The Ideal Gas Law 3.

Gay-Lussac’s Law (Formulated by the French

An ideal gas or a perfect gas, is one in which the volume scientist, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac) “At constant
of the individual atoms (or molecules) is negligible volume, the pressure of gas is directly proportional
compared to the total volume of container. Also, because to the absolute temperature.”
the distance between atoms is so great, there are no forces
of attraction or repulsion; thus, one atom is not affected
by other atoms. The behavior of most gases approaches
P1 = P2
that of an ideal gas, especially the low densities resulting T1 T2
from low pressures and/or high temperatures. Where;
P1 and P2 are the pressures in any units
1. Charles’ Law (Formulated by the French T1 and T2 are the absolute temperatures.
physicist, Jacques Charles) “At constant pressure, the
volume of gas is directly proportional to the absolute Example 1:
temperature.” Mathematically, A certain gas has a pressure of 2,500 mmHg inside
a tank is cooled from 390F to 70F. What will be the
T1 = T2 resulting pressure in the tank? ANS. 1558.82 mmHg
V1 V2 Example 2:
Where; What is the final temperature of a certain gas
T1 = initial temperature of the gas initially with a pressure of 200 kPa at 212F if the
T2 = final temperature of the gas pressure is to be doubled? ANS. 746 K
V1 = initial volume of the gas
V2 = final volume of the gas 4. Combined Gas Law This law is the combination
of the gas laws. Mathematically,
Example 1:
During the daytime, a balloon has a volume of P1V1 = P2V2
2,000mL when the temperature is 32C. If the T1 T2
temperature dropped to 20C at night time, what will Where;
be the volume of the balloon if the pressure remains P1 and P2 are the pressures in any units,
the same? V1 and V2 are the pressures in any units and
Example 2: T1 and T2 are the absolute temperatures.
A gas is heated at constant pressure until its volume
reaches 1.45m3. The volume and temperature of the PV =mRT
gas before heating were 0.6 m3 and 350 K,
Pv = RT, if unit mass
respectively. What is the resulting temperature of the
Where;
gas after heating?
P = absolute pressure
V =volume
2. Boyle’s Law (Formulated by an Irish chemist,
v = specific volume
Robert Boyle) “At constant temperature, the volume
m = mass
of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.”
T = absolute temperature
Mathematically,
R = specific gas constant or simply gas constant

P1V1 = P2V2 Example 1:

Where; The tire of a bike has a volume of 0.6m3 and a
P1 and P2 are the pressures in any units pressure of 760 mmHg at 25C. If the bike is used in
V1 and V2 are the volumes in any units. the mountain where the pressure is 720 mmHg and
the temperature is 20C, what will be the volume of
Example 1: the tire? ANS. 0.623 m³
A 100 L of helium gas at room temperature with a Example 2: A certain gas is confined in a 3.5 L
pressure of 2 atm is transferred to another tank with container with a pressure of 3 atm at 20C. What is
a maximum capacity of only 50 L. If temperature is the required temperature for it to be transferred to
kept constant, what will be the pressure of the tank another container with a volume of 8.5 L and
after the transfer? pressure of 5.25 atm? ANS. 972.25 C
Example 2:
A 2,500 ft3 container contains a hydrogen gas with
a pressure of 900 psia. If it is required to have a
pressure of 750 psia, what is the required volume of
a container to have this pressure?