of 50 ÿ/5 ÿH+1 ÿ pseudo-mains network for

devices used with low impedance power sources.
- 28 -
A.5 Example of 150 ÿ V-type pseudo power network
Figure 5 shows a suitable circuit. Element values are given in Table A.4.
Table A.4 - Element values of 150 ÿ V-type network
Element value
R1 1 000 ÿ
R2 150 ÿ
R3 100 Ohms
R4 50 ÿ (input impedance of the meter)
R5 0ÿ
C1 1 ÿF
C2 0.1ÿF
L1 random value
A.6 Example of 150 ÿ delta-type pseudo power network
Figure A.2 shows a suitable circuit. Element values are given in Table A.5.
Device connection during P test

1 symmetry element
2 Asymmetric elements
Figure A.2 – Example of pseudo power network (delta) for measuring equipment with unbalanced inputs
- 29 -
Table A.5 - Component values of 150 ÿ delta-type network
Element value
R1, R2 118.7(120) ÿ
R3, R5 152.9(150) Oh
R4 390.7(390) Oh
R6, R7 275.7(270) Oh
R8, R9 22.8(22) ÿ
$10, $1 107.8(110) ÿ
R12 50 ÿ
C1, C2 0.1 ÿF
L,C Select appropriately to obtain specific impedance value
NOTE 1 It is assumed that the ratio of the number of turns of the unbalanced transformer to the balanced transformer is 1:2.5 at the center tap.
Remark 2 Resistance values in parentheses are the most commonly used values (±5% error).
The calculated values provide the performance of the network as follows. The value in parentheses is obtained using the resistance
value in parentheses.
attenuation: Symmetric 20 (20) dB

Asymmetric 20 (19.9) dB
Network impedance: Symmetric 150 (150) ÿ Asymmetric
150 (148) ÿ
A.7 Design example of pseudo power network with 50 ÿH inductor
A.7.1 Inductor
In Figure A.3, the solenoid of the inductor consists of a single layer of 35 turns of 6 mm diameter copper wire stripped of 8 mm
on an insulating coil winding. Its inductance value is more than 50 ÿH outside the metal box and 50 ÿH inside.
Resistor R (430 ÿ±10 %) is connected to the taps at 4 and 8, 12 and 16, 20 and 24, and 26 and 32. Inductance is 50 ÿH±10%.
Figure A.3 - Schematic diagram of a 50 ÿH inductor
The diameter of the inductor is 130 mm. To improve the electric force stability of the winding, a 3 mm deep spiral groove should
be made in the coil winding. And the conductor must be placed in this groove.
The high-frequency characteristics of the inductor are improved by dividing the winding into sections. The four turns of each
winding are alternately short-circuited with a 430 ÿ resistor. This serves to suppress resonance within the inductor, which
would otherwise cause the input impedance to deviate from a certain value at certain frequencies.
- 30 -
A.7.2 Examples of inductors
The inductor and other elements of the network are mounted on a metal body covered with a metal cover. The bottom and side covers are
perforated to improve heat dissipation. The dimensions of the case are 360 mm × 300 mm × 180 mm and the general shape is given in Figure A.4.
NOTE It is recommended that the load termination of the network be located as close as possible to the edge of the box end so that two or more
networks are assembled from this terminal to the socket with a short lead wire used for coupling the equipment under test.
Figure A.4 – Schematic diagram of the pseudo power network
A.7.3 Separation of the inductor
Figure A.5 shows the attenuation of the signal in the power supply network when the inductor is used as in Figure 4 without the isolation parts
L2, C2 and R2. Attenuation is determined as the attenuation between the power supply terminals and the terminals of the radio interference
measurement instrument. For curve 1, the internal impedance of the signal generator at the power terminal is 50 ÿ. In curve 2, the internal
impedance of the signal generator varies depending on the rated value of the input impedance of the artificial mains network, as given in Figure
A.5.
- 31 -
- 32 -
A.8 Measurement of voltage division ratio of V-type artificial power network
The voltage division factor can be determined according to the test setup given in Figure A.6a and Figure
A.6b for the V-type network. This should be measured on each line with each internal connection (i.e. manual
or automatic switching configuration) using a probe network analyzer or signal generator with high impedance
(low capacitance) and a measuring receiver or RF voltmeter. All lines from the EUT terminal that are not
connected to the RF terminal must be terminated with 50 ÿ.
Figure A.6a – Test setup for standardization of network analyzers
Figure A.6b – Test setup to measure voltage division factor using a network analyzer
Since the EUT port exhibits a frequency-dependent input impedance, the network analyzer needs to be
normalized using the voltage level measured at the EUT terminal.
When using a signal generator and RF voltmeter with a high impedance probe, the
- 33 -
While determining the voltage division factor based on two consecutive measurements, the EUT terminals should be
connected via a 50 ÿ pad and the RF terminals should be terminated with a 50 ÿ load.
The structure of the adapter used at the EUT terminal is important for calibration. The connection should provide low
impedance and the T-connector should be placed as close as possible to the EUT terminal and the ground terminal. An
accurate 50 ÿ source and a 10 dB pad are used to provide low impedance for accurate measurements.
Each wire from the power terminals must be terminated 50 ÿ relative to the chassis.
For a 150 ÿ V-type network, the voltage distribution between the EUT terminals and the measuring receiver terminals, i.e.
150 ÿ/50 ÿ, should be considered.
- 34 -
Annex B
(reference)
Structure, frequency range and calibration of current probes

(Verse 5)
B.1 Physical and electrical considerations for current probes
The physical size of a current probe is a function of the maximum size of the cable to be measured, the maximum supply current
flowing in the cable, and the signal frequency range to be measured.
A current probe is usually shaped like a toroid with the conductor to be measured located within the central passage
of the toroid. Current requirements and manufacturers' specifications indicate that the central channel can vary from
2 mm to 30 cm in diameter. The secondary winding is located on the toroid in a way to facilitate the clamp-on function
of the probe. The toroid's core and windings are surrounded by shielding to prevent static electricity generation. The
shield has a gap to prevent the winding from being shorted as a converter.
A typical current probe for disturbance measurements has 7 or 8 secondary windings. The number of turns is at an
optimized turns ratio to ensure maximized flat frequency range and insertion impedance of 1 ÿ or less. For frequencies
below 100 kHz, thin-walled silicon iron cores are used. Ferrite magnetic core is 100~400
It is used at kHz and air core is used from 200 to 1 000 MHz with balanced magnetic core or unbalanced 50 ÿ output
transducer. Figure B.1 shows the structure of a typical current probe.
Current probes are commonly used as detection devices for disturbance measurements. Therefore, it is designed so
that the disturbance current appears as a voltage that can be detected by the instrument. The sensitivity of a current
probe is conveniently expressed in terms of transfer impedance. Transfer impedance is defined as the ratio of
secondary voltage (typically across a 50 ÿ resistive load) to primary current. Transfer admittance is often used instead.
The overall sensitivity of the current probe and interference signal receiver is also a function of the receiver sensitivity.
The minimum detectable disturbance current flowing in a conductor is the ratio of the receiver sensitivity (V) to the
current probe transfer impedance (ÿ). For example, when a 1 ÿV receiver and a current probe with a transfer impedance
of 10 ÿ are used, the minimum measurable disturbance current is 0.1 ÿA. However, if a 10 ÿV receiver and a current
probe with a transfer impedance of 1 ÿ are used, the minimum measurable disturbance current is 10 ÿA. To obtain
maximum sensitivity, the transfer impedance should be as large as possible.
Transmission T is often expressed as 1 ÿ = 0 dB. This is 1 ÿV or 1 ÿA expressed as 0 dB.

WITH
impedance is a convenient unit for general disturbance waves ( T can be obtained as 20 log T).
WITH WITH
- 35 -
Figure B.1 – Structure of a typical current probe
- 36 -
B.2 Equivalent electric circuit of current probe
The current probe can be represented by an exact equivalent circuit from general transducer theory. There is no need to cover the
circuit here as it appears in many standard textbooks1 . If we simplify the exact circuit as much as possible and derive the equation,
the transfer impedance is as follows.
oh M
2 2 2 2/1
In case of high frequency: Tÿ
WITH
[( oh
L/R ) + (oh
LC 1) ]
ÿ
2
For intermediate frequencies: TÿMRL/L,(
WITH LCwÿ1)
ohM
2 2/1
In case of low frequency: Tÿ
WITH
[( oh L/RL ) +1]
From here,
T
WITH Transfer impedance
M Mutual inductance between primary and secondary
L windings Inductance of
RL secondary winding Secondary load
C impedance (typically 50
In ÿ) Secondary distributed capacitance Angular frequency (radian/second)
From this equation, we get the following result:
a) The maximum transfer impedance for a constant load impedance at intermediate frequencies is constant (for the secondary
RLinductance
Proportional to the ratio of mutual inductance (
is constant). b) The high-frequency half power point is where the reactance of the secondary distributed capacitance is equal to the load resistance.
It occurs when the same
B.3 Adverse effects of current probe measurements
Since current probes are inherently toroidal transducers, the secondary impedance is converted to primary impedance. For an 8-turn
secondary winding and a 50 ÿ load, the insertion impedance is approximately 1 ÿ. If the source impedance and the load impedance to
be measured are combined to be greater than 1 ÿ, the current probe does not significantly change the primary current flow. However, if
the sum of the circuit's source impedance and load impedance is less than the insertion impedance, the current probe changes the
primary current significantly.
An example application of a current probe is to measure disturbance currents flowing in primary power lines up to 300 A direct current
or 100 A alternating current. Current probes can also be used near devices that can generate strong external magnetic fields. The
current probe transfer impedance should not be altered by current or magnetic flux in these power lines. Therefore, the magnetic circuit
must be designed to avoid saturation. The frequency of the current supplying alternating current power is 20 Hz to 15 kHz, so current
probe output in this frequency range may damage the input circuitry of the associated receiver. This can be solved by inserting a
frequency rejection filter between the current probe and the receiver. Figure B.2 shows a high-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 9
kHz.
Figure B.2 - High-pass filter with cutoff frequency of 9 kHz
1 MIT Staff: Magnetic Circuits and Transformers, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1947.
- 37 -
B.4 Frequency response characteristics of current probe
Figure B.3 shows typical frequency response characteristics of a current probe with passbands of a) 100 to 100 MHz, b) 30 to 300 MHz, and
c) 200 to 1 000 MHz.
B.5 Current probe with shielded structure
Current probes with the added shielding structure used in current probes such as copper and brass are used to measure asymmetric
(common mode) or symmetric (differential mode) disturbance currents. This method can be used from 100 kHz to 20 MHz. This method
features a high-pass filter built into the supplemented RF current probe. The reason for using a high-pass filter is to remove power
frequency current from the output of the current probe. The layout of this test is given in CISPR 16-2-1.
B.5.1 Theoretical model
A current test device using a pseudo-mains network is shown in Figure B.4a.
The components of the disturbance current are as follows:
I 1
current in a live conductor
I 2
Current in neutral conductor
I C
asymmetric current
I D
symmetrical current
note I I
2 Assume that there is no phase difference between them. This applies to lead wires less than 1 m or frequencies less than 30 MHz.
This is the case in section 1.
From Figures B.4a and B.4b, the current has the following relationship:
=
I 1 I I C+ D
=
I 2 ICÿ I D
I I I
21+ C= 2
I D
=
I1ÿ I 2
- 38 -
Figure B.3 – Typical current probe impedance (see Annex B.4)
- 39 -
Figure B.4a – CISPR test circuit for current
Figure B.4b – Test circuit to separate common (asymmetric) and differential (symmetric) mode noise
The current probe is Iconnected

1, I to the conductor so that the sum of two gives an asymmetric current output. On the other hand, the
current difference produces an output related only to the symmetrical current. Due to the factor 2 in the equation for asymmetric current,
6 dB of the measured value must be corrected for asymmetric current (see Figure B.4b).
B.5.2 Shielding structure composition
Additional required shielding is shown in Figure B.5. The dimensions shown are for a current probe with a central core of 51 mm
diameter. For current probes of other sizes, simply adjust the appropriate magnification to suit the dimensions. unit:
Figure B.5 – Shielding structure using current transducer

(Material must be highly conductive, e.g. copper or bronze)
This structure determines the location of the additional shielding due to external coupling to the unshielded conductor in the current
probe when the output is grounded at one end. The conductor is insulated to a width of 0.75 mm2, twisted into strands, placed across the
hole, and fitted to the input terminal of the lead wire shielded from the main power supply network. The center line of the shield is
tightly fixed in the slot and made with insulating tape to align with the current probe when the assembly is closed.
When shielding, the face of the lead wire is placed vertically at a point that is half the length of the conductor. The shielding structure
shown in Figure B.5 insulates the current probe case from the current probe case to prevent shorting when covering.
B.5.3 High-pass filter
If necessary, a high-pass filter is inserted between the current probe and the measurement receiver. This filter becomes part of the
measuring receiver (see Figures B.2 and B.4b).
- 40 -
B.6 Calibration of current probes
Calibration of the current probe consists of a jig consisting of one half of each coaxial adapter. If the current probe is
properly constructed, the calibration consists of a coaxial cable consisting of an outer conductor surrounding the current
probe and an inner conductor passing through the probe opening (see Figure B.8).
The equivalent calibration circuit is shown in Figure B.6. If the coaxial cable is properly matched, the current IP through the
inner conductor is calculated by measuring the line voltage V1 . In order to construct an ideal coaxial cable when designing
a jig, it must be taken into account that the shielding of the main body, that is, the probe, is metal. If the voltage output of
the current probe is V2, the transfer admittance is obtained by the following equation.
k = IN 1
ÿ
IN2ÿ34
From here,
k Transfer admittance in dB(s)

IN
1
RF voltage in dB (mV)
IN
2 Probe output voltage in dB (mV)
Factor 34 is the load impedance of 50 ÿ.
Transfer admittance kis the current IPUsed to calculate .
=
I
P IN k
p+
From here,
IP ÿ
dB(mA)
VP ÿ
dB(mV)
k ÿ
dB(s)
Figure B.6 – Schematic diagram of the circuit with coaxial adapter and current probe measuring current probe factor k
Figure B.6 – Schematic diagram of the circuit with coaxial adapter and current probe measuring current probe factor k
- 41 -
Figure B.8a – Return loss
50 ÿ and the return loss of the coaxial adapter terminated inside the current probe or this current probe
is terminated at 50 ÿ.
Figure B.8b – Current probe between two coaxial adapters
- 42 -
Annex C
(reference)
Structure of a coupling device for current injection in the frequency range of 0.15 to 30 MHz
(Verse 6)
C.1 Type A coupling device for coaxial antenna input
The schematic and configuration are similar to the Type A device in Figure C.1, except that the inductance value is 280 ÿH.
Configuration of the 280 ÿH inductor
Core: two ferrite rings, material 4C6 or equivalent material, i.e. outer diameter 36 mm, inner diameter 23
mm and 30 mm thick rings are placed together.
Winding: Fully shielded compact coaxial cable, e.g. UT-34 (outer insulation with outer diameter 1.5 mm)
28 turns of plastic insulated wire (diameter 0.9 mm).
C.2 Type M coupling device for power cables
The two inductors are 560 ÿH each C1ÿ0.1 ÿF, CThe circuit diagram and configuration are as shown in Figure 2, except that 2 = 0.47 ÿF.
and are similar to the M-type device in C.2.
Configuration of the 560 ÿH inductor
Core: Two ferrite rings, material 4C6 or equivalent material, outer diameter 36 mm, inner diameter 23 mm, 30 mm thick rings put
together.
Winding: 40 turns of insulated copper conductor with an outer diameter of 1.5 mm.
- 43 -
- 44 -
- 45 -
C.3 L-shaped coupling device for loudspeaker leads
The circuit diagram and configuration shows two separate inductance values of 560 ÿH. Similar to the L type shown
C = 0.1 ÿF and
1 C in Figure C.3, = 0.47 ÿF.
2
Configuration of the 560 ÿH choke
Core: one ferrite ring, material 4C6 or equivalent, outer diameter 36 mm, inner diameter 23 mm, 15
Put mm-thick rings together.
Winding: 56 turns of insulated copper conductor with a diameter of 0.4 mm.
Characteristics of remark magnetic ferrite type 4C6
Relative initial permittivity I = 120

ÿloss factor At 2 MHz tanÿ/ÿI < 40, at 10 MHz tanÿ/ÿI < 100
Resistance ÿ = 10 kÿm
Section 4-5-6-8-9: See Type A unit.

17 Insulated banana jack 18 2
inductances of 60 ÿH each
For each inductance

core: One ferrite ring, type 4C6, 36 mm
Phi × 23 mm ×Phi
15 mm insulated
Winding: copper wire, number of turns 20
Mounting of inductance
with an outer diameter of 2.8 mm: see type M device
C1 = 10 nF
C2 = 47 nF
Figure C.3 – Example of combined L-shaped device for speaker wire
(see D.2)
- 46 -
C.4 Sw-type coupling device for voice frequency signals
The circuit diagram and configuration are similar to the Sw type shown in Figure C.4 except that the inductance value at C.1 is
280 ÿH. Shielded cables may be for voice frequencies, but their diameter should not be larger than 2.1 mm.
NOTE If the two stereo signal cables of the equipment under test are connected together, the type A coupling device described
in C.1 may be used for this purpose.
Part 4-5-6-8-9: See Type A devices

19 Cinch or DIN socket 20 30 ÿH
inductance
core: One ferrite ring, form 4C6, 36 mm ×

Phi number of Phi 23 mm×15 mm
Winding: turns in shielded twisted pair: 14:
Outer diameter of cable insulation 2.8 mm
Loading of inductance: see Type A devices
Figure C.4 – Example of a Sw-type coupling device for speech

signals (see D.2)
- 47 -
C.5 Sw-type combination device for audio, video and control signals
The circuit diagram and configuration are similar to the Sw type shown in Figure C.5 except that the two inductance
values in C.2 are 560 ÿH. Cables with three conductors have an outer diameter not greater than 1.5 mm. It uses two
UT-20 type (0.6 mm diameter) micro coaxial cables and 0.3 mm diameter copper wire with insulation.
Part 4-5-6-8-9: See Type A devices

21 Multi-pin connector (e.g. 7-pin DIN socket) 22 2
inductances of 60 ÿH each. Each inductance is
core: One ferrite ring, form 4C6,

ÿ 36 mm×ÿ 23 mm×15 mm Number of
turns of cable with 3 lead wires: 20:
Winding: Cable: Two micro coaxial cables, UT-34, external ÿ
0.9 mm + one copper wire, ÿ 0.4 mm, varnish insulation
External Tube external ÿ 2.4 mm
Insulation: Mounting of Inductance: See M type device
C = 1 nF (or more, if acceptable by the signal source)
Figure C.5 – Example of a Sw-type combining device for audio, video and
control signals (see D.2)
- 48 -
Annex D
(reference)
Examples and operating principles of coupling devices for measuring conduction current immunity
(Verse 6)
D.1 Operating principle
The operating principle is shown in Figure D.1. The inductance L represents a high impedance to the injected disturbance current. Filter 2
isolates L /C
the CLessonconditions
test device (desired signal generator or auxiliary equipment). 2 can be replaced by a short circuit if AC/DC 1
C allow. The
nuisance signal delivered from a generator with an internal resistance of 50 ÿ is injected via a 100 ÿ resistor 1 and a blocking capacitor 1 (if
R cable .
necessary) onto the shield of the lead wire or coaxial
C
D.2 Device types and their configuration
The following combination types are used:
Type A: RF coaxial devices are used for coaxial leads carrying the desired signal in the RF frequency range. The configuration
is detailed in Figure C.1. A 100 ÿ resistor (constituting a 150 ÿ power impedance from a 50 ÿ interfering signal source) is
connected to the shield of the coaxial output connector on the instrument.
Type M: These are used in power lines. The configuration is shown in Figure C.2. Insertion of the disturbing current is done
asymmetrically through an equivalent resistance of 100 ÿ on both lead wires. This device is similar to a delta-type
pseudomains network and exhibits symmetrical and asymmetric equivalent resistance impedances of 150 ÿ when viewed
from the terminals of the test equipment.
Type L: It is used in loudspeaker leads. The configuration is detailed in Figure C.3. The impedance of the disturbing power
source is arranged like an M-type device.
Sr type and Sw type: These are used for voice, video, and other auxiliary lines. These are multi-pin units with:
It must be suitable for various pin numbers and various connector arrangements.
Sw type: They provide a path through which audio, video, control or other signals may require filtering to ensure that interfering
signals are directed to the EUT. The detailed configuration is shown in the picture
This is shown in C.4, which shows simple filtering provided to the audio signal of two shielded wires wound around a
toroid. In the case of multi-lead cables, for construction reasons it may be necessary to separate the leads of the cable
before winding it onto the toroid in Figure C.5. In both cases, the disturbance current is injected via the 100 ÿ resistance
of the shield and a capacitor connected to the other (unshielded) lead. This is necessary for cases where there are no
requirements for the signal path.
Senior: Every run of the cable is terminated with a matched load resistance. The detailed configuration is shown in Figure D.2.
The disturbance current is connected to the ground pin of the connector on the screen (ground) and the load resistance ( 1 to
n) via a 100 ÿ resistor. It should be noted that coupling devices of the type R R C.4 and C.5, terminated with
shown in Figures
the correct load resistance, may be used for this purpose.
If the source impedance of the disturbance generator is not 50 ÿ, the value of the series resistor is adjusted to achieve the required 150 ÿ
impedance.
The RF choke coils in Figures C.1 to D.2 have an inductance value of 30 ÿH or 2 × 60 ÿH in parallel and 1.5 to 150 ÿH.
It is sufficient in the frequency range of MHz. For the frequency range of 0.15 to 30 MHz, the inductance value is 280 ÿH or in parallel 2 × 560 ÿH.
Annex M shows its composition.
They must be carefully placed to keep the parasitic capacitance on the device's output terminals as small as possible. The metal case of the
device must be carefully connected to the ground plane using large copper sections and unpainted case sections.
- 49 -
- 50 -
6-8-9: 23 See Type A devices

24 Metal case 100 mm × 55 mm × 55 mm multi-pin
connector or DIN socket
R1~Rn matched load resistance
yes: Combination device Sr for audio equipment
Phonograph Magnetic type: 2×2.2 kÿ

Crystal oscillator type: 2×470 kÿ
Microphone: 2×600 ÿ Tuner: 2×47 kÿ
Tape recorder: 4×47 kÿ Audio input/

output: 4×47 kÿ
Figure D.2 – Combined device of type Sr with load resistance (see D.2)
- 51 -
Annex E
(Rule)
Parametric measurements and examples for asymmetric pseudonetworks (AANs)
E.1 Example of AAN: T-network
a 1,RG b
Figure E.1 shows an example of an AAN, a T-network with terminal 1 connected to a conductor pair in the signal port of the EUT and connected to
reference ground or, if available, to safety ground or another ground connector on the EUT.
a2 andthem,
The symmetrical signal required for correct operation of the EUT is connected to terminal 2. Among b Choke 1 can measure each asymmetric
Lelement that causes interference. Both windings are designed to prevent symmetrical current flow due to their high impedance. On the other hand ,
in the case of asymmetric current ( flowing in M), the impedance is very small. R
R current
The terminating impedance of a network with an asymmetric disturbance voltage of 150 ÿ is determined by T (50 ÿ) in parallel with the asymmetric
R
and M (50 ÿ) in series. Resistance R
M is usually the input impedance of the measuring receiver. In this case, the value displayed on the measuring
instrument is typically 9.5 dB lower than the actual asymmetry value at the end of the EUT. capacitor
LBlocking DC current affects the characteristics of 1.
CT is caused by damage or saturation of resistance in the circuit network.
Typically, the AAN is placed between the EUT and the associated equipment.
E.1 Parameter measurements of asymmetric pseudonetwork (AAN)
The following methods are used as measurement procedures for the parameters specified in the decision to comply with the requirements of 7.1.
a) Terminating impedance
a
Termination by alternately configuring open b 1
This impedance between and termination RG should be checked with 2 at termination
and short circuits for terminal 1, which is connected to each other (see Figure E.2). a2, bRG to ground.
b) Longitudinal Conversion Loss
This loss in the Y network is measured according to Figure E.3c. A network analyzer (NWA) whose output signal enters the LCL probe must
have a residual conversion loss at least 10 dB higher than the LCL required for AAN. See Figure E.3a for verification of the LCL probe and
Figure E.3b for calibration.
c) Decoupling attenuation
Decoupling attenuation is measured according to Figure E.4.
d) Insertion loss in symmetrical circuit
Insertion loss for symmetrical circuits is measured according to Figure E.5.
Two LCL probes can be used as balloons for insertion loss testing of Y networks. Two identical balloons are connected in series to
determine their own insertion loss. The balloon is designed to have an insertion loss of less than 1 dB from 0.15 to 30 MHz.
e) Voltage division of asymmetric circuits (correction of Y networks)
The voltage division ratio of an asymmetric circuit is measured according to Figure E.6.
f) Symmetric load impedance and transmission bandwidth
This coefficient is defined by the system. The Y network has a constant impedance over the transmission bandwidth.
- 52 -
Optimize. Transmission bandwidth is measured with a constant symmetrical load impedance according to the test setup
in Figure E.5.
Figure E.1 – Example of a T-network
NOTE: When the AAN is composed of higher order (i.e. more than one pair of cables), all wires of the EUT port are respectively
connected to the AE port.
Figure E.2 - Layout for terminating impedance measurement
- 53 -
ÿ ÿ (+
RRR ) ÿ
WITH ÿ
= 1 2 3
ÿ
NOTE Specified symmetrical impedance of AAN ÿ
RRR
++
ÿ
and 150 ÿ asymmetric impedance. R 1ÿ
ÿ 1 2 3 ÿ
When finished with the LCL p circuit consisting of R2 and R3 (R2+R3), the probe ideally produces 20 dB residual LCL.
or greater than the largest LCL measured (e.g. Z = 100 ÿ: R1=120 ÿ, R2=R3=300 ÿ).
The LCL probe must be driven with a Z/4 asymmetric power impedance.
for example, WITH = 100 ÿ, /4 = 25 ÿ

WITH
For optimal reproducibility, the LCL probe should maximize the ÿ circuit situation compared to the balanced terminals of
the LCL probe.
AND
Definition: (LCL) = 20lg dB (ITU-T Recommendation G.117)
IN
The LCL probe must be configured for LCL to be measured using the original network analyzer. An example of an LCL
probe is described in [1]1.
Figure E.3a – Circuit diagram for LCL probe verification
= (R//sym
Z) 4+ R + Z cal
note LCL L dB 20lg
2( Rsym
Z // )
Per Figure E.3c, the LCL measurement uncertainty is affected by the accuracy of the L circuit and LCL probe values.
Changes in the condition of the LCL probe relative to the L circuit will show calibration uncertainty.
1 The figures in parentheses refer to the bibliography at the end of this annex.
- 54 -
Rsym = 100 ÿ
Take the L circuit as an example, with impedance Z = 100 ÿ and
Rcal = 750 ÿ will result in an LCL of 29.97 dB (i.e., approximately 30 dB).
Figure E.3b – Test circuit for LCL probe compensation (L circuit)
NOTE 1 See Figure E.3a for LCL definition.

NOTE 2 Depends on the proximity between the measured LCL and the existing LCL of the probe.
NOTE 3 If AAN is of higher order (more than one pair of lines), the LCL of each pair is tested and the remaining pairs are
finalized with common mode impedance in case there is any effect on theWITHmeasured pair.
Figure E.3c – Test setup for LCL measurement of AAN
Figure E.4 - AAN decoupling attenuation (isolation) test layout for asymmetric signals between AE port and EUT port
- 55 -
The description of the separation attenuation must satisfy each position of Sw1. If AAN is high order (when there is
a vdiv refers to the voltage
more than one pair of wires), then all wires of the EUT port are connected to each AE port.
division ratio as measured in accordance with Figure E.6.
NOTE If the AAN is of higher order (i.e. more than one pair of cables), each pair must be tested individually.
Figure E.5 - Test setup for insertion loss of AAN (if symmetrical)
NOTE If the AAN consists of a higher order (i.e. more than one pair of cables), all wires from the EUT port are
respectively connected to the AE port.
Figure E.6 - Calibration test setup for AAN voltage division factor in asymmetric circuit:
E.3 Reference documents
[1] MACFARLANE, IP. A Probe for the Measurement of Electrical Unbalance of Networks and
Devices. IEEE Trans. EMC, Feb. 1999, Vol.41, No.1, p.3-14.
- 56 -
Annex F
(Rule)
Example of measurement of AN medium using coaxial cable and other shielded cables
F.1 AN for coaxial and other shielded cables
Figure F.1 shows an example of a coaxial cable AN equipped with an internal common mode choke, formed by a miniature
coaxial cable (either a miniature semi-rigid solid copper shield or a miniature double-braided shielded coaxial cable) wound
on a ferrite toroid.
In cases where high shield attenuation is not required, internal common mode chokes are made using two windings of a
central conducting wire and an insulated shielded conducting wire on a common magnetic core (for example, a ferrite toroid).
In the case of multiple conductive shielded cables, the internal common mode choke can be made using multiple strands of
insulated signal wire or windings of insulated shielded conductive wire, or using multiple conductive shielded cable windings
on a common mode magnetic core.
F.2 Measurement of AN media using coaxial cables and other shielded cables
a) Terminating impedance
The impedance between the coaxial shield of the blocking connector (no cable under test connected) and the
reference ground connector is measured at the receiving port with a termination impedance of 50 ÿ.
b) voltage division factor
The voltage division factor of AN is measured according to Figure F.2.
- 57 -
AE Auxiliary
Equipment EUT Test Equipment =
Equipment Under Test
Rx Measurement Receiver Common Mode Choke Lcm > 1.4 mH, Total Parasitic Series Capacitance C < 1pF
Figure F.1 – Example of coaxial cable AN
Figure F.2 – AN voltage distribution factor for coaxial and shielded cables
- 58 -
Annex G
(reference)
Structure and evaluation of capacitive voltage probes

(Section 5.2.2)
G.0 Introduction
This annex provides examples of calibration methods for capacitive voltage probes (CVP). Other calibration methods may be used if
their uncertainties are equivalent to those of the calibration methods in this annex.
G.1 Physical and electrical considerations for capacitive voltage probes
Figure G.1 shows the configuration of a capacitive voltage probe. It consists of two coaxial electrodes, a ground termination, cable
installation, and an impedance conversion amplifier. The external electrode is used as an electrostatic shield to reduce measurement
errors caused by electrostatic coupling of cables arranged side by side.
The equivalent circuit of the probe is shown in Figure G.2. When voltage exists between the cable and the ground, static electricity
is induced and an induced voltage is generated between the internal and external electrodes. This voltage is detected by a high
impedance input amplifier and converted to low impedance in an impedance conversion amplifier. The output is measured by a
measuring receiver.
G.2 Determination of the frequency response of the voltage division factor
Figure G.3 shows the test setup used to determine the frequency response of a capacitive voltage probe. This probe is verified
according to the following procedure:
a) Prepare the same type of cable as used in the test product.
NOTE If three or four types of cables are used in the probe, cables of the representative types can be used for calibration
The spread of results must be determined. However, it is Butand ) can be calculated using equation (G.3).
desirable to measure the voltage
But division ratio of each cable.
b) Place the calibration device on the reference ground plane as shown in Figure G.3.
c) Connect both ends of the cable to the internal ports (port 1, port 2) of the calibration instrument (see Figure G.3).
d) Insert the probe into the calibration unit and adjust the position of the cable so that it passes through the center.
CAUTION If the end of the plate of the calibration instrument is too close to the end of the voltage probe, stray capacitance
will increase, which may adversely affect calibration at high frequencies. Conversely, if the end of the voltage
probe is too far from the end of the calibration instrument plate, standing waves may be created inside the
calibration instrument at high frequencies. These standing waves can have an adverse effect on calibration.
e) Connect the probe ground port to the internal ground port of the calibration instrument. Connect the external ground port of
the calibration instrument to the reference ground plate. The ground wire should have low inductance, be as short as
possible, and be located far from the voltage probe opening.
f) Connect a signal generator with an output impedance of 50 ÿ to the external port of port 1 through a 10 dB attenuator.
Connect.
g) Connect a level instrument with an input impedance of 50 ÿ to the external port of Port 2 and terminate the external port of
the probe with 50 ÿ. Measure level V over the specified frequency range.
h) Connect the level instrument to the external port of the probe and terminate port 2 with 50 ÿ. Measure the specified frequency.
level in range IN
i) Voltage division factor from measured values Fa = 20 log10| IN/ IN | is calculated in dB units.
- 59 -
G.3 Measurement methods to determine the influence of external electric fields
G.3.1 Effect of external electric fields
The influence of external electric fields appears through electrostatic coupling with other cables in close proximity to
the probe. Figure G.4 shows the electrostatic coupling model and its equivalent circuit. The common VX mode voltage
of cable
IN#2 and the voltage of cable #1 appear at the input terminal CXand of
C the high impedance voltage probe through the
capacitance, as shown in Figure G.4 a). Electrostatic shielding CX should be used to reduce electrostatic coupling due
to . However, as shown in Figure G.4 b), due to the imperfection of electrostatic shielding, the influence CX of external
electric fields due to electrostatic coupling between external electrodes and other cables (¢) still exists. G.3.2 shows
a measurement procedure to evaluate the effects of electrostatic Zs coupling between external electrodes andINIs VX
other
cables. | It should be noted that unless |ÿ|1/(jÿCc)| , it is affected by voltage.
G.3.2 Measurement methods to determine the influence of external electric fields
The effect of external electric fields due to electrostatic coupling due to limited electrostatic shielding is measured using the test
device shown in Figure G.5. The measurement procedure is as follows.
a) Voltage division ratio by method of G.2 But= 20 log10| IN/ IN Measure |

b) Place the capacitive voltage probe next to the cable so that the distance “s” is equal to 1 cm (see Figure
G.5). c) Connect the probe's ground port to the unit's internal ground port. Connect the unit's external ground port
to a reference ground
plane. d) Connect a signal generator with an input impedance of 50 ÿ to the external port of port 1 through a 10 dB attenuator.
Connect.
e) Connect a measurement receiver with an input impedance of 50 ÿ to the external port of port 2 and measure the
Terminate the port with 50 ÿ. level in the specified frequency range INexternal s of
the probe. f) Connect the measurement receiver to the external port of the probe and terminate the external port
Level g) Reduction of influence from Usof port 2 with
Fs But50Vs ÿ. Measure. Find /(/).
ÿ
measured values in the specified frequency range Us
- 60 -
G.4 Pulse response
A capacitive voltage probe is deployed as part of a measurement system that includes a nuisance receiver. This does not affect
the performance of the measuring receiver described in Section 4. Because capacitive voltage probes contain active circuitry,
the probe's response to pulses must be measured. This response is measured using a pulse generator for band B as described
in Annex B and C of KS C CISPR 16-1-1.
Remarks: It is difficult to measure pulse response using a pulse generator. Linearity is measured by testing the pulse capacity
of the probe with a CW signal with the same peak value as the peak value of the pulse. This is possible because the
probe does not contain a detector or band-pass filter. The coaxial cable used between the signal generator and the test
device may require an attenuator to minimize the amplitude of the reflected signal. An attenuator is not needed unless
there is a need to stabilize the frequency response.
The impulse response of the pulse generator is 0.316 (mVs) in the range of 0.15 to 30 MHz, as shown in Table B.1 of KS C CISPR
16-1-1. The spectrum of the pulse generator signal is practically constant up to 30 MHz. The pulse width t is approximately given
by:
t = 1/(ÿ m) f (G.1)
fIf m is 30 MHz, ÿ is 0.010 6 ÿs.
The pulse amplitude A is given by:
= 0.316/t = 29.8VA (G.2)
This means that the capacitive voltage probe maintains linearity up to 30 V.
Linearity is achieved by varying the voltage distribution ratio while varying the amplitude of the signal generator up But It V.
to 30 can be tested by measuring .
G.5 Voltage division factor dependence
The voltage distribution of a capacitive voltage probe depends on the location and radius of the test cable at the inner electrode
of the CVP. Voltage share values are needed to measure disturbance, but calculating the voltage share for each cable type can
be difficult. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cable configuration on voltage distribution ratio.
The voltage division ratio dependence was investigated using measurements and theoretical analysis. Figure G.6 shows the
variation of the voltage division factor when the cable position within the electrode changes. In Figure G.6, “a” is the radius of
the cable, “b” is the inner radius of the inner electrode, “c” is the inner radius of the outer electrode (electrostatic shielding),
and “g” is the distance from the center of the inner electrode to the center of the cable. It's a street. In the experiment, the cable
is replaced with a copper rod. The horizontal axis is the separation rate g/(b-a). The solid line is the calculation result obtained
from the change in capacitance between the internal electrode and the cable, and the dotted line is the measured value. As a
result, the measured data agree well with the calculated results. However, the sensitivity of the capacitive voltage probe is not
dependent on changes in cable position at the inner electrode up to a separation ratio of 0.8. Therefore, to minimize measurement error, the cable
Figure G.7 shows the cable radius dependence. The vertical axis is the deviation of the voltage division ratio Fa . The solid line
represents the result calculated using the following equation.
ÿ ÿ
ÿÿ
12
p ÿÿ
1 + d
ÿ ÿ
C b
p
ÿ ÿ
log
It is
ÿ
ÿ a ÿ
ÿ
But
=ÿ
(G.3)
ÿ ÿ
ÿ ÿ
ÿ
12
p ÿ
1 + d
ÿ ÿ
Cÿ b
p
ÿ
log
It is
ÿ
a ÿ
ÿ ref ÿ
ÿ is the dielectric aref is the cable radius used as a reference, the other constants are defined in Figure G.1 and are
constant, and is. Gain of an impedance conversion Cp obtained from measurements.
amplifier
- 61 -
The values in the graph are the measurement results of several cables. Find the equivalent radius of each cable in
terms of the surface area of each wire in the cable and compare it to the surface area of the copper rod. The number
of wires in the cable varied from 1 to 12. The figure shows that the calculation results agree well with the
measurement results using a copper rod. Therefore, the deviation between the measured results with actual cables
and the calculated results is within 2 dB. These results show that the voltage division factor can be roughly
calculated using equation (G.3) using the surface area of each cable.
caution:
1) Use the cable fixture to center the test cable inside the electrode. This facility can act as a dielectric,
increasing the capacitance between the test cable and the electrodes inside the voltage probe.
2) Separation from external electric fields is required to prevent pickups on power leads from being coupled to the voltage probe circuit.
do.
Figure G.1 - Capacitive voltage probe configuration
- 62 -
Typical values for the circuit configuration in Figure G.1
b 25 mm Cp 5 pF
c 55 mm RP 1Mÿ
d 100 mm |Zs| ÿ |1/()| jÿCjÿ
C 8 pF RP ÿ |1/((sÿ= 50 C
ÿ Cp ))|
=
(cable = 26 mm) 7 pF WITH
on WITH
r
Cs
The above general values are not mandatory/regular values, so other values that match the “Characteristics” of 5.1.2 can be used.
Figure G.2 – Equivalent circuit of capacitive voltage probe
Figure G.3 – Test arrangement for calibrating frequency response
- 63 -
(a) Capacitive voltage probe without electrostatic shielding.
(b) Capacitive voltage probe with electrostatic shielding

Figure G.4 – Electrostatic coupling model and equivalent circuit
Figure G.5 - Test device to measure the amount by which the external electric field effect due
to electrostatic coupling is reduced through the shielding effect
- 64 -
explanation
a cable radius
b Inner diameter of internal electrode
c Inner diameter of external electrode
g Distance between inner electrode center and cable center
Figure G.6 - Separation diagram of the conversion factor when the cable position changes
Note The vertical axis represents the voltage division ratio (from the value calculated when b/a But) shows the separation degree.
= 10).
Figure G.7 - Survey of cable radius dependence results
- 65 -
Annex H
(reference)
Rationale for introducing a minimum decoupling factor

between the power port and EUT/receiver port in V-AMN
To reduce the impact of unknown actual power impedance on the V-AMN impedance, the minimum decoupling factor
(isolation) between the power port and receiver port can be specified for a given EUT port termination. Differences between
different types of V-AMNs must be considered.
IN1 is measured separately with the source terminated at 50 ÿ.
IN2 can be defined on either the EUT port or the receiver port. In 4.7.2, it is defined in the receiver port.
Figure H.1 – Arrangement for measuring separation
IN1/
For example, if Rx=4 950ÿ, an isolation value of 40 dB (20log( 2)) isIN
achieved. If the impedance at the power port is insufficient
or open, the impedance at the EUT port will be 1%. Ultimately, the power impedance is
A 40 dB separation is required to keep the effect on AMN impedance below 1% (detailed measurement procedures are
described in 4.7). Uncertainty calculations in KS C CISPR 16-4-2 are based on an impedance tolerance of 20% and no
influence from the power port. It is impossible to guarantee that there will be no impact at all. However, with 40 dB isolation,
1% of tolerance remains for the effects of the power port. That is, for example, if the uncertainty contribution of the AMN
impedance tolerance is 2.6 dB, the uncertainty contribution of the unknown power port termination is about 0.13 dB (this
amount is included in 2.6 dB, so it is not added).
The 40 dB isolation also helps limit the effect of power port termination on the voltage distribution factor and helps keep
interference from the power port below critical levels. You can further suppress this by adding filtering.
Based on manufacturers' responses, 40 dB can be easily achieved if this is not achieved by adding a capacitor between the
power port terminal and ground.
- 66 -
Annex I
(reference)
Rationale for introducing phase tolerance in V-AMN input impedance
IN The CISPR
of in , for the “uncertainty circle” ÿCISPR 16-4-2quantity
(see Figure
was Y-1).
calculated
This circle
based can
onalso
the assumption
be redefined as
WITH
an impedance tolerance
circle.
Figure I.1 – Definition of impedance magnitude tolerance and phase tolerance
However, existing network analyzers cannot specify tolerances for impedance. You will need software for this purpose.
Therefore, it is desirable to use the existing size tolerance rules and add a phase tolerance rule. Using trigonometric
functions, ÿ||/|Z| =0.2 gives |ÿÿ=11.54 °. WITH
CISPR 16-4-1 can be taken as a theoretical basis for uncertainty and reproducibility of conducted emission measurements
using V-AMN. The influence of deviation from the specified phase of V-AMN can be explained using equation (6-5) of CISPR
16-4-1.
IN mt The true value of the voltage read by the CISPR receiver under ideal circumstances.
WITH
13 Ideal impedance of V-AMN
WITH WITH WITH
in 13+ÿ in
WITH
d0, Ud0 True value of the disturbance source (i.e. EUT) parameter
a0 True value of V-AMN voltage division ratio
D IN m,ÿa,ÿ IN d,D WITH

in,ÿ
WITH
d Difference from true value or outlier
Since the object of interest is the effect of phase tolerance on uncertainty, using Out ,
D Zd can be set to 0,
equation (6-7) of contribution ÿÿ, ÿCISPR 16-4-1, it becomes as follows.
The absolute value of the coefficient C2 can be found in Figure 15 of CISPR 16-4-1 by comparing the impedance Zin and
- 67 -
The phase angle difference of Zd0=ZEUT ÿ=ÿZin–ÿdo=ÿAMN–ÿ is shown as a function of the EUT .
The absolute values of C2 are ÿEUT (0 °, – 45 °, – 90 °), ÿAMN (0°, 30°, 46°), I 13/ d0I (0,1;
WITH 0,2;
WITH 0,4; 0, 8; 1,0; 1,4), calculated using
the spreadsheet of ÿÿAMN (– 23 °; – 11.5 °; 11.5 °; 23 °). For this investigation, the absolute values of the factors ÿZin and
Z13 were set to 0.2 (i.e., set to the maximum value of the impedance size tolerance).
ÿ IN
m
= C ÿ
|
2
| 2.0
IN
mt
To compare the voltage level deviation due to phase deviation, the logarithmic value was calculated as follows.
ÿU m
Level deviation = 20 log (1- )
INmt
The level deviations were compared for the ÿÿAMN=-23° and -11.5° results as well as the ÿÿAMN=11.5° and 23° results (e.g. level
deviation 23° - level deviation 11.5°).
The results obtained in this way are as follows.
For ÿEUT=0° and ÿAMN=0°: level deviation 23° - level deviation 11.5° = 0.018 dB (maximum)
For ÿEUT=-45° and ÿAMN=46°: level deviation 23° - level deviation 11.5° = 0.27 dB (maximum)
Comment: According to the results of comparing the level deviation of ÿÿAMN11.5° and 23°, measurement reproducibility is
affected not only by V-AMN impedance but also by frequency ( ÿAMN is determined by frequency) and phase angle ÿEUT . This can be
easily understood by looking at Figure 15 of CISPR 16-4-1.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, specifying the size tolerance of the V-AMN input impedance is not sufficient.
Limiting the phase tolerance of the V-AMN input impedance using IÿÿAMNMAXI=11.5° prevents V-AMN manufacturing problems and
improves measurement reproducibility for the same test item.
- 68 -
KS C CISPR 16-1-2ÿ2011 2011

Commentary
This commentary explains the matters stipulated/described in the main body and annexes and matters related thereto, and is not part of the standard.
1 Overview
1.1 Purpose of revision
This standard is based on CISPR 16-1-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary equipment – Conducted disturbances, published in 2006 in its 1.2 edition. , It is a Korean industrial standard written
without changing the technical content and composition of the corresponding international standard.
1.2 Circumstances of revision
This standard was drafted in revision by the Korea Testing Institute for Technology and Standards as part of the 2010 Korea Agency for Technology and Standards National
Standards Development Project's research service project to prepare the original draft for KS compatibility in the field of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
1.3 Basic direction of revision
This standard specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for measuring radio interference voltage and current in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 1
GHz.
The revision of this standard adds network impedance phase angle and separation requirements for artificial mains network (AMN), and requirements and test
methods for asymmetric artificial network (AAN). This adds impedance phase angle and separation requirements to clarify the network requirements for the artificial
mains network (AMN), and replaces the asymmetric artificial network (AAN) requirements and test methods applied in KS CCISPR 22 with KS C CISPR 16-1. Added
to -2.
2 Current Issues
The terminology used in this standard was created based on the 2009 academic research service project “Research on terminology standardization in the field of
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).”
* Original draft committee
: Lee Jung-geun (Hanyang University), Park Byeong-kwon (Daelim University), Jang Won-seok (Konyang University), Shin Jae-gon (Automotive Performance Test Research Institute),
Hee-Seong Ahn (Korea Basic Electric Power Research Institute), Hee-Gon Jo (Daewoo Electronics), Gwan-Young Seong (Korea Testing & Research Institute of Chemical Technology),
Seongwon Ji (Korea Testing & Research Institute of Chemical Technology), Heesoo Kim (Korea Testing & Research Institute), Sangwook Yoon (Korea Testing & Research Institute)
- 69 -
Explanation 1 Purpose of unification of electrical appliance safety standards with Korean industrial standards
1. Overview
This standard is a national standard for safety management of electrical products subject to safety management in accordance with the Electrical Appliances Safety Management Act.
It is a unified electrical appliance safety standard that cites the Korean Industrial Standard (KS) as much as possible.
2. Background and Purpose
The testing standards for certification of electrical products subject to safety management under the Electrical Appliances Safety Management Act have been based on the international table since 2000.
We have been operating by introducing and citing safety standards based on standards, and the Korean Industrial Standards have also been in compliance with international standards since 2000.
Because they are based on standards, the contents of the standards are almost identical for both.
Therefore, overlapping certification of safety standards under the Electrical Appliances Safety Management Act and Korean Industrial Standards occurred, and only one of the standards occurred.
An anecdote became necessary. The
purpose of unification of safety certification standards for electrical appliances is to reduce time and cost when certifying products subject to certification.
It is necessary to promote unification based on the national standards, Korean Industrial Standards and IEC International Standards. In addition, the
status of the Korean industrial standard has been strengthened by unifying the safety certification standards for electrical appliances based on the Korean industrial
standard, and the standards for each certification based on the laws implemented by each ministry in Korea are based on international standards.
It was designed to become an example across all ministries so that it could be unified as an industrial standard.
3. Direction of unification
The safety standards for application in the Electrical Appliance Safety Management Act are simply the same as the Korean Industrial Standards for electrical appliance safety.
It can be adopted as a standard, but the electrical appliance safety standards have been changed through several revisions to test items, test methods, and standards to suit
the conditions of domestic companies while operating the electrical appliance safety management system.
There was a difference from the industry standard. As the
direction of unification of the Korean Industrial Standards and the Electrical Appliance Safety Standards is based on international standards, the parts that overlap with the
Korean Industrial Standards in the Electrical Appliance Safety Standards are structured by quoting the contents as is.
I want to tell you.
As we have been operating the electrical appliance safety management system in accordance with the safety standards, revised test items, test methods, and changes have been made.
The standard required the addition of a separate clause. Compare
the Korean Industrial Standards and the Electrical Appliance Safety Standards, and if it is the latest version of the Korean Industrial Standards,
It is decided to revise the contents of the electrical appliance safety standards based on usage, and in this case, the old version of the electrical appliance safety standards will be carried out in parallel.
By applying this, we aim to prevent confusion in companies by giving time for previously certified products to be improved to meet the revised standards.
And when the international standard is revised and the version number changes, a request is made to revise the latest version as a Korean industrial standard and its
contents are adopted as the electrical appliance safety standard, thereby quickly adapting the electrical appliance safety standard to the international standard.
I want to respond. In addition, we
request the establishment of unique standards that are only specified in the electrical appliance safety standards in Korean industrial standards, and if necessary, we also
propose international standards to reflect our technology in international standards.
4. In the
future, dualization of standards and criteria will be achieved by eliminating duplicate test items and unifying the Korean Industrial Standards and Electrical Appliance Safety Standards.
We aim to reduce the corporate burden of duplicate certification and strengthen the status of the KS standard.
In addition, the standards for each certification based on laws implemented by each ministry in Korea are based on international standards.
We will make it a model example for all ministries so that it can be unified as an industry standard. In addition,
international certification organizations are in the process of expanding the international standard certification system and using standards to strengthen the competitiveness
of domestic companies. In response to this, national and safety standards quickly respond to international standards.
This will reduce the difficulties faced by our country's export companies in certification.
- 70 -
Explanation 2 Explanation of additional and alternative items in electrical appliance safety standards
This commentary describes key points to help you understand the application of additional or replacement items in adopting the
Korean Industrial Standard as a safety standard for electrical appliances. It is not part of the standard and is used only as reference
or supplementary material.
- 71 -
Review :
Category Name work location position
(Chairman)
(stomach one)
(liver buy)
Cooperation in writing the original draft:
Category Name work location position
(Director of Research)
(Participating researcher)
Electrical appliance safety standards can be viewed at the National Agency for Technology and Standards website (http://www.kats.go.kr) and the Product Safety Report.
Please use the Security Center (http://www.safety.korea.kr) , and for any comments or questions regarding this electrical appliance safety
standard, please contact the Telecommunications Product Safety Division, Product Safety Policy Bureau, National Agency for Technology and
Standards, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (ÿ 043-870) Please contact us at -5441~9).
This safety standard is submitted to the Safety Standards Expert Committee every five years in accordance with Article 3 of the Electrical Appliances Safety Management Act.
It is deliberated and enacted, revised or abolished.

KC CISPR 16-1-2 : 2015-09-23

Specification for radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus and methods
- Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment -
Conducted disturbances
ICS 33.120.10;33.120.30
Korean Agency for Technology and Standards

http://www.kats.go.kr
Ministry of Trade, Industry and

Energy Korean Agency for Technology and Standards
Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy
Address: 93 Isu-ro, Maengdong-myeon, Eumseong-gun,
Chungcheongbuk-do, 369-811 TEL: 043-870-5441~9 http: //www.kats.go .kr

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Machine Translated by Google

Electrical appliance safety standards

Technical Regulations for Electrical and

Electromagnetic disturbance and immunity measuring equipment and

measurement methods Part 1: Electromagnetic disturbance and immunity

measuring equipment Section 2: Auxiliary equipment - Conducted interference

National Agency for Technology and Standards

Supplementary Provisions (Public Notice No. 2015-383, September 23, 2015)

Electrical appliance safety standards

Electromagnetic interference, immunity measurement equipment and measurement methods

Electromagnetic interference, immunity measurement equipment and measurement methods

Part 1: Electromagnetic disturbance and immunity measuring equipment - Section

2: Auxiliary equipment - Conducted interference

standard for 2 people

KS C IEC 60050-161 International Electrotechnical Terminology – Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility.

3.1 Symmetrical voltage

3.2 Asymmetric voltage

3.3 Asymmetric voltage

3.4 Auxiliary power network (AMN)

3.5 Asymmetric pseudo-network (AAN)

Remarks “Y-network” is an analogue of AAN.

3.6 Impedance stabilization network (ISN)

3.7 Coupling/Decoupling Network (CDN)

pseudo-network for processing.

3.8 Longitudinal Conversion Loss (LCL)

4 pseudo power network

NOTE 1 A circuit example of an artificial power network is shown in Annex A.

4.1 Network impedance

Table 3 - Size and phase angle of V-network (see Figure 1a)

Frequency (MHz) Impedance magnitude Phase angle (degrees)

0.009 (ÿ) 26.55

Table 4 - Size and phase angle of V-network (see Figure 1b)

Frequency (MHz) Impedance magnitude Phase angle (degrees)

0.15 (ÿ) 34.29 46.70

Table 5 - Size and phase angle of V-network (see Figure 2)

Frequency Impedance size (ÿ) Phase angle (degrees)

Figure 1a – Impedance (magnitude and phase) of the V-network for

Figure 1b – Impedance (magnitude and phase) of the V-network for

4.6.1 Balance of 150 ÿ delta-type pseudo power network

R 200 ÿ resistance with tolerance within 1%

A voltage from a generator with an internal impedance of 50 ÿ Do

Voltage Usis measured at a symmetrical voltage measurement position. voltage ratio

Table 6 – Minimum isolation values for V-networks

I V-network type frequency range (MHz) Minimum separation (dB)

4.7.2 Measurement procedure

The formula below must be met.

4.8 Current carrying capacity and series voltage drop

4.9 Connection of supplementary reference ground

5 Current probe and voltage probe

5.1 Current Probe

The secondary coil is built into the current probe.

Annex B describes the construction of representative current probes.

pulse response under consideration

Considering transfer impedance tolerance

influence of electric fields It is unaffected by electric fields less than 10 V/m.

Opening of current probe at least 15 mm

5.2 Voltage Probe

5.2.1 High impedance voltage probe

Figure 6 - Circuit for measuring RF voltage on supply (see 5.2.1)