Operations with Integers

Adding Integers
• Negative + Negative: Add the absolute values of the two numbers and make the answer
negative.

ex: -5 + (-9) 5 + 9 = 14 answer: -14

• Negative + Positive (or Positive + Negative): Subtract the absolute values of the two numbers
(larger minus smaller) and take the sign of the number with the greater absolute value.

ex: -7 + 12 12 - 7 = 5 12 > 7, so answer is positive answer: 5

ex: 6 + (-9) 9-6=3 9 > 6, so answer is negative answer: -3

Subtracting Integers
• Keep the first number the same, change the subtraction sign to an addition sign, and
change the sign of the second number. Then use the integer addition rules.

ex: -3 - 9 -3 + (-9) = -12

ex: 15 - (-8) 15 + 8 = 23

ex: -6 - (-4) -6 + 4 = -2

Multiplying & Dividing Integers

Ignore the signs and multiply or divide as usual. Then determine the sign of the answer using
the following rules:
• Negative · or ÷ Negative = Positive
• Negative · or ÷ Positive (or Positive · or ÷ Negative) = Negative

ex: -3 · (-5) 3 · 5 = 15 neg · neg = pos answer: 15

ex: 48 ÷ (-6) 48 ÷ 6 = 8 pos ÷ neg = neg answer: -8

Order of Operations
Parentheses
Exponents
Multiplication & Division (left to right)
Addition & Subtraction (left to right)
Find the sum or difference.
1. -80 + 77 2. 77 + 160 3. -64 + (-33) 4. 104 - (-92)

5. -105 - (-122) 6. 185 - (-154) 7. -53 - (-59) 8. -6 + (-35)

9. 15 - (-26) - (-39) 10. -93 + 191 + (-179) 11. 18 + (-34) + 52 12. -50 - (-93) + (-17)

Find the product or quotient.

13. 60 ÷ 12 14. -194 ÷ (-2) 15. 88 ∙ (-2) 16. -12 ∙ 10

17. -10 ∙ (-11) 18. 90 ÷ (-6) 19. 3 ∙ (-59) 20. -7 ∙ (-2)

21. -28 ÷ (-88) ∙ (-22) 22. -56 ∙ 140 ÷ (-80) 23. 108 ÷ (-11) ∙ (-11) 24. -84 ∙ (-17) ÷ 42

Evaluate the numerical expression. (Be sure to use the order of operations!)
25. -78 + (-2) ∙ (-56) 26. -65 + 6 ÷ (-3) + 40 27. -94 - (84 - 10) 28. 43 + (-23) - (-57)

29. -15 - (-11) + 5 ∙ (-4) 30. -26 - (-64) + (-93) 31. -84 ÷ 4 + (-20) 32. -56 + (-50) + (-10) ∙ (-9)
 Operations with Rational Numbers

Adding & Subtracting Rational Numbers

Determine whether you should add or subtract using integer rules. Then add or subtract.

• Decimals: Line up the decimal points. Then add or subtract and bring the decimal point
down. Use integer rules to determine the sign of the answer.
9. 80
ex: -9.8 + 6.24 neg + pos: subtract - answer: -3.56
6.24
3.56

• Fractions/Mixed Numbers: Find a common denominator and then add or subtract. Borrow
or convert an improper fraction answer, if necessary. Use integer rules to determine the
sign of the answer.
=
+
ex: 5 3 − −3 78 5 3+ 3 78 pos + pos: add = answer: 9
4 4
8

Multiplying & Dividing Rational Numbers

Determine the sign of the answer using integer rules. Then multiply or divide.

• Multiplying Decimals: Ignore the decimal points. Multiply the numbers. Then count the
decimal places in the problem to determine the location of the decimal point in the answer.
x
9.23
ex: -9.23 · (-1.1) neg · neg = pos 1.1 answer: 10.153
923
9230
10153
• Dividing Decimals: Move the decimal in the divisor to the end of the number. Move the
decimal in the dividend the same number of places and then bring it straight up in quotient.
26.
ex: -5.2 ÷ 0.2 neg ÷ pos = neg 02. 52. answer: -26

• Multiplying Fractions: Convert mixed numbers to improper fractions. Then cross-simplify.

Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators. Simplify if necessary.

6 1 7 63 3 3
ex: -1 3 · neg · pos = neg · = answer: -
4 14 2 4 142 4 4

• Dividing Fractions: Convert mixed numbers to improper fractions. Then flip the second
fraction to its reciprocal and multiply the two fractions. Simplify if necessary.

1 8 4 4 1
ex: - 1 ÷ − 3 neg ÷ neg = pos · = 3 answer: 1 3
2 8 1 2 3
Find the sum, difference, product, or quotient.
33. 38.61 + 36.841 34. 1.755 - 1.23 35. 0.71 ∙ 9.2 36. 13.12 ÷ 0.1

37. 3.651 - (-12.63) 38. -3.9 + (-7.6) 39. 17.6 ∙ 4.3 40. 6 ∙ (-16.7)

41. 26.474 - 14.527 42. -2.1 + 3.78 43. -6.15 ÷ (-8.2) 44. -12.8 ∙ (-4.88)

Find the sum, difference, product, or quotient.

45. 15 1/2 + 15 1/4 46. 18 11/20 - 17 1/2 47. 2 1/4 ∙ 1 4/5 48. 3 1/2 ÷ 1 3/7

49. 3 1/3 - 5 1/9 50. 5 ∙ (-1 2/5) 51. -4 2/3 + (-1 3/4) 52. - 5/6 ÷ (-2 1/6)

53. 9 ÷ (-4 1/2) 54. -18 + 3 4/5 55. -5 2/3 ∙ (-2 5/6) 56. -5 3/4 - (-3 7/8)
 Solving Equations

Solving One-Step Equations

• Cancel out the number on the same side of the equation as the variable by using the
inverse operation. (Addition/Subtraction; Multiplication/Division). Be sure to do the same
thing to both sides of the equation!
6x = -18
ex: 6x = -18 answer: x = -3
6 6

ex: y + 23 = -9 y + 23 = -9 answer: y = -32

-23 -23

h 3· h =4 ·3
ex: =4 answer: h = 12
3 3

ex: w - 13 = -5 w - 13 = -5 answer: w = 8
+13 +13

Solving Two-Step Equations

• Undo operations using inverse operations one at a time using the order of operations in
reverse. (i.e.: undo addition/subtraction before undoing multiplication/division)

ex: 7x - 4 = -32 7x - 4 = -32 7x = -28 answer: x = -4

+4 +4 7 7

j j j
ex: 5 + 13 = 15 5 + -13
13 = 15 5·5=2 ·5 answer: j = 10
-13

b+ 7 3 · b + 7 = -2 · 3
ex: 3 = -2 3 b + 7 = -6 answer: b = -13
-7 -7
Solve the one-step equation.
x
57. 19 + j = -34 58. m - 26 = 13 59. = -3 60. 12f = 216
5

61. g - (-31) = -7 62.

h
= 13 63. b + (-3) = -9 64. -4w = -280
9

Solve the two-step equation.

y
65. 5m - 3 = 27 66. 7 + = -3 67. 4 + 3r = -8 68. 1/2p - 4 = 7
2

f g
69.
k+8
= -2 70. - (-13) = 12 71. -15 - = -5 72. -8 + 4m = 2
3 5 3

73. -18 - 3/4 v = 3 -5 + n 75. 3.5m + 0.75 = -6.25 76. 2y + 3 = 19

74. = -1
4
 Proportions and Percent

Solving Proportions
• Set cross-products equal to each other and then solve the one-step equation for the given
variable.

5 4
ex: = 5 ·10 = 4b 50 = 4b answer: b = 12.5
b 10
4 4

Solving Percent Problems with Proportions

% part
• Set up and solve a proportion as follows: 100 =
whole

x 25
ex: 25 is what percent of 500? 100 = 500 answer: x = 5%

15 x
ex: What is 15% of 88? 100 = 88 answer: x = 13.2

30 18
ex: 18 is 30% of what number? 100 = x answer: x = 60

Solving Percent Problems with Equations

• Translate the question to an equation and then solve. (Be sure to convert percents to
decimals or fractions.)

ex: 20 is 40% of what number? 20 = 0.4x answer: x = 50

ex: 8 is what percent of 32? 8 = 32x x = 0.25 answer: 25%

ex: What is 25% of 88? x = 0.25 · 88 answer: x = 22

Real-World Percent Problems

(This is just one way of many to solve real-world percent problems)

• Tax: Find the amount of tax using a proportion or equation. Then add the tax to the
original amount to find the total cost.

• Discount: Find the amount of the discount using a proportion or equation. Then subtract
the amount of discount from the original price to find the sale price.
Solve the proportion.
h 20 5 c 6 21 30 26
77. = 78. = 79. = 80. =
6 24 7 14 8 b j 39

5 15 32 a 16 18 w 15
81. = 82. = 83. = 84. =
k 20 112 14 7 g 60 200

Solve the percent problem.

85. Find 15% of 85. 86. 6 is 75% of what 87. 40 is what percent 88. What is 20% of 45?
number? of 320?

89. 70 is what percent ̅ % of 81.

90. Find 33.3 91. A $58 camera is on 92. Find the total price
of 350? sale for 20% off. of a $14.00 shirt
Find the sale price. including the 7%
sales tax.
 Geometry

Geometry Basics
• Perimeter is the distance around a polygon

• Circumference is the distance around a circle

• Area is the space inside a figure

• Volume is the capacity of a 3-dimensional figure

• Surface Area is the sum of the areas of all the faces on a 3-dimensional figure

2-Dimensional Geometry Formulas

• Perimeter of Any Figure: sum of side lengths

• Circumference = π · diameter

• Area of Parallelogram = base · height

1
• Area of Triangle = 2 · base · height

1
• Area of Trapezoid = 2 · height(base1 + base2)

• Area of Circle = π · radius2

3-Dimensional Geometry Formulas

• Volume of Rectangular Prism = length · width · height

• Volume of Cylinder = π · radius2 · height

• Surface Area of Rectangular Prism = 2 · length · width + 2 · length · height + 2 · height · width

• Surface Area of Cylinder = 2 · π · radius2 + 2 · π · radius · height

Find the perimeter (or circumference) and area. Use 3.14 for pi.
93. 15 cm 94.

23 mm
5 cm 4 cm

9 cm

95. 96.

2 in
5 in 10 m
3 in
19 m
6 in

Find the surface area and volume.

97. 98.

3 in
8 cm 2 in
12 in
8 cm
8 cm

99. 100.
7 cm
9 mm
3 cm

13 mm