The document discusses analog and digital signals, describing their key differences and characteristics. An analog signal is continuous while a digital signal takes on discrete values. Analog to digital conversion samples an analog signal and assigns a digital value, while digital to analog conversion converts binary values to continuous analog voltages.
The document discusses analog and digital signals, describing their key differences and characteristics. An analog signal is continuous while a digital signal takes on discrete values. Analog to digital conversion samples an analog signal and assigns a digital value, while digital to analog conversion converts binary values to continuous analog voltages.
The document discusses analog and digital signals, describing their key differences and characteristics. An analog signal is continuous while a digital signal takes on discrete values. Analog to digital conversion samples an analog signal and assigns a digital value, while digital to analog conversion converts binary values to continuous analog voltages.
The document discusses analog and digital signals, describing their key differences and characteristics. An analog signal is continuous while a digital signal takes on discrete values. Analog to digital conversion samples an analog signal and assigns a digital value, while digital to analog conversion converts binary values to continuous analog voltages.
A signal is an electromagnetic or electrical current
that is used for carrying data from one system or network to another. In signal processing, a signal is a function that conveys information. In electronics and telecommunications, it refers to any time varying voltage, current or electromagnetic wave that carries information. A signal may also be defined as an observable change in a quality such as quantity. • Analog Signal • Analog signal is a continuous signal in which one time- varying quantity represents another time-based variable. • These kind of signals works with physical values and natural phenomena such as earthquake, frequency, volcano, speed of wind, weight, lighting, etc. • Digital Signal • A digital signal is a signal that is used to represent data as a sequence of separate values at any point in time. • It can only take on one of a fixed number of values. • This type of signal represents a real number within a constant range of values. • Characteristics OF Analog Signal • These type of electronic signal are continuous signals • Minimum and maximum values which is either positive or negative. • It can be either periodic or non-periodic. • Analog Signal works on continuous data. • The accuracy of the analog signal is not high when compared to the digital signal. • It helps you to measure natural or physical values. • Analog signal output form is like Curve, Line, or Graph, so it may not be meaningful to all.
• Characteristics of Digital Signals
• Digital signals are time-varying . • This type of electronic signals can be processed and transmitted better compared to analog signal. • Digital signals are versatile, so it is widely used. • The accuracy of the digital signal is better than that of the analog signal. Analog Digital • An analog signal is a continuous signal that represents Digital signals are time separated signals which are physical measurements. generated using digital modulation.
It is denoted by sine waves It is denoted by square waves
It uses a continuous range of values that help you to Digital signal uses discrete 0 and 1 to represent represent information. information. Temperature sensors, FM radio signals, Photocells, Computers, CDs, DVDs are some examples of Digital Light sensor, Resistive touch screen are examples of signal. Analog signals. The analog signal bandwidth is low The digital signal bandwidth is high. Analog signals are deteriorated by noise throughout Relatively a noise-immune system without transmission as well as write/read cycle. deterioration during the transmission process and write/read cycle. Analog hardware never offers flexible Digital hardware offers flexibility in implementation. implementation. It is suited for audio and video transmission. It is suited for Computing and digital electronics.
Processing can be done in real-time and consumes It never gives a guarantee that digital signal processing lesser bandwidth compared to a digital signal. can be performed in real time.
Analog instruments usually have s scale which is Digital instruments never cause any kind of cramped at lower end and gives considerable observational errors. observational errors. Analog signal doesn't offer any fixed range. Digital signal has a finite number, i.e., 0 and 1. • Advantages of Analog Signals • Easier in processing • Best suited for audio and video transmission. • It has a low cost and is portable. • It has a much higher density so that it can present more refined information. • Not necessary to buy a new graphics board. • Uses less bandwidth than digital sounds • Provide more accurate representation of a sound • It is the natural form of a sound. • Advantages of Digital Signals • Digital data can be easily compressed. • Any information in the digital form can be encrypted. • Equipment that uses digital signals is more common and less expensive. • Digital signal makes running instruments free from observation errors like parallax and approximation errors. • A lot of editing tools are available • You can edit the sound without altering the original copy • Easy to transmit the data over networks • Disadvantages of Analog Signals • Analog tends to have a lower quality signal than digital. • The cables are sensitive to external influences. • The cost of the Analog wire is high and not easily portable. • Low availability of models with digital interfaces. • Recording analog sound on tape is quite expensive if the tape is damaged • It offers limitations in editing • Tape is becoming hard to find • It is quite difficult to synchronize analog sound • Quality is easily lost • Data can become corrupted • Plenty of recording devices and formats which can become confusing to store a digital signal • Digital sounds can cut an analog sound wave which means that you can't get a perfect reproduction of a sound • Offers poor multi-user interfaces • Disadvantage of Digital Signals • Sampling may cause loss of information. • A/D and D/A demands mixed-signal hardware • Processor speed is limited • Develop quantization and round-off errors • It requires greater bandwidth • Systems and processing is more complex. • Analog to Digital Conversion • Analog-to-Digital converters (ADC) translate analog signals, real world signals like temperature, pressure, voltage, current, distance, or light intensity, into a digital representation of that signal. This digital representation can then be processed, manipulated, computed, transmitted or stored. • • An ADC converts an analog waveform at uniform time intervals and assigns a digital value to each sample. • The digital value appears on the converter’s output in a binary coded format. • The value is obtained by dividing the sampled analog input voltage by the reference voltage and them multiplying by the number of digital codes. • The resolution of converter is set by the number of binary bits in the output code. • • Digital to Analog Conversion • A Digital to Analog Converter commonly referred as DAC, D/A or D2A is a device that converts binary values (0s and 1s) to a set of continuous analog voltages. There are many techniques in which this is done, each with its own advantage and disadvantage. • A computer is a binary machine operating in an analog world, so to be able to produce an output that is understandable by other devices a DAC is used. • For example, a computer stores audio in the form of binary values of the sound wave. • In order to play these back as sound on a speaker we need analog signals, because as we know the speaker’s diaphragm vibrates based on the intensity of the analog signal to produce sound/music. • So here, we will use a DAC to convert the digital audio file to analog signal in order to play it on a speaker.
