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    Numerical Analysis

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    haniaahmad6025
    The document discusses various operations that can be performed on polynomials using MATLAB such as defining polynomials, finding roots, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing polynomials, and evaluating polynomials at given values. Polynomials in MATLAB are defined as row vectors of coefficients. Functions like roots(), poly(), conv(), deconv(), and polyval() are used to manipulate and evaluate polynomials.

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    Numerical Analysis

    Uploaded by

    haniaahmad6025
    11 views14 pages
    The document discusses various operations that can be performed on polynomials using MATLAB such as defining polynomials, finding roots, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing polynomials, and evaluating polynomials at given values. Polynomials in MATLAB are defined as row vectors of coefficients. Functions like roots(), poly(), conv(), deconv(), and polyval() are used to manipulate and evaluate polynomials.

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    Design analysis of mechanical Engineering

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    The document discusses various operations that can be performed on polynomials using MATLAB such as defining polynomials, finding roots, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing polynomials, and evaluating polynomials at given values. Polynomials in MATLAB are defined as row vectors of coefficients. Functions like roots(), poly(), conv(), deconv(), and polyval() are used to manipulate and evaluate polynomials.

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    11 views14 pages

    Numerical Analysis

    Uploaded by

    haniaahmad6025
    The document discusses various operations that can be performed on polynomials using MATLAB such as defining polynomials, finding roots, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing polynomials, and evaluating polynomials at given values. Polynomials in MATLAB are defined as row vectors of coefficients. Functions like roots(), poly(), conv(), deconv(), and polyval() are used to manipulate and evaluate polynomials.

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    NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LAB

    NS-321L
    LECTURE – 3: POLYNOMIALS
    Polynomial

    • Degree : ??

    • For help abut polynomials in matlab, type help polyfun

    2
    Polynomials in MATLAB
    • MATLAB provides a number of functions for the manipulation
    of polynomials. These include,
    • Evaluation of polynomials
    • Finding roots of polynomials
    • Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of polynomials
    • Dealing with rational expressions of polynomials
    • Curve fitting

    Polynomials are defined in MATLAB as row vectors made up of the


    coefficients of the polynomial, whose dimension is n+1, n being the degree
    of the polynomial

    p = [1 -12 0 25 116] represents x4 - 12x3 + 25x + 116

    3
    Roots
    • >>p = [1, -12, 0, 25, 116]; % 4th order polynomial
    >>r = roots(p)
    r =
    11.7473
    2.7028
    -1.2251 + 1.4672i
    -1.2251 - 1.4672i
    • From a set of roots we can also determine the polynomial
    >>pp = poly(r)
    r =
    1 -12 -1.7764e-014 25 116

    4
    Exercise

    5x^12−2x^6+x^5−198x+1 degree :12

    x^4−x^3+x^2−x+1 degree :4

    56x^23 degree :23

    5x−7 degree :1

    −8 degree :0
    Addition and Subtraction
    • MATLAB does not provide a direct function for adding or subtracting
    polynomials unless they are of the same order, when they are of the same
    order, normal matrix addition and subtraction applies, d = a + b and e = a – b
    are defined when a and b are of the same order.
    • When they are not of the same order, the lesser order polynomial must be
    padded with leading zeroes before adding or subtracting the two polynomials.
    >>p1=[3 15 0 -10 -3 15 -40];
    >>p2 = [3 0 -2 -6];
    >>p = p1 + [0 0 0 p2];
    >>p =
    3 15 0 -7 -3 13 -46
    The lesser polynomial is padded and then added or subtracted as appropriate.

    6
    Exercise

    • Add (𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟓𝟓 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒙𝒙𝟒𝟒 − 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟑𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟐𝟐 + 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 − 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗) 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 (𝟏𝟏𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 + 𝟓𝟓)
    >> p1 = [6 -10 -6 -106 45 -99]
    >> p2 = [0 0 0 1 -9 5] (Padding!!!)
    >> p1 + p2

    MATRIX DIMENSIONS MUST AGREE!!!!

    • Subtract (𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟑𝟑 − 𝟗𝟗𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 − 𝟗𝟗𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒙𝒙 − 𝟑𝟑) 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 (𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏)


    Multiplication
    • Polynomial multiplication is supported by the conv function. For the two
    polynomials
    a(x) = x3 + 2x2 + 3x + 4
    b(x) = x3 + 4x2 + 9x + 16
    >>a = [1 2 3 4];
    >>b = [1 4 9 16];
    >>c = conv(a,b)
    c =
    1 6 20 50 75 84 64
    or c(x) = x6 + 6x5 + 20x4 + 50x3 + 75x2 + 84x + 64

    8
    Exercise

    • 4x^2(x^2−6^x+2)

    • (3x+5)(x−10)

    • (4x^4−x)(6−3x)

    • (3x^5+7y)(x^4−2y)

    • (2x+3)(x^2−x+1)
    Multiplication II

    • Couple observations
    • Multiplication of more than two polynomials
    requires repeated use of the conv function.
    • Polynomials need not be of the same order to use
    the conv function.
    • Remember that functions can be nested so
    conv(conv(a,b),c) makes sense.
    Examples
    • (3x+5)(x−10)(4x^4−x)(
    • (3x^5+7y)(x^4−2y)(x^2−x+1)

    10
    Division
    • Division takes care of the case where we want to divide one polynomial
    by another, in MATLAB we use the deconv function.
    • In general polynomial division yields a quotient polynomial and a
    remainder polynomial. Let’s look at two cases;
    • Case 1: suppose f(x)/g(x) has no remainder;
    >>f=[2 9 7 -6];
    >>g=[1 3];
    >>[q,r] = deconv(f,g)
    q=
    2 3 -2 q(x) = 2x2 + 3x -2
    r =
    0 0 0 0 r(x) = 0

    11
    Division-II
    • The representation of r looks strange, but MATLAB outputs r
    padding it with leading zeros so that length(r) = length of f, or
    length(f).
    • Case 2: now suppose f(x)/g(x) has a remainder,
    >>f=[2 -13 0 75 2 0 -60];
    >>g=[1 0 -5];
    >>[q,r] = deconv(f,g)
    q=
    2 -13 10 10 52 q(x) = 2x4 - 13x3 + 10x2 + 10x + 52
    r=
    2 – 6 -12 r(x) = -2x2 – 6x -12

    12
    Exercise

    • (x^2−6^x+2)/(4x^2)

    • (3x+5)/(x−10)

    • (4x^4−x)/(6−3x)

    • (3x^5+7y)/(x^4−2y)

    • (x^2−x+1)/ (2x+3)
    Evaluation
    • MATLAB provides the function polyval to evaluate polynomials. To use polyval
    you need to provide the polynomial to evaluate and the range of values where
    the polynomial is to be evaluated. Consider,
    >>p = [1 4 -7 -10];
    To evaluate p at x=5, use
    >> polyval(p,5)
    To evaluate for a set of values,
    >>y = polyval(p,[x1,x2,x3….]);

    Exercise
    What's the value of 5x2 – 3x – 4 when x = -1?
    What's the value of x4 – 16 when x = 2,6,7?
    Evaluate – x4 +2x2 for x = 3, -2?

    14

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