Servicing Competitive

Brand Sewing
Machines

Al Hunt

1
Purpose
The purpose of this manual is to describe and illustrate some commonly required service procedures on a variety of
popular sewing machine designs. Think of this as an introduction to other brands.

Service manuals for specific models can sometimes be found online.

The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. BERNINA does not accept any responsibility
for the accuracy or omissions included in these accompanying instructions. Any product repairs are undertaken at
the sole risk of the person performing the repairs.

Appropriate measures must be taken to protect the circuit boards from electrostatic discharge (ESD).

All trademarks used herein are the property of the respective trademark owners. These marks should not be used
in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers as to your affiliation with these companies, or in
any manner that disparages the trademark owners or their products.

Author: Al Hunt
Editor: Hans Herzog
Release: 1.07 Date: May 22, 2017

2
Content
• Purpose pg.2
• Index pg.3

Servicing Competitive Machines

• Asian Built Machines with Front Loading Bobbin, late 1950’s to preset pg. 4
• Asian Built Machines with Top Loading Bobbin, 1970’s to present pg. 12
• Singer® 221 Featherweight, 1933 to 1970 pg. 21
• Singer® 401/403/404/500 class, 1957 to 1963 pg. 34
• Singer® 600 class Touch & Sew, 1962 to 1970 pg. 44
• Singer® 6200/9000 class, 1985 to early 2000’s pg. 59
• Pfaff®, 1983 to 2010 pg. 69
• Pfaff®, 2010 to present pg. 82
• Viking®, 1998 to present pg. 90
• Suggested Shop Supplies & Tools pg. 102

3
 Asian Built Machines with Front Loading Bobbin
Late 1950’s to present

4
The bernette sew & go, b33, and b35 , share many design and maintenance characteristics as other Asian
built, front loading bobbin machines. Many of the service procedures and specifications listed in the bernette
service manuals are the same or similar as those used by other manufacturers. The bernette service
manuals could prove to be a useful resource.

Index

•Common Issues / Cause / Solution

•Cover Removal
•Adjustments and Maintenance
•Lubrication

Common Issues / Cause / Solution

•Issue:Poor stitches quality, caused by burrs on the hook or throat plate. Solution: De-burr the hook with
emery paper. De-burr the throat plate with emery tape.

•Issue: Improper needle position. Solution: Adjust the needle distribution.

•Issue:Skipped stitches or broken needle thread, caused by improper hook back-run (sometimes referred to
improperly as hook timing). Solution: Adjust the hook back-run.

•Issue:Skipped stitches or broken needle thread, caused by improper needle bar height. Solution, adjust
the needle bar height.

5
Cover Removal

2. Remove the base plate and lower free-arm cover.

There are usually four base plate screws and two
1. Remove the lid and face plate. There are free-arm cover screws.
usually two screws holding the lid and one holding
the face plate.

6
 Adjustments & Maintenance
Needle Position

Remove the bobbin case, then remove the race

cover and hook by swinging out the two race cover
latches (A).

1. Set the machine for straight stitch, center

needle position. With the hand wheel, lower the
needle into the throat plate. The needle should
be in the center of the needle hole.
2. If adjustment is needed, loosen the set screw
(B), then rotate the eccentric screw (C) to move
the needle left or right as needed.

7
 2. With the hand wheel, position the hook tip
to its full left position.
3. Using the 2.3mm BERNINA back-run feeler
gauge (D), check the distance between the
hook tip and the left side of the needle.

Hook Back-run
1. Set the needle position to the full left
position.
8
4. If the back-run is not approximately 2.3mm, 3. The needle bar height is correct if the hook
loosen the two set screws (E) on the hook rock tip (F) is just slightly above the top of the
shaft and position the hook as needed. needle eye. No part of the hook tip should be
visible through the needle eye.
Note: With “loose” or worn machines, 4. If the needle bar height requires adjustment,
setting the back-run to 2.0mm may be necessary. this can be done by loosening set screw (G).

Needle Bar Height

The tip of the hook is the reference when

adjusting the needle bar height. Make certain
that the hook back-run is adjusted correctly
before continuing.
1. Set the needle position to the full right position.
2.With the hand wheel, position the tip of the hook
so that it is flush with the right side of the needle.
The needle must be on its upward stroke.

9
Other Common Adjustments
Needle / Hook Clearance

Lubrication

Needle / hook clearance should be close,

but not touching.

Bobbin Tension
20 grams of bobbin tension is usually
appropriate with Metrosene thread .

Oil
10 Grease
 Oil
Grease

11
 Asian Built Machines with Top Loading Bobbin
1970’s to present

12
The bernette b37, b38 share many design and maintenance characteristics as other Asian built, top loading
bobbin machines. Many of the service procedures and specifications listed in the bernette service manuals
are the same or similar as those used by other manufacturers. The bernette service manuals could prove to
be a useful resource.

Index

•Common Issues / Cause / Solution

•Cover Removal
•Adjustments and Maintenance
•Lubrication

Common Issues / Cause / Solution

•Issue:A damaged bobbin case. It is a common occurrence for the bobbin case to have spun counter
clockwise past the bobbin case stopper. This results in needle damage to the bobbin case and gouging of
the bobbin case by the bobbin case stopper and the hook. The most common causes are operator error,
such as misthreading or the use of heavy weight thread; bobbin case wear or a poorly adjusted bobbin case
stopper. Solutions include fixing or replacing the bobbin case and adjustment of the stopper.

•Issue:
Skipped stitches, caused by improper loop lift (hook timing). This is often accompanied by a
damaged bobbin case. Solution: Adjust the loop lift.

•Issue:Skipped stitches or broken needle thread, caused by improper needle bar height. Solution: Adjust
the needle bar height.

•Issue: Poor stitches, caused by burrs on the hook or throat plate. Solution: De-burr the hook with emery
paper. De-burr the throat plate with emery tape.

•Issue: Fabric feeds poorly due to improper feed dog height. Solution: Adjust feed dog height.

13
Cover Removal
On some machines the handle may come off by
slipping it off it’s hinge.

Remove the lid and face plate. On most machines

there are two screws holding the lid and one
holding the face plate. On this Janome 9000, there
are three screws holding the lid, and the face plate
is hinged.

Remove the base plate and lower free-arm

cover. There are usually four base plate screws
and two free-arm cover screws. This New Home
14 23X uses five base plate screws.
 Adjustments & Maintenance
Remove the throat plate, then lift out the bobbin
case. Bobbin Case Stopper

Here’s an example of a bobbin case that had

become dislodged, rotated past the bobbin case
15 stopper and been damaged beyond repair. This
bobbin case will need to be replaced.
 Loop Lift (Needle/Hook Timing)

The bobbin case stopper is adjusted correctly

when there is 1.2mm to 1.8mm clearance between
the stopper and the bobbin case. Adjustment is
made with one Phillips head screw (A).

In addition, move the stopper towards the front or

rear of the machine and reform it up or down very
slightly if necessary. Do this with the intent of
preventing the bobbin case from rotating past the 1. Install a good needle.
stopper. 2. Set the needle position to the center.
3. With the hand wheel, position the needle
bar to its lowest position.

16
 5. Rotate the hand wheel toward you until the
needle bar rises and fully compresses the
gauge’s retractable pin.

At this point the hand wheel will not turn any

farther because the gauge has stopped the
needle bar. You have now caused the needle
bar to raise precisely 2.3mm. The machine is
now in it’s timed position.

If the needle/hook timing is correct, the tip of the

hook will be approximately behind the left edge
4. Place the spring loaded timing gauge (B) around of the needle (C).
the needle bar. Slide the gauge upward until the
retractable pin just makes contact with the needle
bar bushing or any stable structure convenient to
the gauge. Tighten the thumb screw.

6. If an adjustment is needed, loosen the two

screws (D) on the hook drive gear and
reposition the hook as needed.

17
Needle Bar Height

4. If the needle bar height requires

adjustment, loosen set screw (F) and move
the needle bar up or down as needed..
.You will be using the tip of the hook as your Feed Dog Height
reference when adjusting the needle bar height.
Make certain that the needle/hook timing is
adjusted correctly before continuing.

1. Set the needle position to the full left position.

2. With the hand wheel, position the tip of the
hook so that it is flush with the left side of the
needle.
3. The needle bar height is correct if the hook tip
(E) is just slightly above the top of the needle eye.
No part of the hook tip should be visible through
the needle eye.

The feed dog height should be approximately

18 0.9mm to 1.0mm.
Use the BERNINA feed dog height gauge to
check this.

Lubrication
Depending on the model, adjust the feed dog
height with screw (G) after loosing the lock nut.

Other Common Adjustments

Bobbin Tension
15 to 22 grams of bobbin tension is usually
appropriate with Metrosene thread.

19
 Oil
Grease

20
 Singer® 221 Featherweight
1933 to 1970

21
Index

.Common Issues / Cause / Solution

.Cover Removal
.Adjustments & Maintenance
.Lubrication
.Cleaning & Polishing

Common Issues / Cause / Solution

•Issue: The hand wheel will not turn. This is usually caused by thread debris in the hook. The stray thread binds
the rotating hook to the stationary hook basket. The solution can sometimes be as simple as rotating the hand
wheel backwards to remove the bind, but often you will need to remove and disassemble the hook to get the thread
out.

•Issue: Skipped stitches, caused by improper needle bar height or hook timing. Solution: Check both adjustments.

•Issue: The machine jams constantly. The cause could be that the throat plate was not installed properly. This is
usually the result of the consumer cleaning the machine, and not reinstalling the throat plate correctly. Solution:
Make certain that the throat plate is installed with the finger of the hook basket properly inserted in the bobbin case
stopper slot on the underside of the throat plate.

•Issue:The machine skips stitches. This is often caused by a needle installed backwards. The solution is to install
a new needle with the flat side to the left, and to thread it from right to left.

•Issue: The needle moves while winding a bobbin. This is caused by a dry, sticky or misadjusted hand wheel clutch,
or a motor belt that is too tight. The solution is to remove, clean and lubricate the hand wheel clutch, then adjust the
motor belt.

•Issue:The motor belt and/or power cord need to be replaced due to old age. Solution: Replace these parts if
needed.
22
Cover Removal Loop Lift (Needle/Hook Timing)
Remove the spool pin base (top cover), face
plate, and bottom cover. Each are held in place
with a single screw. Remove the throat plate.

Adjustments & Maintenance

Needle Bar Height

Adjustment of the loop lift (needle hook timing)

is done by referring to a timing mark that is
located on the needle bar. For this reason, the
height of the needle bar must be correct first.
Refer to the previous section, titled “Needle Bar
Height” for instructions.

1. Rotate the hand wheel until the needle bar is at it’s 1. To check the loop lift (needle hook timing),
lowest position. When the needle bar height is rotate the hand wheel until the needle bar is at
correct, the upper mark (there are two) on the needle its lowest position. Continue rotating the hand
bar should be even with the needle bar bushing (E). wheel toward you until the lower mark has risen
2. Adjustment is made by loosening the needle bar to a point even with the needle bar bushing (G).
set screw (F), and moving the bar as needed.

23
 I

2. With the lower mark even with the needle bar

bushing (G), you have caused the needle bar to If your Featherweight is white in color, then it
raise the correct loop lift amount. The machine is will have a timing belt rather than gears. If an
now in it’s timed position. If the needle/hook adjustment is needed, loosen the two timing
timing is correct, the tip of the hook will be next to screws (J) on the lower timing belt pulley, and
the needle (H) rotate the hook into the correct position.

3. If the hook tip is not next to the needle,

loosen the two timing screws (I) on the
hook drive gear, and rotate the hook into
the correct position.

24
Throat Plate Installation

K L

Installation of the throat plate is correct when the

finger of the hook basket (K) fits within the bobbin
case stopper slot (L) on the throat plate.

Cleaning a Sticky Hand Wheel Clutch

1. To remove and clean the hand wheel and

clutch, start by removing the motor belt. You may
need to loosen the belt tension first with the
screw located at the front of the motor.
2. Remove the hand wheel clutch screw (M),
then remove the clutch knob (N) by unscrewing it
off the end of the top shaft. 4. Clean the inside of the hand wheel, the
3. Remove the stop-washer, then slide the hand outside of the shaft, the knob and the washer
wheel off the shaft. with WD-40®. Wipe the parts dry, then
lubricate with oil before assembly.
25
5. To reassemble the hand wheel and clutch, start
by sliding the hand wheel onto the shaft.
6. Install the stop-washer with the two tabs (O)
facing outwards.

Notice that there are three tabs on the outside of

the stop-washer. These work with the screw (M)
on the clutch knob to control how tight you can get
the clutch when you want to sew, and how loose
you can get the clutch when you want to wind a
bobbin. Due to its design, the stop-washer can be
installed at two different angles, so the clutch can
both be tightened and loosened properly.
If the clutch stop-washer is in the correct
position, the knob (N) can be tightened without
one of the stop-washer tabs interfering (P). If
the stop-washer keeps the knob from being
tightened fully, rotate the stop-washer 180
degrees.

7. Screw the clutch knob (N) all the way onto the
shaft, then install the clutch screw (M).

26
Motor Belt Tension

The motor belt tension is best when set light,

Other Common Adjustments
as these motors tend to lack power. It is held & Maintenance
with one screw.
Hook removal, Disassembly &
Assembly
Bobbin Case Stopper Clearance
The hook is held to the bottom shaft by two set
The clearance between the bobbin case stopper screws (A). One of these screws rests on a flat
(located on the throat plate) and the finger of the spot on the shaft. If you can mark, or somehow
basket is approximately 1.0mm. remember which screw this is, it will most likely
Adjustment can be made by loosening either save you from retiming the hook after you have
screw (Q) and moving the stopper cushion spring reinstalled it!
until the correct clearance is achieved. Note that the flat for the hook, and the flat for
the balance wheel (B) are inline with each other.

27
 3. Remove the gib screw.
1. To remove the hook, first remove the throat
plate.
2. Loosen the two hook screws (A) and slide
the hook off the shaft.

4. Swing the gib out of the way.

5. Rotate and lift the basket out of the hook. If the
basket doesn't come out easily, completely
remove the gib from the hook, by removing the gib
hinge screw (C) from the rear of the hook.
28
 7. Reassembly is done in the reverse order.

When installing the hook back into the machine,

slide it all the way onto the shaft. There can be no
end-play (left to right movement) of the bottom
shaft after the hook screws are tightened.
Be sure that the same hook set screw as before is
tightened against the flat on the bottom shaft.
This may eliminate the need to retime the hook,
and save you some time.
Check the needle/hook timing when it is back
together.
6. The rear plate can be removed if necessary,
such as to remove thread lodged behind it. To Disassembly & Assembly of the Thread
do this, remove the two hook set screws (A), Tension Unit
then the rear plate screw (D). Note the direction
the plate faces and the hole used to secure it,
as these are easily reinstalled backwards.

29
1. To disassemble the tension, rotate the 3. The remaining parts can now be removed.
tension knob to zero. Push the numbered
bezel to the rear until it clears the small pin that
extends from the back of the silver knob (R).
2. While holding the numbered bezel to the
rear, unscrew the silver knob off the tension
shaft.

Notice the tension release pin which sits

inside the tension shaft. You may also remove
this if you like.

30
To reassemble: 3. Install the tension release cup, cone spring
1. install the tension release pin. and the tension dial stop-washer. Note that the
2. Slip the two tension disks and the guide plate into hook on the washer points up and toward you.
the check spring. Slide these parts as one unit onto
the tension shaft. The guide plate pin will fit into a
small hole at 12 o’clock, and the check spring should
be allowed to hang down at 6 o’clock. This 6 o’clock
position will give the desired check spring tension.

4. With “4” pointing up at 12 o’clock, push the

numbered bezel onto the tension shaft as far as you
comfortably can. Hold the bezel in this position and
screw the silver tension knob onto the shaft until its
pin engages the bezel. If done right the upper
thread tension will not be too far off. Once the
tension is fine tuned during sewing, the numbered
31 bezel can be pushed in and rotated to the number of
your choice, usually “4”.
Bobbin Tension

Before adjusting the bobbin tension, clean any

stray thread or debris from under the bobbin case
tension spring. 25 grams of bobbin tension is
usually appropriate with Metrosene thread .

Lubrication

32
 Cleaning & Polishing
A Word of Caution: When cleaning the painted
surfaces on any classic black finish, do not use any
type of all purpose cleaner such as 409, Fantastic,
Simple Green or Windex. These will cause
permanent spotting and dulling of the finish.

The accepted products for cleaning and polishing

classic black finishes are Kerosene, and Zymol car
polish.
1. The finish can be cleaned with Kerosene and a
soft cloth.
2. Then polished, one small area at a time with
Zymol polish. Never let the Zymol dry before
wiping it off and polishing the finish with a clean,
soft, dry cloth.

Oil
Grease

An excellent Featherweight resource

is the book “FEATHERWEIGHT 221,
THE PERFECT PORTABLE” by
Nancy Johnson-Srebro.
33
 Singer® 401 / 500 Class
1957 to 1963

34
Index

.Common Issues / Cause / Solution

.Cover Removal
.Adjustments and Maintenance
.Lubrication

Common Issues / Cause / Solution

•Issue:Machine runs slow, pattern selector will not move properly or needle will not shift for zig-zag. caused
by gum and lack of lubrication. Solution, clean and lubricate mechanisms.

•Issue: Machine runs slow, and the motor is very loud. caused by gum and pollutants within the motor.
Solution, chemically clean the motor and lubricate the lower motor bushing.

•Issue: Skipped stitches, caused by improper needle bar height. Solution: Adjust the needle bar height.

•Issue: Skipped stitches, caused by improper loop lift (hook timing). Solution: Adjust the loop lift.

•Issue: Thread loops under the fabric and jams in the bobbin area, caused by a poorly adjusted bobbin case
stopper. Solution: Adjust the bobbin case stopper.

•Issue: Poor stitches or thread breakage, caused by burrs on the throat plate or the tip of the hook.
Solution: De-burr the throat plate and hook tip with emery paper.

35
Cover Removal
A

3. Remove the base plate cover with

thumb screw (B).
1. Remove the top cover with 2 screws (A).

2. The face plate can be lifted slightly 4. Remove the throat plate by first moving
and removed. the throat plate position lever to the unlock
position
36
 Adjustments & Maintenance
Needle Bar Height

Rotate the hand wheel until the needle bar is at its

lowest position. When the needle bar height is
correct, the upper mark (there are two) on the needle
bar should be even with the needle bar bushing (C).
Adjustment is made by loosening the needle bar set
screw (D), and moving the bar as needed.

Then the throat plate can be removed.

D
5. Remove the bobbin case by lifting the
bobbin case stopper up and to the right.
The loop at the end of your lint brush is a
good tool for this.

37
Loop Lift (Needle/Hook Timing) 4. With the lower mark even with the needle bar
bushing (E), you have caused the needle bar to
1. Adjustment of the loop lift (needle hook timing) raise the correct loop lift amount. The machine
is done by referring to a timing mark that is is now in its timed position. If the needle/hook
located on the needle bar. For this reason, the timing is correct, the tip of the hook will be
height of the needle bar must be correct first. behind the needle (F).
Refer to the previous section, titled “Needle Bar
Height” for instructions.

2. To check the loop lift (needle hook timing),

rotate the hand wheel until the needle bar is at its
lowest position.
3. Continue rotating the hand wheel toward you
until the lower needle bar mark has risen to a
point even with the needle bar bushing (E).
F
5. If the hook tip is not behind the needle,
loosen the two timing screws (G) on the
timing gear, and rotate the hook into the
correct position.

G
38
Bobbin Case Stopper Adjustment is made with eccentric screw (H)
after loosening set screw (I). Removal of the
slide plate is not necessary.

Reattaching the Slide Plate

Reattach the slide plate by positioning the

plate over the feed dogs, then sliding it
toward you until it reaches the slide plate
clip. Gently lift each end of the clip, and
slide the plate toward you.

The bobbin case stopper is adjusted correctly

when there is approximately 1.0mm to 1.2mm
clearance between the stopper and the bobbin
case.

I
39
Motor Cleaning

If necessary, the motor can be cleaned

internally with C-60 spray motor solvent. C-60
is a non-conductive, non flammable solvent
that can be sprayed into a motor to flush out
excess carbon and gum.
CAUTION: Be sure to read the cautions
K
printed on the can. Never let C-60 come in
contact with a plastic machine housing, touch
screens, or your eyes.

3. After unplugging the 2 wires from the motor,

the motor can be easily pulled out through the
bottom of the machine.
1. Remove the motor retaining bracket with screw
(J).
4. Going through the openings exposed by the
brush covers, spray out the motor until the
2. Remove the motor brush covers with 2 screws
runoff becomes clear. Be sure to collect the
(K), then the brushes and sleeves.
runoff with a towel, and don’t let the solvent get
on any visible parts of the machine. Follow
cautions printed on the can.
40
Cleaning a sticky Hand wheel Clutch 3. Clean the inside of the hand wheel, the outside
of the shaft, the knob and the washer with WD-
1. Remove the hand wheel clutch screw (L), then 40®. Wipe the parts dry, then lubricate with oil
remove the clutch knob (M) by unscrewing it off before assembly.
the end of the top shaft.
2. Remove the stop-washer (O), then slide the
hand wheel off the shaft.

O M

L Bobbin Tension

N
20 grams of bobbin tension is usually appropriate
41 with Metrosene thread. Make adjustments with the
left bobbin case screw (N).
Selecting Stiches for Sewing

A stich chart is printed on the inside of the

hinged top cover. The letter knobs select a
stitch pattern, and the numbered lever sets
either the needle position or the stitch width.
The lettered knobs are released by being
pushed or pulled. Popular stitches are AK3
(straight stitch, center needle position), BL3
(medium width zig-zag), BL5 (wide zig-zag)
and BO3 (medium width blind stitch).

Exterior Cleaning & Polishing

A Word of Caution: When cleaning the painted
surfaces on any classic tan finish machine, do not
use any type of all purpose cleaner such as 409,
Fantastic, Simple Green or Windex. These will
cause permanent spotting and dulling of the finish.

The accepted products for cleaning and polishing

classic tan finishes are Kerosene, and Zymol car
polish.
1. The finish can be cleaned with Kerosene and a
soft cloth.
2. Then polished, one small area at a time with
Zymol polish. Never let the Zymol dry before
wiping it off and polishing the finish with a clean,
soft, dry cloth.
42
Lubrication

Oil
Grease
43
 Singer® Touch & Sew, 600 Class
1962 to 1970

44
Index

.Common Issues / Cause / Solution

.Cover Removal
.Adjustments and Maintenance
.Lubrication

Common Issues / Cause / Solution

•Issue:Will not pick up the bobbin thread, caused by broken hook drive gears. Solution: Replace any
broken gears.

•Issue: Skipped stitches, caused by improper needle bar height. Solution: Adjust the needle bar height.

•Issue: Skipped stitches, caused by improper loop lift (hook timing). Solution: Adjust the loop lift.

•Issue: Thread loops under the fabric and jams in the bobbin area, caused by a poorly adjusted bobbin case
stopper. Solution: Adjust the bobbin case stopper.

•Issue:Knocking noise when sewing a zigzag. The cause is likely a cracked top shaft collar. Solution:
Replace or adjust the collar.

•Issue: Poor stitches or thread breakage, caused by burrs on the throat plate or the tip of the hook.
Solution: De-burr the throat plate and hook tip with emery paper.

45
Cover Removal

Remove the base plate with screw (B),

and all four casters.

To remove the top cover, first swing open the face

plate (left side cover). Remove the top cover screw
(A), then lift up on the right end of the top about one
inch. The top cover can now be slid to the left a few
inches and removed from the machine.

Remove the bobbin case by lifting the

bobbin case stopper up and to the right.
The loop at the end of your lint brush is a
good tool for this.

46
Removal of the front cover is not usually
necessary during a regular service. You
will most likely only remove it to replace
the top gear.

Adjustments &
Maintenance
Replacement of Broken Gears

To remove the front cover, loosen the set Singer® 600 Class Touch & Sews are well known
screw (C) on the button hole knob, if for their fragile gears. There are six gears that
equipped. Remove the front cover screw drive the hook, five of which break. They are
(D). known as the Top, Bottom, Timing, left, and hook
Center all the various levers that protrude gear. Over the years, these gears have been
through the front cover. The front cover is made of many different materials. If the gears are
held in place by several tabs that fit into black or white in color, then you would be fine to
notches in the machine frame (marked with just replace the gears that are broken or show
arrows). Starting on the right, remove the noticeable wear. It’s advisable to replace any
gears that are yellow in color, as they are the
cover.
oldest and most brittle.

47
 Left gear removal

1. Loosen or remove the left gear set

screw.
2, Loosen or remove the two timing gear
set screws.
The same basic procedure is used for replacing each 3. Slide the bottom shaft to the right, far
one of the five gears, with the exception of the hook enough to exit the left gear.
gear. I will explain, one gear at a time. 4. Remove the gear.
Be aware that each gear is secured to its drive shaft
by one or two set screws. These screws are usually
3/32”, or may be 2.5mm on replacement gears. In
many cases, the set screw is tightened against a flat
that is cut into the drive shaft. Because of the flat, it is
important to sufficiently loosen or even remove the set
screws from the gear. This will prevent difficulty
removing the gear or damage to the drive shaft.

48
Top gear removal 3. Loosen or remove the bottom gear set
screw.
4. Slide the vertical shaft down, far
enough to exit the top gear.
5. Remove the gear.

Bottom gear removal:

1. Remove the Top gear as described on the

previous page.
2. Slide the vertical shaft down, far enough to
exit the bottom gear.
3. Remove the gear.

Timing gear removal:

1. Loosen or remove the left gear set screw.

2. Loosen or remove the two timing gear set
screws.

1. Remove the front cover.

2. Loosen or remove the top gear set screw (E).

49
3. Remove the motor/electric socket bracket, with
one screw (F).
4. Hold the electric socket out of the way, and
slide the bottom shaft to the right, far enough to
exit the timing gear.
5. Remove the gear.

Hook gear removal

1. Loosen bobbin winder cam screw (G),
and remove bobbin winder cam.
2. While carefully holding the hook still,
remove the bobbin winder shaft nut (H),
by turning it clockwise. Note that this is
one of three left hand threaded fasteners 3. Remove the bobbin winder lifter (I) and
in this machine. drive washer (J). Note that there is a spring
within the machine frame (K), located above
the bobbin winder lifter. This spring will
usually stay in place.
50
 Installation of Gears

Hook gear installation

4. Loosen or remove the hook gear set

screw.
5. Remove the gear.

51
1. While holding down on the hook, slide the
hook gear all the way onto the hook shaft.
Tighten the gear set screw against the flat
portion of the hook shaft. Note, there can be
no end play (up and down movement) of the
hook shaft when you are done. Note, do not
over tighten the gear set screw, as it can crush
the hook shaft and disable the bobbin winder.
2. Reinstall the bobbin winder parts in reverse
order. Make sure that the spring is in the
machine frame (K), above the bobbin winder
lifter (I). Remember that the bobbin winder
shaft nut (H) has left hand threads, so you will
tighten it counter clockwise.
Top and bottom gear installation

3. Adjust the height of the bobbin winder cam 1. Hold the bottom gear in place while sliding
(G). This is done by holding the bobbin winder the shaft through it and up into the machine.
lever (L) to the left, while lightly holding parts (I) Before the shaft is all the way into the machine,
and (J) up against the hook gear, then position and hold the top gear in place.
tightening the bobbin winder cam screw. The 2. Slide the shaft up into the top gear.
screw needs to be tightened against the flat 3. Tighten the top gear set screw, making sure it
portion of the shaft. rests on the flat portion of the shaft.
4. After the hook gear and bobbin winder parts 4. While Lightly pressing the top gear down and
are installed, check the needle bar height, the bottom gear up, to prevent end play (up and
adjust the loop lift (needle/hook timing), and down movement of the shaft), tighten the bottom
check the bobbin winder. gear set screw against the flat portion of the
shaft.
5. After the top and bottom gears are installed,
check the needle bar height, then adjust the
loop lift (needle/hook timing).
52
Left and timing gear installation

1. Hold the timing gear in place while

sliding the shaft through it and into the
machine.

2. Before the shaft is all the way into the 3. After the left and timing gears are in place, and
machine, position and hold the left gear in the left gear set screw is tight, check the needle
place. bar height, then adjust the loop lift (needle/hook
Slide the shaft over, into the left gear, so timing).
the end of the shaft is flush with the left
side of the gear .
Tighten the left gear set screw, making
sure it rests on the flat portion of the shaft.

53
Adjustments & Maintenance
Rotate the hand wheel until the needle bar is at
Needle Bar Height its lowest position. When the needle bar height
is correct, the upper mark (there are two) on
the needle bar should be even with the needle
bar bushing (M).
Adjustment is made by loosening the needle
bar set screw (N), and moving the bar as
needed.

Loop Lift (Needle/Hook Timing)

1. Adjustment of the loop lift (needle hook

timing) is done by referring to a timing
mark that is located on the needle bar. For
this reason, the height of the needle bar
must be correct first. Refer to the
previous section, titled “Needle Bar Height”
for instructions.

54
 3. Continue rotating the hand wheel toward
you until the lower mark has risen to a point
even with the needle bar bushing (O).

4. With the lower mark even with the

needle bar bushing (O), you have caused
the needle bar to raise the correct loop lift
amount. The machine is now in its timed
position. If the needle/hook timing is
correct, the tip of the hook will be behind
the needle (P).
5. If the hook tip is not behind the needle,
loosen the two timing screws (Q) on the
timing gear, and rotate the hook into the
2. To check the loop lift (needle hook timing), correct position.
rotate the hand wheel until the needle bar is at its
lowest position.

55
 Adjustment is made with eccentric screw (R)
Bobbin Case Stopper after loosening set screw (S). Removal of the
slide plate is not necessary.
Top Shaft Collar

The bobbin case stopper is adjusted correctly

when there is approximately 1.0mm to 1.2mm
clearance between the stopper and the bobbin
Examine the plastic top shaft collar for cracks.
case.
Replace it if needed. Adjust its position left or right to
56 eliminate any end play (left or right movement) of the
top shaft.
Other Common Lubrication
Adjustments & Maintenance
Bobbin Tension

25 grams of bobbin tension is usually

appropriate with Metrosene thread . Note that
due to the design of the Touch & Sew bobbin
case, bobbin tension varies quite a bit
depending on how much thread is on the
bobbin.
The bobbin tension can be adjusted with the
screw located on top of the bobbin case (T).

Oil
Grease
57
58
 Singer® 6200/9000 Class
1985 to early 2000’s

59
Index

.Common Issues / Cause / Solution

.Cover Removal
.Adjustments and Maintenance
.Lubrication

Common Issues / Cause / Solution

•Issue: The fabric feeds poorly, the presser foot will not lift, or it’s height is not correct, or the presser bar
pivots out of position easily. This is often caused by a loose presser bar guide set screw, or a cracked presser
bar guide. Solution: Replace or adjust the presser bar guide
•
•Issue: The machine skips stitches and breaks needles. There is excessive front to back movement of the
needle bar. This is often caused by a loose needle bar bushing set screw, or a cracked needle bar support.
Solution: If the needle bar support is cracked, it will need to be replaced. Repair of the machine may not be
feasible, due to availability of parts (you will likely need an entire head frame).

•Issue: Thread loops under the fabric and jams in the bobbin area, caused by a damaged bobbin case or a
poorly adjusted bobbin case stopper. Solution: Replace the bobbin case, and/or adjust the bobbin case
stopper.

•Issue: Skipped stitches, caused by improper loop lift (hook timing). Solution: Adjust the loop lift.

•Issue: Skipped stitches, caused by improper needle bar height. Solution: Adjust the needle bar height.

•Issue: Poor stitches or thread breakage, caused by burrs on the throat plate. Solution: De-burr the throat
plate with emery tape.

60
Cover Removal

3. Remove the top cover by lifting the right end

and swinging it clockwise. When it just clears the
1. Remove the face plate with one screw (A). stitch width lever, you can carefully lift it off of the
2. Prepare to remove the top cover by removing the machine.
three top screws (B), and the stitch width knob (C).
Do not remove the bobbin winder stopper.
Place the stitch width lever in the center position.
Loosen the phillips head screw (D.

4. Remove the bottom cover by removing one

nut located in the center, and one or two
phillips head screws located near the edge of
the cover.
61 5. Remove the free arm cover by removing
one screw.
 Adjustments &
Maintenance
Presser Bar Height & Allignment

When the presser bar guide (F) is

adjusted properly, the presser foot can be
lifted an appropriate amount, and the
presser foot will be straight in relationship
to the feed dogs.

Remove the bobbin case by pivoting the bobbin case

retainer (E) counter-clockwise. Use the slot in the
center of the retainer, and a small screw driver to
prevent damaging the bobbin case. The photo
above was taken with the slide plate removed to
improve visibility. It is not necessary to remove the If this is not the case, check to see if the
slide plate when removing the bobbin case. presser bar guide is cracked, or if the set
When reinstalling the bobbin case, be sure to close screw is just loose. The photo above was
the bobbin case retainer. taken with the sewing light removed to
improve visibility.
62
If the presser bar guide is cracked, it will need to be When the needle bar bushing (G) is
replaced. I usually advise against this, due to the adjusted properly, the needle bar will have
fact that the new guide seems to be no stronger minimal play side to side and front to back
than the old one, and will likely crack again. The when held by the needle clamp. If the
customers tend not to have the repair done either needle bar moves excessively, check to
for this reason, or due to the cost. I would suggest see if the needle bar support (H) is
the customer purchase a new BERNINA. cracked near the bushing, or if the needle
If the set screw is simply loose, you can adjust the bar bushing set screw (I) is just loose. The
presser bar position, apply Loctite® to the screw, photo above was taken with the sewing
and lightly tighten the screw. light removed to improve visibility.
If the set screw is simply loose, you can
Needle Bar Bushing/Support adjust the bushing. To do this, rotate the
hand wheel until the needle bar is in its
lowest position. Loosen the bushing set
screw (I), and apply a small amount of
Loctite® to the threads. Hold down lightly
on the bushing (G), and lightly tighten
(snug) the screw. Do not over-tighten the
set screw, as you can easily crack the
H needle bar support.

63
Loop Lift (Needle/Hook Timing)

1. Install a good needle.

2. Set the needle position to the center.
3. With the hand wheel, position the needle
bar to it’s lowest position.

5. Rotate the hand wheel toward you until the

needle bar rises and fully compresses the gauge’s
retractable pin. At this point the hand wheel will
not turn any farther because the gauge has
stopped the needle bar. You have now caused
the needle bar to raise precisely 2.3mm. The
machine is now in its timed position. If the loop lift
(needle/hook timing) is correct, the tip of the hook
will be approximately behind the left edge of the
needle (K).

4. Place the spring-loaded timing gauge (J)

K
around the needle bar. Slide the gauge upward
until the retractable pin just makes contact with
the needle bar bushing or any stable structure
convenient to the gauge. Tighten the thumb
screw.
64
6. If an adjustment is needed, loosen the two
screws (L) on the lower timing belt pulley and
reposition the hook as needed. Before tightening 3. If the needle bar height requires adjustment,
the set screws, check to see that the feed dogs loosen set screw (N) and move the needle bar
are in the low position. If not, rotate the hook one up or down as needed.
turn to get the feed system in sync. Tighten the
two set screws.
Needle Bar Height

You will be using the tip of the hook as your

reference when adjusting the needle bar height.
Make certain that the loop lift (needle/hook timing)
is adjusted correctly before continuing.

1. Set the needle position to the full left position.

2. With the hand wheel, position the tip of the hook
so that it is flush with the left side of the needle.
The needle bar height is correct if the hook tip (M)
is just slightly above the top of the needle eye. No
part of the hook tip should be visible through the
needle
65 eye.
Bobbin Case Stopper

The bobbin case stopper is adjusted correctly

when there is approximately 1.0mm clearance
between the stopper and the bobbin case at
locations (O) and (P).
The bobbin case stopper can be moved left,
right, forward, and back, by loosening two
screws (Q).

Here are examples of two bobbin cases (Apollo

Class). The one on the left is new. The one on
the right had become dislodged while sewing,
rotated past the bobbin case stopper, and been
damaged beyond repair. This bobbin case will
need to be replaced. The arrows point to
damage that will keep it from working.
66
Other Common Set the machine for straight stitch; center needle
position. With the hand wheel, lower the needle into the
Adjustments & Maintenance throat plate. The needle should be in the center of the
needle hole. If adjustment is needed, loosen the set
Needle Position screw (R), then move the needle left or right as needed.

Needle / Hook Clearance

S
The clearance between the needle and the hook
should be close without touching. Adjust by
67 loosening two phillips head screws (S) slightly, and
swinging the entire head frame as needed.
Bobbin Tension Lubrication

20 grams of bobbin tension is usually

appropriate with Metrosene thread.

Oil
Make adjustments with the left bobbin case screw.
Grease
68
 Pfaff®
1983 to 2010

69
Index

.Common Issues / Cause / Solution

.Cover Removal
.Adjustments and Maintenance
.Lubrication

Common Issues / Cause / Solution

•Issue: Skipped stitches, caused by improper loop lift (hook timing). Solution: Adjust the loop lift.

•Issue: Presser foot won’t lower, won’t raise, or lowers slowly after you’ve completely lowered the presser
foot lifting lever. The cause is likely dried or gummy oil/grease around the presser bar, bushings and spring.
The dried residue on the presser bar binds the presser bar to the bushings. The pressure spring, located
within the presser bar is also effected. Solution: Clean all residue from the presser bar, bushings, pressure
spring and pressure spring pin, then lubricate with oil.

•Issue: Needle continues to move up/down when winding a bobbin. The cause is likely dried or gummy
grease within the hand wheel clutch. Solution: Clean all old grease from within the hand wheel and clutch,
then lubricate with oil.

•Issue: Poor quality stitches or breaking top thread caused by a bur on the outside of the hook. Solution:
De-bur the hook with emery paper.

70
Cover Removal 2. Remove the top cover and face plate. It will
depend on the machine model number which of
these two covers will need to be removed first.
To accomplish this, there are two lid screws (B)
and one face plate screw (C). The face plate
screw will only need to be loosened. Note that
the lid tends to hang up on the hinges (A) and
the bobbin winder.

1. Remove the hinged top cover by pushing on

one of the hinges (A) and lifting the cover off.

71
 Some models may require you to pop the base
plate free in location (D) with a screwdriver.

D
3. Remove the base plate by unscrewing the
three or four base plate screws. On some computerized models, such as the one
pictured, you can simply swing the base plate
(with it’s cables connected) over to the right and
stand it on it’s end to service the machine. Other
models may require you to unplug them.

72
4. Next, remove the lower free-arm cover. Be
aware that on some models, there is a linkage
from the feed dog drop lever (E), that must be
disconnected first (F).
The lower free-arm cover is usually held in place
by two screws (G).

Adjustments & Maintenance

Loop Lift (Needle/Hook Timing)

1. Install a good needle.

2. Set the needle position to the center.
3. With the hand wheel, position the needle bar to it’s
lowest position.

73
4. Place the spring loaded timing gauge (H)
around the needle bar. Slide the gauge upward
until the retractable pin just makes contact with
the needle bar bushing or any stable structure
convenient to the gauge. Tighten the thumb
screw.

6. If an adjustment is needed, loosen the

two timing screws (J) on the hook and
rotate the hook into position. Before
tightening the screws, use a small
screwdriver (pictured) or your finger to
press the small hook gear against the
5. Rotate the hand wheel toward you until the large gear.
needle bar rises and fully compresses the
gauge’s retractable pin.
At this point the hand wheel will not turn any
farther because the gauge has stopped the
needle bar. You have now caused the needle
bar to rise precisely 2.3mm. The machine is now
in it’s timed position.
If the needle/hook timing is correct, the tip of the
hook will be approximately behind the left edge
of the needle (I).

74
Deburr the hook Cleaning a Sticky Presser Bar

To gain access to the presser bar, pressure

spring and pin, you will need to remove the
tension unit. It will come out in one piece and
the thread tension adjustment will not be
affected.
1. Using the hand wheel, position the needle
bar to it’s lowest position.

Using very fine Emory paper, such as 400-600 grit,

remove any burrs on the hook tip and thread guide
plate. Burrs on the hook tip are often removed with
2-3 swipes of the abrasive, where the thread guide 2. Disconnect the top loop of the needle
plate my require more work. threader return spring (K), if equipped.
3. Loosen the lower tension unit screw (L) a few
75 turns. It’s right below the thread check spring
screw.
4. While holding onto the tension unit, remove the
top tension unit screw (M). The tension unit
complete can now be lifted off of the machine.

5. Remove the pressure spring and pin (N).

Clean these parts and the presser bar with a
nylon brush, WD-40® and compressed air to
remove the old grease and gum.

6. Lightly lubricate all parts with machine oil

and reassemble in the opposite order.

Tension unit after removal.

76
Cleaning a Sticky Hand wheel Clutch

3. Remove the clutch knob and the three parts

1. To remove and clean the hand wheel clutch, start located behind it. Note that one part is a spring (O).
by removing the decorative screw cover (if present).

4. Clean the parts with a nylon brush, WD-40®

and compressed air to remove the old grease and
2. Remove the screw and washer. gum.
77
5. Slide the hand wheel out 2mm to 3mm and
clean the end of the shaft and inside of the hand
wheel (P) with a nylon brush, WD-40® and
compressed air to remove the old grease and
gum.

6. To reassemble, install the black latch and hold

it tightly in place. With the top shaft in the correct
position, the latch will move towards the rear of
the machine enough for you to insert the spring
as shown (R). Gently, use a small screwdriver
to pivot, then slide the spring into its track (Q).

7. Install the white latch (S).

8. Snap the clutch knob in place, making 9. Apply a drop of light machine oil to the end of
sure that the bump on the white latch fits the shaft (P), then install the washer, screw and
into one of the two notches in the knob. screw cover.

78
Other Common Adjustments

Bobbin Case Stopper Clearance

The clearance between the bobbin case stopper

and the hook basket on most Pfaff ® machines
is 0.7mm. The feeler gauge for the BERNINA 8
Series bobbin case stopper works well here. It
is 0.7mm.

Adjust the stopper for a slightly snug fit with

screws (T).

79
 Feed Balance
Needle / Hook Clearance

This requires a small slotted screwdriver.

Needle Position

The clearance between the needle and the

hook should be .05mm, close without touching.
Adjust with screw (U), if needed.

Loosen both screws slightly to allow for

80 changes to the needle position.
Bobbin Tension

15 to 18 grams of bobbin tension is

usually appropriate with Metrosene thread
.
Lubrication

Oil
Grease
81
 Pfaff®
2010 to present

82
Many Pfaff® sewing machines, including the model shown in this chapter, manufactured from 2010 to the
present, share many design and maintenance characteristics as the Viking® machines of the same time
period. Therefore only cover removal is included in this chapter. Refer to the Viking® chapter of this manual
for adjustments, maintenance and lubrication suggestions.

Index

.Common Issues / Cause / Solution

.Cover Removal
.Adjustments and Maintenance
.Lubrication

Common Issues / Cause / Solution

•Issue: Skipped stitches or broken needle thread, caused by improper loop lift (hook timing). Solution: Adjust
the loop lift.

•Issue:Skipped stitches or broken needle thread, caused by improper needle bar height. Solution: Adjust
the needle bar height.

•Issue: Skipped stitches or broken needle thread, caused by improper needle/hook clearance. Solution:
Adjust the needle/hook clearance.

•Issue: Damaged bobbin case, caused by a needle strike, or rotation of the bobbin case during a thread jam.
Solution: replace the bobbin case.

•Issue: Fabric feeds poorly due to improper feed dog height. Solution: Adjust feed dog height.

•Issue: Poor stitches, caused by burrs on the throat plate. Solution: De-burr the throat plate with emery tape.

83
Cover Removal

C
A

Note that in addition to the two screws (A), the

1. Remove the face plate by removing the two face plate was fastened to the front cover by way
#10 Torx screws (A) located in the back cover of a hole and wire (B) located inside the lower
right side of the face plate. These connected to
the pin and ridge (C) within the front cover. Upon
reinstallation of the face plate, be sure to
reconnect them (D).

Tilt the top of the face plate towards you, then lift
D
it off of the machine.
84
 F

2. Remove the take-up lever guard by gripping the When reinstalling the take-up lever guard, attach at
guard as shown. Apply downward pressure with the top (F) first, then click into place at the bottom (E)
your left thumb to release tab (E), then swing the last.
guard toward you with your left index finger. Tabs
(F) at the top of the guard will act as a hinge.

3. Remove the top cover after removing the two #20

Torx screws (G). Note that It may hang up on the
bobbin winder stopper during removal or installation.

85
 5. Pull the hand wheel straight off the end of the
top shaft.

4. Remove the four #20 Torx screws from

the underside of the machine that secure
the machines front and rear covers to the 6. To remove the rear cover, remove the three #10
base plate. Note the position and length of Torx screws (H).
the screws as they vary. Also, there is no
need to remove the base plate from the
machine.
86
 I K

Depress the locking tabs (I) and (J), then 7. To remove the front cover, loosen one #20
remove the rear cover.. Torx screw (K), and remove one #10 Torx screw
(L).

L
J

87
The front cover is removed by working it straight off Unplug the cables connecting the front cover to the
the front of the machine. Note how the front cover main circuit board on the chassis. Follow
fits under the edges of the bobbin area cover. It electrostatic discharge rules to safeguard the
may hang-up in this area. boards from static electricity damage.

8. Remove the throat plate by lifting the front

edge. The toe of the presser foot works well
as a tool. You can then lift out the gray
88 bobbin case cover, then the bobbin case.
 Pictured, a Pfaff® ready for service.

Many Pfaff® sewing machines, including the

model shown in this chapter, manufactured from
2010 to the present, share many design and
maintenance characteristics as the Viking®
machines of the same time period. Therefore only
cover removal is included in this chapter. Refer to
the Viking® chapter of this manual for adjustments,
maintenance and lubrication suggestions.

89
 Viking®
1998 to present

90
Index

.Common Issues / Cause / Solution

.Cover Removal
.Adjustments and Maintenance
.Lubrication

Common Issues / Cause / Solution

•Issue: Skipped stitches or broken needle thread, caused by improper loop lift (hook timing). Solution: Adjust
the loop lift.

•Issue:Skipped stitches or broken needle thread, caused by improper needle bar height. Solution: Adjust
the needle bar height.

•Issue: Skipped stitches or broken needle thread, caused by improper needle/hook clearance. Solution:
Adjust the needle/hook clearance.

•Issue: Damaged bobbin case, caused by a needle strike, or rotation of the bobbin case during a thread jam.
Solution: replace the bobbin case.

•Issue: Fabric feeds poorly due to improper feed dog height. Solution: Adjust feed dog height.

•Issue:On mechanical/non-electronic models, the needle position is not centered in the throat plate. The
needle position is too far to the left. Solution: Adjust the needle position.

•Issue: Poor stitches, caused by burrs on the throat plate. Solution: De-burr the throat plate with emery tape.

•Issue: Tapping or scraping noise while sewing, caused by thread wound around the take-up lever linkage.
Solution: Remove the thread.

91
Cover Removal Gently, pull the bobbin winder stop straight off
Electronic & Mechanical Models the front of the bobbin winder unit. Upon
reassembly, adjust the bobbin fullness with a
#20 Torx in the end of the bobbin winder stop.
If present, remove this small plug, by gently
prying it out with a small screwdriver.

Rotate the hand wheel until the needle bar is in

its lowest position. Then, pull the hand wheel
straight off the end of the top shaft.

Remove the screws from the underside of the

machine that secure the machines front and rear
covers. Depending on the models, there will be
between two and four screws. There is no need to
92 remove the base plate from the machine.
To remove the rear cover, first remove the two Raise the presser foot lifting lever.
#20 Torx screws located under the handle. Then Then with your #10 Torx, depress the small tab (if
examine the back of the machine for # 10 Torx present) and pull the rear cover out a few millimeters.
screws. Depending on the model, there will be
between one and five of these screws that will
need to be removed.

The model in this photo only uses one of the

#10 Torx screws. On some models, the rear free arm cover is removed
from the machine along with the main rear cover. On
other models, it is removed second. Either way, you
will need to use a small screwdriver and pop the rear
93 free arm cover away from the throat plate.
 If you have a mechanical machine with a
You can now pop off the rear cover. Note that pattern selector and stitch length and width
they rarely come off gracefully! knobs, you’ll need to remove the knobs
carefully. If you have a computerized machine,
skip ahead to page 96.

To remove the front cover, first remove

two #20 screws.
First, using the pattern selector knob (A), select
straight stitch / center needle position (B).
94 Next, gently remove the pattern selector knob (A).
Next, carefully remove the stitch width knob by Next, you’ll need to disconnect the colored
inserting your finger behind the knob at the ten plastic cable that runs from the pattern selector
o'clock position. dial to the pattern display. Do this by carefully
lifting the black plastic guide (C) with a small
screwdriver and slipping the cable out from
under it. Be careful not to crimp or cut the cable.

Remove the stitch length knob.

Here’s a view with the front cover removed.

95
I’m holding the cable.
The front cover is removed by working it straight off the Remove the throat plate by sliding it towards you
front of the machine. It will often hang-up along the and lifting it out. The toe of the presser foot
base, just to the right of the free-arm, and above the works well as a tool.
take-up lever slot. You can then lift out the gray bobbin case cover
(on some models, this is held in with a #10 Torx
screw), then lift out the bobbin case.

Computerized machines will have cables connecting the

front cover to the main circuit board on the chassis. Carefully
unplug these cables. Follow electrostatic discharge rules to
safeguard the boards from static electricity damage. Pictured, a computerized Viking® ready
96
for service.
Adjustments & Maintenance Loop Lift (Needle/Hook Timing)

Needle Position, on Mechanical/Non-electronic 1. Install a good needle, and set the

Models needle position to the center.
2. With the hand wheel, position the
needle bar to its lowest position.

3. Place the spring loaded timing gauge (E)

around the needle bar. Slide the gauge upward
until the retractable pin just makes contact with the
needle bar bushing or any stable structure
convenient to the gauge. Tighten the thumb
screw.

The needle position is adjusted with eccentric

screw (D)
97
4. Rotate the hand wheel toward you until the Needle Bar Height
needle bar rises and fully compresses the gauge’s
retractable pin. At this point the hand wheel will not
turn any farther because the gauge has stopped the
needle bar. You have now caused the needle bar to
rise precisely 2.3mm. The machine is now in it’s
timed position.
If the needle/hook timing is correct, the tip of the
hook will be approximately behind the left edge of
the needle (F).
5. If an adjustment is needed, loosen the three
timing screws (G) on the top shaft timing belt pulley
and rotate the hook into position. The pulley is
near the hand wheel, usually behind the bobbin You will be using the tip of the hook as your
winder. Tighten the black set screws first. It may reference when adjusting the needle bar height.
be necessary to exchange positions between the Make certain that the needle/hook timing is
silver (pointed) set screw, and one of the black adjusted correctly before continuing.
screws. 1. Set the needle position to the full left position.
2. With the hand wheel, position the tip of the hook
98 so that it is flush with the left side of the needle.
The needle bar height is correct if the
hook tip (H) is just slightly above the top
of the needle eye. No part of the hook
tip should be visible through the needle
eye.

Feed Dog Height

3. If the needle bar height requires adjustment,

loosen set screw (I), through the rear of the
machine, and move the needle bar up or down
as needed. This screw does not need to be very
tight. Do not over-tighten!

Needle/Hook Clearance
The clearance between the needle and the hook
should be 0.05mm. In other words; the needle
The feed dog height should be approximately
should be close to, but not quite touching, the
0.9mm to 1.0mm. The BERNINA feed dog height
hook. Adjust with the two screws (J), if needed.
gauge works well to check this. Adjustment is
Note that the two screws work together to
made by rotating a small wheel, which is located
position and hold the adjustment.
beneath the feed dogs, within the rear of the free-
99 arm.
Other Common Adjustments Bobbin Tension

Feed Balance

20 grams of bobbin tension is usually

appropriate with Metrosene thread.
The feed balance is adjusted either
through a hole on the front of the machine Lubrication
(shown), or one on the underside of the
machine.

100
 Oil
Grease

101
Suggested Shop Supplies & Tools
✓Timing gauge, Part #101360-20, Brewer
✓Dial tension gauge, Part #DT-100G, Brewer
✓Allen wrenches, (Inch sizes)
✓Zymol car polish
✓Kerosene, clear
✓Solvent cleaner/degreaser spray, Sprayway® C-60 Part# SW-60, Brewer,
✓WD-40®
✓Emory paper, 400 and 600 grit
✓Emory tape Part #E56, Brewer
Brewer #101360-20
✓Lint Brush Part #1305 Brewer
✓Book, “FEATHERWEIGHT 221, THE PERFECT PORTABLE”
✓“Selling From the Tech Room” presentation, available on the 2017 BERNINA
University CD
✓Service reminder stickers #STR1 BERNINA (or make your own, pictured,
www.pamcolable.com)
✓Service reminder postcards

Brewer #DT-100G

102