Lab 7 PG

Power Generation
EE-324L
Spring-2024
CLO Marks
Obtained Marks
Lab Engineer

Comments & Signature
Lab Report
Submitted By
Student Name Registration No.

Muhammad Abdullah 02-3-1-028-2021
Muhammad Mubashir 02-3-1-034-2021
Zaeem Khan 02-3-1-063-2021
Section: Power Group: 2

Lab: 07 Date of Submission: 13 May, 2024
Lab Title:
Sizing a net-metering based grid-connected PV System
Batch: Teacher:
2021-2025 Dr. Muhammad Arif
Semester Lab Engineer
6th Engr. Muhammad Arsalan
Department of Electrical Engineering

Lab7: Sizing a net-metering based
grid-connected PV System
7.1 Abstract
This report presents a comprehensive analysis of sizing a net-metering based grid-
connected PV system for the location of Nilore. The assessment begins with an
evaluation of the solar resource using data obtained from the European Commission’s
PVGIS platform. Subsequently, the yearly average daily peak-sun-hours are derived
from the solar irradiation data. The energy requirement for the location is estimated
on a yearly average daily basis. The sizing of the inverter and array, along with
the selection of the most suitable components available in the market, is detailed,
considering factors like efficiency, reliability, and compatibility. The utilization of
HOMER software to further refine the system sizing and design.
7.2 Introduction
To design a net-metering based grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) system for the
location of Nilore. With the increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions,
harnessing solar power through grid-connected PV systems has become imperative.
Nilore’s solar potential makes it an ideal candidate for such a system. Estimate energy
requirements, size components, configure the array layout, and optimize the system
using HOMER software.
HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) is a powerful soft-
ware tool used for optimizing the design of microgrid and distributed generation
systems. It allows for the simulation and analysis of various renewable energy tech-
nologies, energy storage options, and system configurations to determine the most
cost-effective and reliable solution.
7.3 Tasks
7.3.1 Assessment of Solar resources
So the panel which shows the graphical visulization of data is below
1
Sizing a net-metering based grid-connected PV System Lab 7
Figure 7.1: Monthly solar radiations estimates based on angle of 45
Now the results of same section was visualized in tabulated form that is also below
for each month there are different respected radiations emitted on collected of solar
or PV panel that will demand the energy and ectract from Panel as shown below
Figure 7.2: Monthly energy extracted from PV panel
7.3.2 Daily Peak Sun hour

Year 2015:
Total Annual Global Irradiation = 169.82 + 126.72 + 151.74 + 172.19 + 188.12 + 169.83 + 148.
+ 192.10 + 192.92 + 149.20 + 163.53
= 1954.55
1954.55
Yearly Average Daily Peak Sun Hours = ≈ 5.35 hours
365
Year 2016:
Total Annual Global Irradiation = 160.58 + 179.69 + 140.88 + 166.78 + 195.97 + 187.90 + 179.
+ 195.42 + 213.50 + 159.39 + 178.35
= 2255.21
2255.21
Yearly Average Daily Peak Sun Hours = ≈ 6.16 hours
366
7.3.3 Daily Load energy requirement for Computer Centre

Now, to calculate the yearly average daily energy requirement, assuming 365 days in
a year:
92000
Yearly Average Daily Energy Requirement = ≈ 252.05 kWh
365
2
Equipment Number Power Rating (W) Total Power Consumption (W)

Computers 250 200 250 × 200 = 50000
Air Conditioners 20 1500 20 × 1500 = 30000
Light Bulbs 200 60 200 × 60 = 12000
Total 92000
Table 7.1: Calculation of Total Power Consumption
7.3.4 Inverter Sizing and Array Configuration

We will choose LONGI SOLAR MODULES
To size the inverter and array for the PV system at the computer center in Nilore,
we first need to determine the total power capacity required for the system. We’ve
already calculated the total power consumption, which is 92000 watts or 92 kW. For
selecting the inverter and solar modules, we need to consider several factors such as
efficiency, reliability, compatibility, and cost. Additionally, we should ensure that the
selected components can handle the power capacity required by the system. Let’s
assume we want to oversize the system slightly to accommodate potential future
expansions or losses in efficiency. We’ll aim for a total power capacity of around 100
kW. Let’s assume we want to oversize the system slightly to accommodate potential
future expansions or losses in efficiency.
To size the inverter and array, we consider the total power output of the system,
which is influenced by factors such as the total power consumption of the appliances,
the efficiency of the solar panels, and the solar irradiance at the location.
Calculations
1. Total Power Consumption of Equipment:
Total power consumption = Power consumption of computers

+ Power consumption of air conditioners
+ Power consumption of light bulbs
= 50000 + 30000 + 12000
= 92000 watts
2. Total Power Output of PV System:

Total power consumption
Total power output =
Efficiency of solar modules
92000
=
0.15
= 613333.33 watts
3. Size of Inverter (with oversizing factor of 1.2):
Size of inverter = Total power output × Oversizing factor

= 613333.33 × 1.2
= 736000 watts
3
4. Number of Solar Modules Required (with 800 watts/module):
Total power output

Number of solar modules =
Wattage rating of each module
613333.33
=
800
≈ 767 modules
So, for this system, we would need an inverter with a capacity of approximately
736 kW and around 767 solar modules with a wattage rating of 800 watts each.
⇐⇒ F orarrayconf iguration
To determine the array configuration, we consider the voltage and current require-
ments of the inverter and solar panels. Assuming each solar panel has a voltage of 35
volts and a current of 10 amps:
• Number of panels in series: Total voltage/35

• Number of panels in parallel: Total current/10
For example, if the inverter requires a voltage of 600 volts and a maximum current
of 1000 amps:
Number of panels in series ≈ 600/35 ≈ 17

Number of panels in parallel ≈ 1000/10 = 100
This configuration results in an array of 17 panels in series and 100 panels in parallel.
Given the efficiency of the solar modules as 16% and a power output up to 800W per
square meter, we can calculate the area required for the array.
The formula to calculate the area required is:
Total power output

Area =
Efficiency × Power output per square meter
Given that the total power output is 613,333.33 watts (as calculated earlier), and the
efficiency is 16%, we can substitute these values into the formula:
613, 333.33
Area =
0.16 × 800
613, 333.33
Area =
128
Area ≈ 4793.75 square meters
So, the array would require approximately 4793.75 square meters of space to accom-
modate the solar modules.
4
7.4 Discussion
Through the tasks of assessing solar resources, estimating energy requirements, sizing
inverters and arrays, and configuring a grid-connected PV system, we have gained
valuable insights into designing an efficient and effective renewable energy solution
tailored to the specific conditions of Nilore. By utilizing data on solar irradiation
and energy demand, we were able to size components and select appropriate equip-
ment, ensuring optimal performance and compatibility with the grid. Additionally,
employing tools like HOMER software allowed for further optimization and refine-
ment of the system design. Overall, this comprehensive analysis has equipped us with
the knowledge and tools necessary to implement a net-metering based grid-connected
PV system that not only meets the energy needs of Nilore but also contributes to
sustainability and resilience in the region.
7.5 Conclusion
In conclusion, this lab provided a thorough understanding of the design and implemen-
tation process for a net-metering based grid-connected PV system in Nilore PIEAS
Computer centre. By assessing solar resources, estimating energy requirements, and
sizing components, we have developed a tailored solution to meet the specific needs
of the location.

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Power Generation

Student Name Registration No.

Section: Power Group: 2

Department of Electrical Engineering

Figure 7.1: Monthly solar radiations estimates based on angle of 45

Figure 7.2: Monthly energy extracted from PV panel

7.3.2 Daily Peak Sun hour

7.3.3 Daily Load energy requirement for Computer Centre

Equipment Number Power Rating (W) Total Power Consumption (W)

Table 7.1: Calculation of Total Power Consumption

7.3.4 Inverter Sizing and Array Configuration

Total power consumption = Power consumption of computers

2. Total Power Output of PV System:

3. Size of Inverter (with oversizing factor of 1.2):

Size of inverter = Total power output × Oversizing factor

4. Number of Solar Modules Required (with 800 watts/module):

Total power output

• Number of panels in series: Total voltage/35

Number of panels in series ≈ 600/35 ≈ 17

Total power output

Area ≈ 4793.75 square meters

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