AP Statistics Test B – Modeling Data – Part II Name ____________________

___ 1. All but one of the statements below contain a mistake. Which one could be true?
A) The correlation between height and weight is 0.568 inches per pound.
B) The correlation between weight and length of foot is 0.488.
C) The correlation between the breed of a dog and its weight is 0.435.
D) The correlation between gender and age is -0.171.
E) If the correlation between blood alcohol level and reaction time is 0.73, then the
correlation between reaction time and blood alcohol level is -0.73.

___ 2. A correlation of zero between two quantitative variables means that

A) we have done something wrong in our calculation of r.
B) there is no association between the two variables.
C) there is no linear association between the two variables.
D) re-expressing the data will guarantee a linear association between the two variables.
E) None of the above.

___ 3. A residuals plot is useful because

I. it will help us to see whether our model is appropriate.
II. it might show a pattern in the data that was hard to see in the original scatterplot.
III. it will clearly identify influential points.
A) I only B) II only C) I and II only D) I and III only E) I, II, and III

___ 4. Which of the following is not a goal of re-expressing data?

A) Make the distribution of a variable more symmetric.
B) Make the spread of several groups more alike.
C) Make the form of a scatterplot more nearly linear.
D) Make the scatter in a scatterplot spread out evenly rather than following a fan shape.
E) All of the above are goals of re-expressing data.

___ 5. The correlation coefficient between the hours that a person is awake during a 24-hour
period and the hours that same person is asleep during a 24-hour period is most likely to be
A) exactly +1.0 B) near +0.8 C) near 0 D) near -0.8 E) exactly -1.0

___ 6. The correlation coefficient between high school grade point average (GPA) and college
GPA is 0.560. For a student with a high school GPA that is 2.5 standard deviations above
the mean, we would expect that student to have a college GPA that is the mean.
A) equal to B) 0.56 SD above C) 1.4 SD above D) 2.5 SD above

___ 7. A regression analysis of students’ college grade point averages (GPAs) and their high
school GPAs found R2 = 0.311. Which of these is true?
I. High school GPA accounts for 31.1% of college GPA.
II. 31.1% of college GPAs can be correctly predicted with this model.
III. 31.1% of the variance in college GPA can be accounted for by the model

A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II E) None

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___ 8. Although there are annual ups and downs, over the long run, growth in the stock market
averages about 9% per year. A model that best describes the value of a stock portfolio is
probably:
A) linear B) logarithmic C) exponential D) power E) quadratic

___ 9. When using midterm exam scores to predict a student’s final grade in a class, the student
would prefer to have a
A) positive residual, because that means the student’s final grade is higher than we would
predict with the model.
B) positive residual, because that means the student’s final grade is lower than we would
predict with the model.
C) residual equal to zero, because that means the student’s final grade is exactly what we
would predict with the model.
D) negative residual, because that means the student’s final grade is lower than we would
predict with the model.
E) negative residual, because that means the student’s final grade is higher than we would
predict with the model.

___ 10.The model distance ˆ 3.30  0.235( speed ) can be used to predict the stopping distance
(in feet) for a car traveling at a specific speed (in mph). According to this model, about
how much distance will a car going 65 mph need to stop?
A) 4.3 feet B) 18.6 feet C) 27.0 feet D) 345.0 feet E) 729.0 feet

11. Storks Data show that there is a positive association between the population of 17 European
countries and the number of stork pairs in those countries.
a. Briefly explain what “positive association” means in this context.

b. Wildlife advocates want the stork population to grow, and jokingly suggest that citizens
should be encouraged to have children. As a statistician, what do you think of this
suggestion? Explain briefly.

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12. Personal debt According to The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2004, the debt per capita
for the years 1990-2001 gives the following scatterplot:
Scatterplot of Debt per capita ($) vs Debt Year
20000

19000

18000

Debt per capita ($)

17000

16000

15000

14000

13000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Debt Year

Regression output gives the equation of the regression line as

ˆ 2, 231, 226  1128(Year ) with R2 = 98.8%.
Debt

a. What is the response variable?

b. What is the correlation coefficient r?

c. Explain in context what the slope of the line means.

d. Explain in context what R2 = 98.8% means.

e. You decide to take a look at a residuals plot before making any predictions. Based on the
following residuals plot, does linear regression seem appropriate for these data? Explain.
Residuals Versus the Fitted Values
(response is Debt per capita ($))
400

300

200

100
Residual

-100

-200

-300

-400
13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000
Fitted Value

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13. Studying for exams A philosophy professor has found a correlation of 0.80 between the
number of hours students study for his exams and their exam performance. During the time he
collected the data, students studied an average of 10 hours with a standard deviation of 2.5
hours, and scored an average of 80 points with a standard deviation of 7.5 points.
a. Create a linear model to estimate the number of points a student will score on the next
exam from the number of hours the student studies.

b. If a student studies for 15 hours, what score should the student expect on the next exam?
Show your work.

14. Height and weight Suppose that both height and weight of adult men can be described with
Normal models, and that the correlation between these variables is 0.65. If a man’s height
places him at the 60th percentile, at what percentile would you expect his weight to be?

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15. Carbon dating QuarkNet, a project funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S.
Department of Energy, poses the following problem on its website:
“Last year, deep within the Soudan mine, QuarkNet teachers began a long-term experiment to
measure the amount of carbon-14 remaining in an initial 100-gram sample at 2000-year
intervals. The experiment will be complete in the year 32001. Fortunately, a method for
sending information backwards in time will be discovered in the year 29998, so, although the
experiment is far from over, the results are in.”
Here is a portion of the data:
Time (yr) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000
Mass (g) 100 76 61 47 36 29 22 17 13 10

A scatterplot of these data looks like:

Scatterplot of Mass (g) vs Time (yr)

100

80
Mass (g)

60

40

20

0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (yr)

a. Straighten the scatterplot by re-expressing these data and create an appropriate model for
predicting the mass from the year.

b. Use your model to estimate what the mass will be after 7500 years.

c. Can you use your model to predict when 50 g of the sample will be left? Explain.

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