ANSI ASHRAE Standard 15.2-2022

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.
2-2022
Safety Standard for

Refrigeration Systems in
Residential Applications
Approved by ASHRAE and the American National Standards Institute on April 29, 2022.
This Standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards
Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for
timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the Standard. Instructions for how to submit a
change can be found on the ASHRAE ® website (www.ashrae.org/continuous-maintenance).
The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from
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reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions.
© 2022 ASHRAE ISSN 1 041 -2336
ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 1 5
Cognizant TCs: 1 0.1 , Custom Engineered Refrigeration Systems, and 9.1 , Large Building Air-Conditioning Systems
SPLS Liaison: Charles S. Barnaby
ASHRAE Staff Liaison: Ryan Shanley · ASHRAE Publications Staff: Matt Walker
Russell C. Tharp*, Chair Glenn Friedman* Greg Relue*†
Gregory A. Scrivener*, Vice-Chair Rakesh Goel Brian J. Rodgers*†
Danny M. Halel, Secretary* Davi L. Goergen* John P. Scott
Karim Amrane Sivakumar Gopalnarayanan † Jeffrey M. Shapiro
John A. Atkinson Craig Grider*† Eric M. Smith*
John Bade† Tim Halsor Stephen V. Spletzer*†
Els Baert Glenn C. Hourahan† Martin L. Timm
Michael D. Blanford† Phillip A. Johnson Douglas K. Tucker†
Wayne K. Borrowman* Mary E. Koban* Ronald P. Vallort
Larry D. Burns† Jay A. Kohler* Sriram Venkat†
James M. Calm KC Kolstad* James T. VerShaw†, Standard 1 5.2 Sub. Chair
Jim Caylor Scott M. MacBain John I. Vucci*
Matthew M. Clark* Jeffrey Newel* Wei Wang†
Roy R. Crawford† Roberto Pereira* Xudong Wang†
Wesley R. Davis† Jay Peters* Christopher W. Williams*
Paul L. Doppel Hung M. Pham George A. Yaeger†
Dennis R. Dorman Douglas T. Reindl*
* Denotes members of voting status on SSPC 1 5 when the document was approved for publication
† Denotes members of Standard 1 5. 2 Subcommittee
ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2021 –2022
Rick M. Heiden, Chair Essam E. Khalil Justin M. Prosser
Susanna S. Hanson, Vice-Chair Malcolm D. Knight David Robin
Charles S. Barnaby Jay A. Kohler Lawrence J. Schoen
Robert B. Burkhead Cesar L. Lim Steven C. Sill
Thomas E. Cappellin Paul A. Lindahl, Jr. Christian R. Taber
Douglas D. Fick James D. Lutz Russell C. Tharp
Michael W. Gallagher Julie Majurin William F. Walter
Patricia Graef Lawrence C. Markel Craig P. Wray
Srinivas Katipamula Margret M. Mathison Jaap Hogeling, BOD ExO
Gerald J. Kettler Gwelen Paliaga Tim J. McGinn, CO
Connor Barbaree, Senior Manager of Standards
SPECIAL NOTE
This American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is defined by the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement
reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.
Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this Standard is
voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.
ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.
ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The Project Committee
Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all must be technically
qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees.
The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for
a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,
b. participation in the next review of the Standard,
c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, or
d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.
DISCLAIMER
ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and accepted industry
practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed,
or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or
free from risk.
ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS

ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, by suggesting
safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may serve
to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely
voluntary.
In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied, that the
product has been approved by ASHRAE.
CONTENTS
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022
Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems in Residential Applications
SECTION PAGE
Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................................. 2
2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
3 Administrative.................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Definitions ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
5 General Requirements ...................................................................................................................................... 6
6 Refrigerant Classification and Requirements .................................................................................................... 7
7 Location of Refrigeration Systems and Restrictions ......................................................................................... 7
8 Piping Requirements ......................................................................................................................................... 7
9 Refrigerant Charge Limits ............................................................................................................................... 1 1
1 0 System Installation .......................................................................................................................................... 1 4
1 1 Mechanical Ventilation .................................................................................................................................... 26
1 2 Add-On Heat Pumps ....................................................................................................................................... 27
1 3 Normative References..................................................................................................................................... 27
Informative Appendix A: Explanatory Material ...................................................................................................... 29
Informative Appendix B: General Service and Maintenance ................................................................................. 34
Informative Appendix C: Informative References.................................................................................................. 36
NOTE
Approved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE
website at www.ashrae.org/technology.
© 2022 ASHRAE
1 80 Technology Parkway NW · Peachtree Corners, GA 30092 · www.ashrae.org · All rights reserved.
ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain
requirements necessary for conformance to the standard. It has not been processed according
to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain material that has not been subj ect
to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved obj ectors on informative material are not
offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
FOREWORD
Standard 15. 2 is the low-rise residential companion to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15, Safety Stan-
dard for Refrigeration Systems.
Historically, safety requirements were not applied as rigorously to residential HVAC systems
as they were to commercial systems, primarily because (a) all direct systems were restricted to A1
refrigerants as classified by ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, Designation and Safety Classification of
Refrigerants , and listed to safety design standards such as UL 1995 and UL 60335-2-40, and (b)
the risk of reaching and exceeding a refrigerant’s acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL) in the event
of a complete release was very low.
The need to reduce global warming potential (GWP) in residential applications has led to the use
of mildly flammable refrigerants of the ASHRAE Standard 34 A2L classification and created a
vacancy for an application safety standard that building code authors can depend on. Standard 15. 2
was developed to fill this roll. It serves as a stakeholder document to accommodate the use of A2L
refrigerants in model building codes and is intended for use by manufacturers, installers, contractors,
service technicians, building code officials, and others.
With the release in December 2019 of the third edition of UL/CSA 60335-2-40, North American
product safety standards for residential products were modified to allow lower-flammability A2L
refrigerants. ASHRAE Standard 15.2 was developed in parallel and is more conservative than the UL
standard in several places. Standard 15.2 requires that all products be listed to a national product
safety standard and installed per the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Particular attention is
paid to ensure that, in the event of a full release of the refrigerant charge, the concentration in the
space remains safely below the lower flammability limit of the refrigerant used. Therefore, specific
requirements are placed on which refrigerants can be used, the maximum allowable refrigerant
charge, the accessories that can be used, and the interconnecting piping. To streamline use, Standard
15. 2 provides a flowchart showing how to apply the standard, as well as numerous tables eliminating
the direct use of equations. Informative Appendix A provides extensive explanatory information to aid
in understating the requirements and the equations used to create the tables.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15. 2 is under continuous maintenance. It is modified and updated
based on feedback from users, changes in the science originating from ASHRAE and industry
research, and industry changes that respond to the global interest in improved environmental
responsibility. Interested parties can recommend changes to the standard by submitting a change
proposal through the ASHRAE website.
1 . PURPOSE
This standard specifies the minimum requirements for the safe design and installation of refrigera-
tion systems used in residential applications.
2.* SCOPE
2.1 This standard applies to listed direct refrigeration systems in the following residential applica-
tions that are limited to serving only a single dwelling unit or sleeping unit:
a. One- and two-family dwellings and townhouses

b. Detached outbuildings associated with a one- or two-family dwelling or townhouse and located
on the same property included in Section 2.1 (a)
c. Individual dwelling units and sleeping units located in a multifamily dwelling
3. ADMINISTRATIVE
3.1 Precedence with Conflicting Requirements. Where there is a conflict between this standard
and local building, electrical, fire, mechanical, or other adopted codes, the provisions of the local or
adopted code shall take precedence unless otherwise stated in those codes.
2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022

3.2 Alternative Materials, Methods, Equipment, and Appliances. The provisions of this standard
are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any method of construction
not specifically prescribed by this standard, provided that any alternative is approved by the author-
ity having jurisdiction .
3.3 New Technologies. Nothing in this standard shall be construed as a restriction on new technol-
ogies or alternative methods, provided that the level of safety as herein described is not reduced and
is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction .
4. DEFINITIONS
*access (to): that which enables a device, appliance, or equipment to be reached by ready access or
by a means that first requires the removal or movement of a panel, door, or similar obstruction, or
the use of a ladder.
*add-on heat pump: a refrigeration system for heating and cooling, cooling only, or heating only that
normally consists of an outdoor section , one or more indoor sections (without a circulating fan), and
related control devices.
air conditioner: a refrigeration system used to transfer heat from a space or substance.
appliance: equipment that is normally built in standardized sizes or types and is installed or connected
to perform one or more functions, including but not limited to clothes washing, air-conditioning, food
mixing, and deep frying.
approved: acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
authority having jurisdiction (AHJ): an organization, office, or individual responsible for enforc-
ing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or
a procedure.
attic: the unfinished space between the ceiling assembly and the roof assembly.
brazed joint: a gas-tight joint obtained by the joining of metal parts with metallic mixtures or alloys
that melt at temperatures above 842°F (450°C) but less than the melting temperatures of the joined
parts.
building code: the building code adopted by the jurisdiction.
circulation: mechanically inducing airflow within a space or spaces connected by ductwork.
compressor: a machine used to compress refrigerant vapor.
conditioned air: air that has been heated, cooled, humidified, or dehumidified.
*conditioned space: an area, room, or space that is enclosed within the building thermal envelope
that is directly or indirectly heated or cooled.
crawl space: an uninhabitable space between the bottom of the floor joists and the earth under a
dwelling to which service personnel have access .
design pressure: the maximum gage pressure for which a specific part of a refrigeration system is
designed.
direct (refrigeration) system: a refrigeration system in which the evaporator or condenser of the
refrigeration system is in direct contact with the air or other substances to be cooled or heated.
dispersal volume: the cubic measure of space into which refrigerant flows in the event of a refrig-
erant leak.
*duct: a tube or conduit used to convey or encase.
air duct: a tube or conduit used to convey air.
ducted HVAC: an air conditioner, heat pump, whole-house dehumidifier, or whole-house dehumid-
ifying ventilator in which conditioned air is distributed through any amount of ductwork.
ductless HVAC: an air conditioner or heat pump in which conditioned air is distributed directly
into the conditioned space from the equipment without the use of ductwork.
ductwork: see duct.
dwelling: any building that contains one or two dwelling units used, intended, or designed to be
built, used, rented, leased, or otherwise occupied for living purposes.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022 3

dwelling, multifamily: a building that contains three or more dwelling units .
dwelling unit: a single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more per-
sons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation.
equipment: all control devices, condensing sections, evaporator sections, combination appliances,
and other components of fixed systems that are integrated to provide control of environmental con-
ditions for buildings.
*field-installed accessories: components added to comfort conditioning systems during or after
installation, including items added directly to the equipment.
fixed: a type of refrigeration system that is intended to be used while fastened to a support or while
secured in a specific location.
fusible plug: a plug containing an alloy that will melt at a specified temperature and relief pressure.
header: a pipe or tube that is extruded, cast, or fabricated, to which other pipes or tubes are con-
nected.
heat pump: a refrigeration system used to transfer heat into a space or substance.
heat-pump water heater: a refrigeration system used to heat potable water.
integral: mounted within or mounted directly to an equipment housing and treated as part of the
equipment.
line set: a set of two field-installed refrigerant pipes that extends from the condenser to the evapo-
rator in direct systems , consisting of a suction line and a liquid line.
listed: equipment or materials included in a list published by an approved, nationally recognized
testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation that
maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials and whose listing
states that the equipment or material meets nationally recognized standards or has been tested and
found suitable for use in a specified manner.
lower flammability limit (LFL): the minimum concentration of the refrigerant at which a flame is
capable of propagating through a homogeneous mixture of the refrigerant and air under specific
test conditions, as defined by ASHRAE Standard 34 1 .
manufacturer: the company or organization that evidences its responsibility by affixing its name,
trademark, or trade name to refrigeration equipment.
manufacturer’s installation instructions: printed instructions included with equipment regarding
installation, service, and maintenance of equipment.
mechanical joint: a gas-tight joint obtained by joining metal parts with a positive-holding mechan-
ical construction such as flanged, screwed, press-connect, or flared joints or compression fittings.
micron: a unit of pressure equal to the height of column of mercury in µm of Hg that is used to
denote absolute pressure on a scale where a perfect vacuum is 0 microns and atmospheric pressure
at sea-level is 760,000 microns .
mitigation actions: actions taken by equipment that are initiated by detection of leaked refrigerant
by the refrigerant detection system .
piping: see tubing.

plenum: a compartment or chamber to which one or more air ducts are connected and that forms
part of the air distribution system.
pressure limiting device: a pressure responsive electronic or mechanical control designed to auto-
matically stop the operation of the pressure imposing element at a predetermined pressure.
*pressure relief device: a pressure—not temperature—actuated valve or rupture member designed
to automatically relieve pressure higher than its setting.
pressure vessel: any refrigerant-containing receptacle in a refrigeration system , other than the fol-
lowing:
a. Evaporators, where each separate evaporator section does not exceed 0.5 ft3 (0.01 4 m3 ) of
refrigerant-containing volume regardless of the maximum inside dimension
b. Evaporator coils, compressors , condenser coils, controls, headers , pumps, and piping

ready access (to): that which enables a device, appliance, or equipment to be directly reached with-
out requiring the removal or movement of any panel, door, or similar obstruction, or the use of a
ladder.
reclaimed refrigerants: reprocessed to the same specifications as new refrigerants by
refrigerants
any means. Such refrigerants have been chemically analyzed to verify that those specifications
have been met.
recycled refrigerants: previously used refrigerants for which contaminants have been reduced by
oil separation, removal of noncondensable gases, and single or multiple passes through filter driers
or other devices that reduce moisture, acidity, and particulate matter.
refrigerant: the fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigeration system ; the refrigerant absorbs heat
and transfers it at a higher temperature and a higher pressure, usually with a change of state.
refrigerant charge, maximum (m max): the largest permissible mass of refrigerant for a space.
refrigerant charge, releasable (m rel): the portion of the total refrigeration system charge that can
be released into a space.
refrigerant charge, system (m s): the mass of refrigerant in a single refrigeration system after com-
pletion of field refrigerant charge adjustment.
refrigerant circuit: a complete series of refrigerant-containing parts of the refrigeration system ,
including but not limited to compressor( s), coil(s), tubing, piping, filter drier(s), accumulator(s),
receiver(s), reversing valve(s), and service valve(s).
refrigerant concentration limit (RCL): the concentration limit of a refrigerant in air, determined in
accordance with ASHRAE Standard 34 1 , intended to reduce the risks of acute toxicity, asphyxia-
tion, and flammability hazards in normally occupied, enclosed spaces .
refrigerant designation: the unique identifying alphanumeric value or refrigerant number assigned
to an individual refrigerant as published in ASHRAE Standard 34 1 .
refrigerant detector: a device that is capable of sensing the presence of refrigerant vapor.
*refrigerant detection system: a system or portion of a combination system that uses one or more
stationary devices to detect the presence of a specified refrigerant at a specified concentration and
initiates one or more mitigation actions required by this standard. A self-contained refrigerant
detector and alarm device that is not integral to a refrigeration system is not classified as a refriger-
ant detection system .
refrigeration system: a combination of interconnected equipment, connected by tubing, that forms

a closed refrigerant circuit in which refrigerant is circulated to extract, then reject, heat.
rupture member: a nonreclosing device that will rupture and release refrigerant to relieve pressure.
safety shut-off valve: an automatically controlled refrigerant valve that is connected to a refriger-
ant detection system to limit the amount of refrigerant released into a space when a refrigerant leak
is detected.
self-contained system: a complete, factory-assembled, and factory-tested system that is shipped in
one or more sections and has no refrigerant-containing parts that are joined in the field by other
than companion or block valves.
shall: used in this standard when a provision is mandatory.
shall not: used in this standard when an action is prohibited.
*sleeping unit: a single unit that provides rooms or spaces for one or more persons, includes per-
manent provisions for sleeping, and can include provisions for living, eating, and sanitation or
kitchen facilities but not both. Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not
sleeping units .
space: an enclosed volume within a residential building.

split system: any air conditioner or heat pump that has one or more of the major assemblies sepa-
rated from the others.
a. indoor section: a component of a split-system central air conditioner or heat pump that is
designed to transfer heat between refrigerant and the conditioned space.

b. outdoor section: a component of a split-system central air conditioner or heat pump that is
designed to transfer heat between refrigerant and heat sink outside the conditioned space.
tubing: pipe or tube used to convey fluid from one part of a refrigeration system to another. Tubing
includes tubes, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, fittings, tube-supporting fixtures, structural attach-
ments, and the pressure-containing parts of other components, such as expansion joints, strainers,
filters, and devices that serve such purposes as mixing, separating, muffling, snubbing, distributing,
metering, or controlling flow.
ventilation: providing a space with ventilation air.
*ventilation air: air from the outdoors or another indoor space delivered to a space via mechanical
methods that is intended to dilute released refrigerant.
whole-house dehumidifier: a refrigeration system used to remove water vapor from a dwelling.
whole-house dehumidifying ventilator: a refrigeration system used to remove water vapor from
outdoor air supplied to a dwelling or a combination of outdoor air and recirculated air supplied to a
dwelling.
5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1 * Equipment Requirements. Refrigeration systems using A2L refrigerants shall be listed and
labeled to UL 60335-2-40/CSA-C22.2 No. 60335-2-40-1 9 2 or UL 484/CSA 22.2 No. 11 7 3 .
Refrigeration systems using A1 refrigerants shall be listed to UL 60335-2-40/CSA-C22.2 No.
60335-2-40-1 9, UL 484/CSA 22.2 No. 1 1 7, or UL 1 995/CSA C22.2 No. 236 4 . The equipment
shall be installed in accordance with its listing. Refrigerant detection systems required by Section
5.3 shall be marked with the refrigerant employed in the system. Indoor and outdoor sections of the
same split system shall be marked with the same refrigerant safety group.
5.2 Manufacturer’s Installation InstructionsAll refrigeration systems shall be installed in accor-
.
dance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions .

After installation, the manufacturer’s
installation instructions , owner’s manuals, service manuals, and any other product literature pro-
vided with the equipment shall be attached to the indoor section or left with the homeowner or
building owner.
5.3 * Manufacturer Refrigerant Detection System
’s Requirements. Refrigeration systems using
an A2L refrigerant with more than m 1 refrigerant charge shall have an integral refrigerant detec-
tion system unless the system complies with one of the following:
a. Ducted HVA C systems with the equipment and all duct openings located 5.9 ft (1 .8 m) or
greater above the finished floor with a system refrigerant charge (m s) less than the maximum
refrigerant charge ( m max) as determined by Sections 9.5 and 9.6 using the dispersal floor area
as determined by Section 9.4.2.2;

b. Ducted HVAC systems with a system refrigerant charge (m s) less than the maximum refrigerant
charge (m max) as determined by Sections 9.5 and 9.6, and with the indoor equipment located 3.9 ft
(1 .2 m) or greater above the finished floor; or

c. Refrigeration systems other than those covered in Sections 5.3(a) and (b) with a system refrig-
erant charge ( m s ) less than the maximum refrigerant charge ( m max) as determined by Sections
9.5 and 9.6.
5.3 .1 The refrigerant detection system shall comply with the following:
a. Use a nonadjustable set point to initiate mitigation actions .

b. Recalibration of the refrigerant detector shall not be permitted.
c. Capable of detecting the loss of the refrigerant contained in the refrigeration system .
d. Have access for replacement of refrigerant detection system components.
e. Have self-diagnostics to determine operational status of the sensing element.
f. Energize air circulation fans of the equipment upon failure of a self-diagnostic check.
g. Tested under either of the following two conditions to ensure an output signal is initiated in not
more than
1 . 1 5 seconds when sensing a refrigerant concentration of ≤25% LFL or
2. 1 0 seconds when sensing a refrigerant concentration of >25% but ≤1 00% LFL.

5.3.2 Mitigation Action Requirements. When a refrigerant detection system provides an output
signal, the following mitigation actions shall occur within 1 5 seconds:
a. Energize the air circulation fan(s) of the equipment per manufacturer’s installation instructions.
b. Open zoning dampers installed in the ductwork connected to the refrigeration system .
c. Activate required mechanical ventilation per Section 11 , “Mechanical Ventilation .”
d. De-energize integral electric resistance heat or electric resistance heat installed in the ductwork
connected to the refrigeration system .
5.4 Field-Installed Accessory Requirements. All field-installed accessories shall be installed in

accordance with the accessory and equipment manufacturer’s installation instructions . Accessories
installed in the ductwork of A2L refrigeration systems shall additionally not contain open flames or
devices switching electrical loads greater than those defined in Table 1 2-1 , “Maximum Inductive
Loads (kVA).”
5.5 Signs and Identification. Each refrigeration system shall have the following information legi-
bly and permanently indicated on a markable label provided by the equipment manufacturer:
a. Contact information of the responsible company that installed the refrigeration system
b. S ystem refrigerant charge
6. REFRIGERANT CLASSIFICATION AND REQUIREMENTS

6.1* Permissible Refrigerants. Only refrigerants having an approved refrigerant designation of
ASHRAE Standard 34 1 safety group A1 or A2L shall be used in conjunction with this standard.
6.2 Refrigerant Requirements
6.2.1 Refrigerant Type and Purity. Refrigerants used in a refrigeration system shall have a
designation specified by the equipment manufacturer, and the refrigerant designation shall be
marked on the appliance. Refrigerants used to adjust the charge in new equipment shall conform
to AHRI Standard 700 5 in purity unless a more restrictive specification is specified by the equip-
ment manufacturer.
6.2.2 Used Refrigerants. Only reclaimed refrigerants that have been reclaimed by an EPA certi-
fied refrigerant reclaimer in accordance with AHRI Standard 700 5 shall be permitted to be reused.
7. LOCATION OF REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS AND RESTRICTIONS

7.1 General. Refrigeration systems shall be located in accordance with the manufacturer’s instal-
lation instructions .
7.1.1 Outdoor Equipment. Equipment installed outdoors shall be marked “For outdoor use
only” per UL 1 995/CSA C22.2 No. 236 4 or rated IPX4 or higher per UL 60335-2-40/CSA-C22.2
No. 603 35-2-40-1 9 2 .
7.1.2 Provision for Service
7.1.2.1 A ccess shall be provided to all serviceable components of refrigeration systems.
7.1.2.2 A ccess shall be provided to outdoor sections or outdoor sections with enclosures.
8. PIPING REQUIREMENTS
8.1 General. Refrigerant piping, valves, and fittings shall comply with Sections 8.2 through 8.5.
8.2 Materials. Materials used in the construction and installation of refrigeration systems shall be
suitable for conveying the refrigerant used. Materials that will deteriorate due to the refrigerant or
lubricant in the presence of air or moisture shall not be used.
8.2.1 Magnesium Alloy Restriction. Magnesium alloys shall not be used in contact with any
halogenated refrigerants .
8.3 Refrigerant Piping, Valves, Fittings, and Related Parts. Refrigerant piping, valves, fittings,
and related parts, whether new or reused on an existing refrigeration system that is being renovated
or modified, shall comply with Sections 8.3.1 through 8.3.4.
8.3.1 General. Refrigerant piping, valves, fittings, and equipment having a maximum internal or
external design pressure greater than 1 5 psig (1 03.4 kPa gage) shall be listed individually or as part
of an assembly or a system.

8.3.2 .
Piping Refrigerant pipe shall be listed or demonstrate compliance with one or more of the
standards in Table 8-1 .
8.3.3 Pipe Fittings. Refrigerant pipe fittings shall be suitable for installation with the piping
materials to be installed and shall comply with one or more of the standards listed in Table 8-2 or
be listed to UL 207 6 .
8.3.3.1 Copper-Brazed Field-Swaged Fittings. The minimum and maximum cup depth of
field-fabricated copper-brazed swaged fitting connections shall comply with Table 8-3.
8.3.4 Valves, Flexible Connectors, Expansion, and Vibration Compensators. Valves, flexible
connectors, expansion and vibration control devices, and other similar components shall be listed
to UL 207 6 for the refrigerant systems and shall meet the design pressure for the systems in which
they are installed.
8.4 Joints and Connections
8.4.1 General. Joints and connections shall be a listed or an approved type. Joints and connec-
tions shall be tight for the pressure of the refrigerant system when tested in accordance with Sec-
tion 1 0.5.
8.4.2 Joints between Different Piping Materials. Joints between different piping materials
shall be made with listed or approved adapter fittings. Joints between dissimilar metallic piping
materials shall be designed to prevent galvanic corrosion, which includes but is not limited to the
use of a dielectric fitting or a dielectric union conforming to dielectric tests of ASSE 1 079 7 .
Adapter fittings with threaded ends between different materials shall be joined with proper thread
lubricant in accordance with Section 8.4.5.5.
8.4.3 Allowable Joints. The allowable joints for a specific piping material shall be in accordance
with Table 8-4.
8.4.4 Preparation of Pipe Ends. Pipes shall be cut square, reamed, and chamfered, and shall be
free of burrs and obstructions. Pipe ends shall not be undercut to reduce pipe wall below the mini-
mum thickness as required for the application.
8.4.5 Joint Preparation and Installation. The preparation and installation of brazed, mechani-
cal, flared, press-connect, and threaded joints shall comply with Sections 8.4.5.1 through 8.4.5.5.
8.4.5.1 Brazed Joints . Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux approved for the application shall
be applied where required by the braze filler metal manufacturer. The piping being brazed shall be
purged of air to remove the oxygen and filled with one of the following inert gases: oxygen-free
nitrogen, helium, or argon. The piping system shall be prepurged with an inert gas for a minimum
time corresponding to five volume changes through the piping system prior to brazing. The pre-
purge rate shall be at a minimum velocity of 1 00 ft/min (30.5 m/min). The inert gas shall be
directly connected to the tube system being brazed to prevent the entrainment of ambient air. After
the prepurge, the inert gas supply shall be maintained through the piping during the brazing opera-
tion at a minimum pressure of 1 .0 psi (6.9 kPa) and a maximum pressure of 3.0 psi (20.7 kPa). The
joint shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8 8 .
8.4.5.2 .
Mechanical Joints Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manu-
facturer’s installation instructions .
8.4.5.3 Flared Joints. Flared fittings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
installation instructions .
The flared fittings shall be used with the tube materials specified by the
fitting manufacturer. The flared tube end shall be made by a tool designed for that operation.
8.4.5.4 Press-Connect Joints. Press-connect joints shall be listed for use with the refrigerant
employed in the system and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
8.4.5.5 Threaded Joints. Threads shall conform to ASME B1 .20.1 9 , ASME B1 .20.3 1 0,
ASME B1 .1 3M , or ASME B1 .1 1 2 . Thread lubricant, pipe-joint compound, or tape shall be
11
applied on the external threads only and shall be approved for application on the piping material.
8.5 Refrigerant Pipe Installation
8.5.1 Piping Location. Refrigerant piping shall be located in accordance with Sections 8.5.1 .1
through 8.5.1 .5.
8.5.1.1 Pipe Protection. The exterior of the pipe shall be protected from corrosion, degrada-
tion, galvanic corrosion, and abrasion. Refrigerant pipe shall not be in contact with building mate-
rials that can abrade the pipe. Refrigerant pipe shall be installed as follows:

Table 8-1 Refrigerant Pipe
Piping Material Standard
Aluminum tube ASTM B21 0/B21 0M 1 3 , ASTM B491 /B491 M 1 4
Copper tube ASTM B68 1 5 , ASTM B75 1 6 , ASTM B280 1 7 , ASTM B81 9 1 8
19
Copper line sets ASTM B1 003 , ASTM B280 1 7
Table 8-2 Refrigerant Pipe Fittings

Fitting Material Standard
20
Aluminum ASTM B361
Brass (copper alloy) ASME B1 6.1 5 21
Copper ASME B1 6.1 5 21 , ASME B1 6.1 8 22 , ASME B1 6.22 23 , ASME B1 6.26 24 ,

ASME B1 6.50 25
Steel ASTM A1 05 26 , ASTM A1 81 27

, ASTM A234 28 , ASTM A420 29
Table 8-3 Copper-Brazed Swaged Cup Depths

Tubing Nominal Size, in. Minimum Cup Depth, in. Maximum Cup Depth, in.
1 /8 0.1 5 0.23
3/1 6 0.1 6 0.24
1 /4 0.1 7 0.26
3/8 0.20 0.30
1 /2 0.22 0.33
5/8 0.24 0.36
3/4 0.25 0.38
1 0.28 0.42
1 -1 /4 0.31 0.47
1 -1 /2 0.34 0.51
Table 8-4 Allowable Joints

Brazed Mechanical Flared Press-Connect
Material (Section 8.4.5.1 ) (Section 8.4.5.2) (Section 8.4.5.3) (Section 8.4.5.4)
Aluminum tube   
Copper tube    
a. In a wall or floor space or a protective enclosure protected as follows:
1 . In concealed locations where aluminum tube or copper tube is installed through holes or
notches in studs, joists, or similar members less than 1 -1 /2 in. (38 mm) from the nearest
edge of the member, the tube shall be protected by steel shield plates having a minimum
thickness of 0.0575 in. (1 .463 mm) (No. 1 6 gage).
2. Protective steel shield plates shall cover the area of the tube where the member is notched or
bored and shall extend not less than 2 in. (51 mm) above sole plates and below top plates.
b. Exposed inside of a building at an elevation that is more than 7 ft 3 in. (2.2 m) above the finished
floor unless the piping is placed within 72 in. (1 830 mm) of the appliance to which it connects.
c. In an attic or crawl space, provided that aluminum tube or copper tube shall be protected in
accordance with Section 8.5.1 .1 (a) when located within 1 -1 /2 in. (38 mm) from the nearest edge
of a framing member.
Exception to 8.5.1 .1 (c): Protective steel plates are not required in locations where the refriger-
ant piping is exposed.

Table 8-5 Pipe Hanger Spacing
Piping Material Maximum Horizontal Spacing, ft Maximum Vertical Spacing, ft
Aluminum tube
1 /4 to 1 -1 /4 in. 10 15
Copper tube
1 /4 in. 5 10
3/8 to 1 /2 in. 6 10
3/4 to 7/8 in. 7 10
1 to 1 -1 /8 in. 8 10
1 -1 /4 to 1 -3/8 in. 9 10
1 -1 /2 in. 10 10
d. In concrete floors, provided that refrigerant piping shall be encased in pipe, conduit, or ducts.
The refrigerant piping shall be protected to prevent damage from vibration, stress, and corrosion.
e. Outside the building in accordance with the following:
1 . Protected from damage from the weather, including but not limited to hail, ice, and snow
loads
2. Protected from damage where located in an expected foot or traffic path
3. Underground below the frost line and not less than 8 in. (20.3 cm) below finished grade
8.5.1.2 Prohibited Locations. Refrigerant piping shall not be installed in any of the following
locations:
a. Exposed within a fire resistance rated exit access corridor

b. Exposed within an interior exit stairway
c. Exposed within an interior exit ramp enclosure
d. Exit passageway
e. Elevator, dumbwaiter, or other shaft containing a moving object
f. Inside an air duct or return air plenum
8.5.1.3* Refrigerant Pipe Shafts. Refrigerant piping that penetrates two or more floor assem-
blies shall be enclosed in a fire resistance rated shaft enclosure where such enclosure is required by
the building code.
8.5.1.4 Exposed Piping Surface Temperature. Exposed piping with ready access having tem-
peratures greater than 1 20°F (49°C) or less than 5°F (–1 5°C) shall be protected from contact or have
thermal insulation that limits the exposed insulation surface temperature to a range of 5°F (–1 5°C) to
1 20°F (49°C).
8.5.1.5 Pipe Support. Piping shall be supported at intervals specified in Table 8-5 or in accor-
dance with ANSI/MSS SP-58 30.
8.5.2 Installation Requirements for A2L Refrigerants. In addition to other requirements of this
section, piping systems using Group A2L refrigerant shall comply with Sections 8.5.2.1 through
8.5.2.2.
8.5.2.1 Field Applied Joints. Where a refrigeration system is installed with field applied joints
indoors, the joints shall be one of the following and shall meet the provisions of Section 8, “ Piping
Requirements,” and tested per the requirements of Section 1 0.5, “ Refrigerant Piping System Test”:
a. Brazed or welded joints

b. Mechanical joints listed and installed in compliance with UL 207 6
c. Enclosed in a manner that will direct a leak in the joint to the appliance with a refrigerant detec-
tion system or to the outdoors
8.5.2.2 Shaft Ventilation . Where shafts are required in accordance with Section 8.5.1 .3, refrig-
erantpipe shafts for systems using Group A2L refrigerants shall comply with one of the following
when there are joints in the piping within the shaft:

Table 8-6 Shaft Ventilation Velocity
Cross-Sectional Area of Shaft, in. 2 Minimum Ventilation Velocity, ft/min
≤20 1 00
>20 to ≤250 200
>250 to ≤1 250 300
>1 250 400
a. Naturally ventilated shafts shall have a minimum of a 4 in. (1 02 mm) diameter pipe, duct, or con-
duit that connects to the outdoors at the lowest point of the shaft. The pipe, duct, or conduit shall
be level or pitched down to the outdoors. The makeup air opening provided at the top of the shaft
2 2
shall be a minimum free opening area of 1 2 in. (77 cm ), duct, or conduit. Required ventilation
openings shall open directly to the outdoor air and shall be protected with corrosion resistant
screens, louvers, or grilles. Openings in screens, louvers, and grilles shall be sized not less than
1 /4 in. (6 mm) and not larger than 1 /2 in. (1 3 mm).
b. Mechanically ventilated shafts shall have a minimum air velocity in accordance with Table 8-6.
The mechanical ventilation shall be continuously operated or activated by a refrigerant detec-
tor. Systems using a refrigerant detector shall activate the mechanical ventilation at a detection
threshold not exceeding the refrigerant concentration limit (RCL ) of the refrigerant. The detec-
tor, or a sampling tube that draws air to the detector, shall be located in an area where refriger-
ant from a leak will concentrate. Makeup air shall be provided at the inlet to the shaft and
exhausted to the outdoors.
8.5.3 Refrigerant Pipe Penetrations. The annular space between the outside of a refrigerant
pipe and the inside of a pipe sleeve or opening in a building envelope wall, floor, or ceiling assem-
bly penetrated by a refrigerant pipe shall be sealed in an approved manner with caulking material,
foam sealant, or closed with a gasketing system. The caulking material, foam sealant, or gasketing
system shall be designed for the conditions at the penetration location and shall be compatible with
the pipe, sleeve, and building materials in contact with the sealing materials. Refrigerant pipes pen-
etrating fire resistance rated assemblies or membranes of fire resistance rated assemblies shall be
protected in accordance with the building code.
9. REFRIGERANT CHARGE LIMITS

9.1 Charge Limit Compliance. Charge limits for residential refrigeration systems shall follow a
compliance path as shown in Figure 9-1 .
9.2 Maximum Allowable Refrigerant Charge for A1 Refrigerants. The maximum refrigerant
charge (m max) of A1 refrigerants permissible in a space shall be limited such that the RCL in
ASHRAE Standard 34 1 , Table 4-1 or Table 4-2 shall not be exceeded in the event of a complete
discharge of a single refrigeration system into the space.
9.3* Flammable A2L Refrigerant Charge Levels for Mitigation. Charge levels used to deter-
mine mitigation requirements for A2L refrigerants are shown in Table 9-1 .
9.4 Dispersal Volume Determinations. The dispersal volume used to determine the maximum
refrigerant charge (m max) shall be determined by multiplying the dispersal floor area and dispersal
height as determined per the requirements of Sections 9.4.2 and 9.4.3, respectively.
9.4.1 HVAC Systems with More than One Indoor Unit. The dispersal volume for each indoor
unit of a HVAC system shall be calculated. The smallest shall be the dispersal volume used to cal-
culate maximum refrigerant charge per the requirements of Section 9.5.
9.4.2 Dispersal Floor Area Determination. The dispersal floor area is the floor area of space(s)
served by an indoor unit. If more than one space is served by an indoor unit, only the floor area of
the spaces connected by one of the methods in Sections 9.4.2.1 to 9.4.2.3 shall be included in the
dispersal floor area.
9.4.2.1 Spaces Connected by Ducted HVAC Systems with a Refrigerant Detection System .
The aggregate floor area of spaces connected to the same supply air distribution ductwork shall be
used as the dispersal floor area.

Figure 9-1 Charge limit compliance flow path.

Table 9-1 Flammable A2L Refrigerant Charge Levels for Mitigation
m 1 Charge Level m 2 Charge Level
lb m kg lb m kg
R-32 4.1 1 .8 35.1 1 5.9
R-452B 4.1 1 .9 35.6 1 6.1
R-454A 3.7 1 .7 32.3 1 4.6
R-454B 3.9 1 .8 34.0 1 5.4
R-454C 3.9 1 .8 33.4 1 5.2
R-457A 2.9 1 .3 24.8 11 .2
9.4.2.2 Spaces Connected by Ducted HVAC Systems without a Refrigerant Detection Sys-
tem. The dispersal floor area shall be the smallest room floor area of any space connect to the same
supply air distribution ductwork.
9.4.2.3 Spaces Connected by Open Passageways. The aggregate floor area of spaces on the
same floor that are connected by an open passageway shall be used in determination of dispersal
floor area. An open passageway is a permanent opening that extends to the floor, is intended for
people to walk through, and does not have a door. The use of doors with transfer grilles or under-
cuts shall not be considered sufficient to make an open passageway.
9.4.3 Dispersal Height Determination. All of the applicable requirements in this section shall
be used to calculate dispersal height.

9.4.3.1* Systems Serving More than One Floor. Where different stories and floor levels con-
nect through an opening, the dispersal height for each higher space shall be reduced by the differ-
ence in floor elevation between the higher space and the lower space. If the difference in elevation
between the floor of the higher space and lower space is 7.2 ft (2.2 m) or more, the dispersal height
for the higher space shall be zero.
9.4.3.2 Suspended Ceilings. The space above a suspended ceiling shall not be included in cal-
culating the dispersal height unless such a space is part of the air supply or return.
9.4.3.3 Ducted HVAC. The dispersal height for ducted HVA C shall be the mean of the actual
ceiling heights in the space(s) with no height greater than 9.0 ft (2.74 m) used for the calculation.
9.4.3.4 Ductless HVAC Systems. The dispersal height for ductless HVAC systems shall be the
height of the lowest point of the equipment opening delivering conditioned air but not less than 2.0 ft
(0.6 m) or more than 9.0 ft (2.74 m).
9.4.3.5 Heat-Pump Water Heater. The dispersal height shall be the floor area of the space con-
taining the heat-pump water heater multiplied by the height of the appliance but not less than 2.0 ft
(0.6 m) or more than 9.0 ft (2.74 m).
9.5* Maximum Allowable Refrigerant Charge. The maximum refrigerant charge (m max) allowed
for the dispersal volume identified using Section 9.4 shall be determined as follows.
9.5.1 For A2L refrigeration systems without ventilation ,
m max =C× M× AF
where
C = LFL conversion factor as given in Table 9-2
M = refrigerant allowed in a dispersal volume based on 25% LFL as given in Table 9-3 in lbm (kg)
AF = 2 for systems with continuous circulation or circulation initiated by the refrigerant
detection system ; 1 for all other systems
9.5.2 For A2L refrigeration systems with ventilation ,

m max = C × (M + MV) × AF
where
C = LFL conversion factor as given in Table 9-2
M = refrigerant allowed in a dispersal volume based on 25% LFL as given in Table 9-3 in lb m (kg)

Table 9-2 LFL Conversion Factor
Refrigerant C
R-32 1 .00
R-452B 1 .02
R-454A 0.92
R-454B 0.97
R-454C 0.95
R-457A 0.71
MV = additional refrigerant mass allowed in a dispersal volume based on dilution using ventilation
given in Table 9-4 in lb m (kg)
AF = 2 for systems with continuous circulation or circulation initiated by the refrigerant
detection system ; 1 for all other systems
9.6* Releasable Charge (m rel). Releasable charge (m rel) shall be determined as shown in the fol-
lowing subsections.
9.6.1 For systems without safety shut-off values, the releasable charge (m rel) shall be the system
refrigerant charge (m s).
9.6.2 For systems using safety shut-off valves , the releasable charge ( m rel) shall be determined
according to Section 9.6.3.
9.6.3 Releasable Charge for Systems Using Safety Shut-Off Valves with A2L Refrigerants.
The releasable charge ( m rel) shall be the refrigerant contained in the interconnecting tubing and
indoor section located downstream of the safety shut-off valves and shall be the largest value deter-
mined by Sections 9.6.3.1 , 9.6.3.2, and 9.6.3.3. The releasable charge (m rel) shall not exceed the
maximum refrigerant charge (m max) as determined by Section 9.5.
9.6.3.1 * Releasable Refrigerant Charge in Heating Mode. The releasable charge in heating
mode shall be calculated using the appropriate equation from Table 9-5.
9.6.3.2* Releasable Refrigerant Charge in Cooling Mode. The releasable charge in cooling
mode shall be calculated using the appropriate equation from Table 9-9.
9.6.3.3* Releasable Refrigerant Charge in Off/Standby Mode. The releasable charge in off/
standby mode shall be calculated using the appropriate equation from Table 9-1 3.
9.6.4 Safety Shut-Off Valves for Systems Using A2L Refrigerants
9.6.4.1Safety shut-off valves shall be specified for use in the manufacturer’s installation
instructions . When safety shut-off valves are activated by the refrigerant detection system , the
valves shall close and remain closed until corrective action is taken. Safety shut-off valves shall be
designed to close in the event of an electric power failure.
9.6.4.2 Safety Shut-Off Valve Location. Safety shut-off valve connections located in a space
shall comply with Sections 8.2 through 8.5.3. Access shall be provided to safety shut-off valves.
1 0. SYSTEM INSTALLATION
1 0.1 General
1 0.1 .1 Installation of refrigerant systems shall be in accordance with this section. Refrigerant
piping systems erected in the field shall be in accordance with Section 8 and tested in accordance
with Section 1 0.5.
1 0.1 .2 Safeguards. Controls and other refrigeration equipment shall be safeguarded in a manner
that minimizes the risk of accidental damage or rupture by mechanical impact.
1 0.1 .3 Access . Per manufacturer’s installation instructions , a clear and unobstructed approach
and space shall be provided for inspection, service, and emergency shutdown of appliances .
1 0.1 .4 HVAC Appliances . HVAC appliances shall be installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s installations instructions .
1 0.2 Security. All refrigerant circuit service ports shall require a tool for access directly on the
service port or within a service panel.

Table 9-3 M for A2L Systems Based on 7.2 ft (2.2 m) Space Height a
Area b M c
2 2 lb m
ft m kg
1 00 9.3 3.4 1 .6
1 25 11 .6 4.3 2.0
1 50 1 3.9 5.2 2.3
1 75 1 6.3 6.0 2.7
200 1 8.6 6.9 3.1
225 20.9 7.8 3.5
250 23.2 8.6 3.9
275 25.5 9.5 4.3
300 27.9 1 0.3 4.7
325 30.2 11 .2 5.1
350 32.5 1 2.1 5.5
375 34.8 1 2.9 5.9
400 37.2 1 3.8 6.3
425 39.5 1 4.6 6.6
450 41 .8 1 5.5 7.0
475 44.1 1 6.4 7.4
500 46.5 1 7.2 7.8
525 48.8 1 8.1 8.2
550 51 .1 1 9.0 8.6
575 53.4 1 9.8 9.0
600 55.7 20.7 9.4
625 58.1 21 .5 9.8
650 60.4 22.4 1 0.2
675 62.7 23.3 1 0.6
700 65.0 24.1 1 0.9
725 67.4 25.0 11 .3
750 69.7 25.9 11 .7
775 72.0 26.7 1 2.1
800 74.3 27.6 1 2.5
825 76.6 28.4 1 2.9
850 79.0 29.3 1 3.3
875 81 .3 30.2 1 3.7
900 83.6 31 .0 1 4.1
925 85.9 31 .9 1 4.5
950 88.3 32.7 1 4.9
975 90.6 33.6 1 5.2
1 000 92.9 34.5 1 5.6
1 025 95.2 35.1 1 5.9
a. For space heights ( h ) other than 7.2 ft (2.2 m), multiply the charge quantities in this table by a correction factor of h c, where h c = h /7.2 ft
(2.2 m). The value of h c shall not exceed 1 .25.
b. Dispersal areas shall comply with Section 9.4.
c. For area sizes falling in between the values listed in this table, interpolation shall be permitted to determine precise charges. Otherwise, the
closest lower area value shall be used.

Table 9-4 Additional Charge Permitted for A2L Systems Using Ventilation
Ventilation Rate MV a
cfm m3 /h lb m kg
20 34 0.4 0.2
40 68 0.7 0.3
60 1 02 1 .1 0.5
80 1 36 1 .4 0.6
1 00 1 70 1 .8 0.8
1 20 204 2.1 1 .0
1 40 238 2.5 1 .1
1 60 272 2.8 1 .3
1 80 306 3.2 1 .4
200 340 3.5 1 .6
220 374 4.2 1 .9
240 408 4.6 2.1
260 442 5.0 2.3
280 476 5.4 2.4
300 51 0 5.8 2.6
320 544 6.2 2.8
340 578 6.5 3.0
360 61 2 6.9 3.1
380 646 7.3 3.3
≥400 ≥680 7.3 3.5

a. For ventilation rates falling between the values listed in this table, interpolation shall be permitted to determine the precise increase in
charge. Otherwise, the closest lower ventilation rate value shall be used.
Table 9-5 mrel Equations for Systems Using Safety Shut-Off Valves in Heating Mode
Refrigerant Releasable Refrigerant Charge in Heating Mode
R-32 m rel = MLH + MGH + MUH
R-452B m rel = (1 .03 × MLH) + (1 .11 × MGH) + (1 .04 × MUH)
R-454A m rel = (1 .07 × MLH) + (1 .05 × MGH) + (1 .07 × MUH)
R-454B m rel = (1 .02 × MLH) + (1 .08 × MGH) + (1 .03 × MUH)
R-454C m rel = (1 .09 × MLH) + (0.99 × MGH) + (1 .08 × MUH)
R-457A m rel = (1 .08 × MLH) + (0.87 × MGH) + (1 .07 × MUH)

MLH = refrigerant liquid contained in liquid interconnecting tubing in heating mode in lb m (kg) per Table 9-6
MGH = refrigerant vapor contained in vapor interconnecting tubing in heating mode in lb m (kg) per Table 9-7
MUH = refrigerant contained in the indoor section in heating mode in lb m (kg) per Table 9-8

Table 9-6 MLH: Refrigerant Liquid Contained in Liquid Interconnecting Tubing from Safety Shut-Off Valves to Each Indoor Section in Heating Mode
I-P Units
Tube Length, ft
3.0 6.0 9.0 1 2.0 1 5.0 1 8.0 21 .0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 36.0
Tube OD, in. ML C, lb m
0.250 (1 /4) 0.03 0.07 0.1 0 0.1 3 0.1 7 0.20 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.34 0.37 0.40
0.31 3 (5/1 6) 0.06 0.1 2 0.1 8 0.24 0.29 0.35 0.41 0.47 0.53 0.59 0.65 0.71
0.375 (3/8) 0.09 0.1 8 0.27 0.36 0.46 0.55 0.64 0.73 0.82 0.91 1 .00 1 .09
0.500 (1 /2) 0.1 8 0.35 0.53 0.71 0.89 1 .06 1 .24 1 .42 1 .59 1 .77 1 .95 2.1 3
0.625 (5/8) 0.28 0.57 0.85 1 .1 4 1 .42 1 .70 1 .99 2.27 2.55 2.84 3.1 2 3.41
0.750 (3/4) 0.41 0.81 1 .22 1 .63 2.03 2.44 2.85 3.26 3.66 4.07 4.48 4.88
0.875 (7/8) 0.56 1 .1 3 1 .69 2.25 2.81 3.38 3.94 4.50 5.07 5.63 6.1 9 6.75

1 .000 0.74 1 .48 2.22 2.95 3.69 4.43 5.1 7 5.91 6.65 7.38 8.1 2 8.86
1 .1 25 (1 -1 /8) 0.95 1 .91 2.86 3.82 4.77 5.73 6.68 7.64 8.59 9.55 1 0.50 11 .46
1 .250 (1 -1 /4) 1 .1 8 2.37 3.55 4.73 5.91 7.1 0 8.28 9.46 1 0.65 11 .83 1 3.01 1 4.20
1 .500 (1 -1 /2) 1 .72 3.45 5.1 7 6.89 8.61 1 0.34 1 2.06 1 3.78 1 5.51 1 7.23 1 8.95 20.67
SI Units (Values for Reference)
Tube Length, m
1 .0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 1 0.0 11 .0 1 2.0
Tube OD, mm ML C, kg
6.35 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.1 6 0.1 7 0.1 9
7.94 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.1 4 0.1 6 0.1 9 0.22 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.33
9.53 0.04 0.08 0.1 3 0.1 7 0.21 0.25 0.29 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.50
1 2.70 0.08 0.1 6 0.24 0.33 0.41 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.81 0.90 0.98
1 5.90 0.1 3 0.26 0.39 0.52 0.65 0.78 0.91 1 .04 1 .1 7 1 .31 1 .44 1 .57
1 9.1 0 0.1 9 0.37 0.56 0.75 0.94 1 .1 2 1 .31 1 .50 1 .69 1 .87 2.06 2.25
22.20 0.26 0.52 0.78 1 .04 1 .30 1 .56 1 .82 2.07 2.33 2.59 2.85 3.11
25.40 0.34 0.68 1 .02 1 .36 1 .70 2.04 2.39 2.73 3.07 3.41 3.75 4.09
28.60 0.44 0.88 1 .32 1 .76 2.20 2.64 3.08 3.53 3.97 4.41 4.85 5.29
31 .80 0.55 1 .09 1 .64 2.1 8 2.73 3.27 3.82 4.37 4.91 5.46 6.00 6.55
38.1 0 0.80 1 .59 2.39 3.1 9 3.99 4.78 5.58 6.38 7.1 8 7.97 8.77 9.57
Note: MLC shall be determined by interpolation of the values in the table or by selecting the next highest value. Extrapolation is allowed for lengths above those shown.
17
18
Table 9-7 MG H: Refrigerant Vapor Contained in Vapor Interconnecting Tubing from Safety Shut-Off Valves to Each Indoor Section in Heating Mode
I-P Units
Tube Length, ft
3.0 6.0 9.0 1 2.0 1 5.0 1 8.0 21 .0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 36.0
Tube OD, in. MGH, lb m
0.250 (1 /4) 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03
0.31 3 (5/1 6) 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05
0.375 (3/8) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07
0.500 (1 /2) 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0 0.11 0.1 3 0.1 4
0.625 (5/8) 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.1 3 0.1 5 0.1 6 0.1 8 0.20 0.22
0.750 (3/4) 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.1 0 0.1 3 0.1 6 0.1 8 0.21 0.24 0.26 0.29 0.31
0.875 (7/8) 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.1 5 0.1 8 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.33 0.36 0.40 0.44
1 .000 0.05 0.1 0 0.1 4 0.1 9 0.24 0.29 0.33 0.38 0.43 0.48 0.52 0.57
1 .1 25 (1 -1 /8) 0.06 0.1 2 0.1 8 0.25 0.31 0.37 0.43 0.49 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74
1 .250 (1 -1 /4) 0.08 0.1 5 0.23 0.30 0.38 0.46 0.53 0.61 0.69 0.76 0.84 0.91
1 .500 (1 -1 /2) 0.11 0.22 0.33 0.44 0.55 0.67 0.78 0.89 1 .00 1 .11 1 .22 1 .33
Tube Length, m
1 .0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 1 0.0 11 .0 1 2.0
Tube OD, mm MGH, kg
6.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
7.94 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
9.53 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03
1 2.70 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06
1 5.90 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.1 0
1 9.1 0 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.1 0 0.11 0.1 2 0.1 3 0.1 4
22.20 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.1 0 0.1 2 0.1 3 0.1 5 0.1 7 0.1 8 0.20
25.40 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.1 3 0.1 5 0.1 8 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26

28.60 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.1 4 0.1 7 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.28 0.31 0.34
31 .80 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.1 4 0.1 8 0.21 0.25 0.28 0.32 0.35 0.39 0.42
38.1 0 0.05 0.1 0 0.1 5 0.21 0.26 0.31 0.36 0.41 0.46 0.51 0.56 0.62
Note: MGH shall be determined by interpolation of the values in the table or by selecting the next highest value. Extrapolation is allowed for lengths above those shown.
Table 9-8 MU H: Refrigerant Contained in Indoor Section in Heating Mode
I-P SI
Internal Volume of Internal Volume of

3 3
Indoor Section , ft MUH, lb m Indoor Section , m MU H, kg
0.04 1 .42 0.001 0.59
0.08 2.40 0.002 0.98
0.1 2 3.37 0.003 1 .37
0.1 6 4.34 0.004 1 .76
0.20 5.32 0.005 2.1 5
0.24 6.29 0.006 2.54
0.28 7.27 0.007 2.93
0.32 8.24 0.008 3.32
0.36 9.21 0.009 3.71
0.40 1 0.1 9 0.01 0 4.1 0
0.44 11 .1 6 0.011 4.49
0.48 1 2.1 4 0.01 2 4.88
0.52 1 3.11 0.01 3 5.27
0.56 1 4.08 0.01 4 5.66
0.60 1 5.06 0.01 5 6.05
0.64 1 6.03 0.01 6 6.44
0.68 1 7.00 0.01 7 6.83
0.72 1 7.98 0.01 8 7.22
0.76 1 8.95 0.01 9 7.61
0.80 1 9.93 0.020 8.00
0.84 20.90 0.021 8.39
0.88 21 .87 0.022 8.78
0.92 22.85 0.023 9.1 7
0.96 23.82 0.024 9.56
1 .00 24.79 0.025 9.95

Note: MUH shall be determined by interpolation of the values in the table or by selecting the next highest value.
Table 9-9 mrel Equations for Systems Using Safety Shut-Off Valves in Cooling Mode
Refrigerant Releasable Refrigerant Charge in C ooling Mode
R-32 m rel = MLC + MGC + MUC
R-452B m rel = (1 .02 × MLC) + (1 .1 1 × MGC) + (0.91 × MUC)
R-454A m rel = (1 .07 × MLC) + (1 .01 × MGC) + (0.93 × MUC)
R-454B m rel = (1 .02 × MLC) + (1 .07 × MGC) + (0.90 × MUC)
R-454C m rel = (1 .1 0 × MLC) + (0.94 × MGC) + (0.94 × MUC)
R-457A m rel = (1 .09 × MLC) + (0.82 × MGC) + (0.92 × MUC)

where
MLC = refrigerant liquid contained in liquid interconnecting tubing in cooling mode in lb m (kg) per Table 9-1 0
MGC = refrigerant vapor contained in vapor interconnecting tubing in cooling mode in lb m (kg) per Table 9-11
MUC = refrigerant contained in the indoor section in cooling mode in lb m (kg) per Table 9-1 2

20
Table 9-1 0 MLC: Refrigerant Liquid Contained in Liquid Interconnecting Tubing from Safety Shut-Off Valves to Each Indoor Section in Cooling Mode
I-P Units
Tube Length, ft
3.0 6.0 9.0 1 2.0 1 5.0 1 8.0 21 .0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 36.0
Tube OD, in. ML C, lb m
0.250 (1 /4) 0.03 0.07 0.1 0 0.1 3 0.1 7 0.20 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.34 0.37 0.40
0.31 3 (5/1 6) 0.06 0.1 2 0.1 8 0.24 0.29 0.35 0.41 0.47 0.53 0.59 0.65 0.71
0.375 (3/8) 0.09 0.1 8 0.27 0.36 0.46 0.55 0.64 0.73 0.82 0.91 1 .00 1 .09
0.500 (1 /2) 0.1 8 0.35 0.53 0.71 0.89 1 .06 1 .24 1 .42 1 .59 1 .77 1 .95 2.1 3
0.625 (5/8) 0.28 0.57 0.85 1 .1 4 1 .42 1 .70 1 .99 2.27 2.55 2.84 3.1 2 3.41
0.750 (3/4) 0.41 0.81 1 .22 1 .63 2.03 2.44 2.85 3.26 3.66 4.07 4.48 4.88
0.875 (7/8) 0.56 1 .1 3 1 .69 2.25 2.81 3.38 3.94 4.50 5.07 5.63 6.1 9 6.75
1 .000 0.74 1 .48 2.22 2.95 3.69 4.43 5.1 7 5.91 6.65 7.38 8.1 2 8.86
1 .1 25 (1 -1 /8) 0.95 1 .91 2.86 3.82 4.77 5.73 6.68 7.64 8.59 9.55 1 0.50 11 .46
1 .250 (1 -1 /4) 1 .1 8 2.37 3.55 4.73 5.91 7.1 0 8.28 9.46 1 0.65 11 .83 1 3.01 1 4.20
1 .500 (1 -1 /2) 1 .72 3.45 5.1 7 6.89 8.61 1 0.34 1 2.06 1 3.78 1 5.51 1 7.23 1 8.95 20.67
Tube Length, m
1 .0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 1 0.0 11 .0 1 2.0
Tube OD, mm ML C, kg
6.35 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.1 6 0.1 7 0.1 9
7.94 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.1 4 0.1 6 0.1 9 0.22 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.33
9.53 0.04 0.08 0.1 3 0.1 7 0.21 0.25 0.29 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.50
1 2.70 0.08 0.1 6 0.24 0.33 0.41 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.81 0.90 0.98
1 5.90 0.1 3 0.26 0.39 0.52 0.65 0.78 0.91 1 .04 1 .1 7 1 .31 1 .44 1 .57
1 9.1 0 0.1 9 0.37 0.56 0.75 0.94 1 .1 2 1 .31 1 .50 1 .69 1 .87 2.06 2.25
22.20 0.26 0.52 0.78 1 .04 1 .30 1 .56 1 .82 2.07 2.33 2.59 2.85 3.11
25.40 0.34 0.68 1 .02 1 .36 1 .70 2.04 2.39 2.73 3.07 3.41 3.75 4.09

28.60 0.44 0.88 1 .32 1 .76 2.20 2.64 3.08 3.53 3.97 4.41 4.85 5.29
31 .80 0.55 1 .09 1 .64 2.1 8 2.73 3.27 3.82 4.37 4.91 5.46 6.00 6.55
38.1 0 0.80 1 .59 2.39 3.1 9 3.99 4.78 5.58 6.38 7.1 8 7.97 8.77 9.57
Note: MLC shall be determined by interpolation of the values in the table or by selecting the next highest value. Extrapolation is allowed for lengths above those shown.
Table 9-11 MG C: Refrigerant Vapor Contained in Vapor Interconnecting Tubing from Safety Shut-Off Valves to Each Indoor Section in Cooling Mode
I-P Units
Tube Length, ft
3.0 6.0 9.0 1 2.0 1 5.0 1 8.0 21 .0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 36.0
Tube OD, in. MGC, lb m
0.250 (1 /4) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.31 3 (5/1 6) 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.375 (3/8) 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04
0.500 (1 /2) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07
0.625 (5/8) 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0 0.11 0.1 2
0.750 (3/4) 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.1 0 0.11 0.1 3 0.1 4 0.1 5 0.1 7
0.875 (7/8) 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.1 6 0.1 7 0.1 9 0.21 0.23

1 .000 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.1 0 0.1 3 0.1 5 0.1 8 0.20 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.31
1 .1 25 (1 -1 /8) 0.03 0.07 0.1 0 0.1 3 0.1 6 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.40
1 .250 (1 -1 /4) 0.04 0.08 0.1 2 0.1 6 0.20 0.24 0.29 0.33 0.37 0.41 0.45 0.49
1 .500 (1 -1 /2) 0.06 0.1 2 0.1 8 0.24 0.30 0.36 0.42 0.48 0.54 0.59 0.65 0.71
Tube Length, m
1 .0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 1 0.0 11 .0 1 2.0
Tube OD, mm MGC, kg
6.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01
7.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
9.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02
1 2.70 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
1 5.90 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05
1 9.1 0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08
22.20 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0 0.11
25.40 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.1 2 0.1 3 0.1 4
28.60 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.1 5 0.1 7 0.1 8
31 .80 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.1 3 0.1 5 0.1 7 0.1 9 0.21 0.23
38.1 0 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.1 4 0.1 7 0.1 9 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.30 0.33
21
Note: MGC shall be determined by interpolation of the values in the table or by selecting the next highest value. Extrapolation is allowed for lengths above those shown.
Table 9-1 2 MU C : Refrigerant Contained in Indoor Section in Cooling Mode
I-P SI

3 3
Indoor Section , ft MUH, lb m Indoor Section , m MU H, kg
0.04 1 .02 0.001 0.43
0.08 1 .59 0.002 0.66
0.1 2 2.1 6 0.003 0.89
0.1 6 2.73 0.004 1 .1 2
0.20 3.30 0.005 1 .34
0.24 3.87 0.006 1 .57
0.28 4.44 0.007 1 .80
0.32 5.01 0.008 2.03
0.36 5.58 0.009 2.26
0.40 6.1 5 0.01 0 2.49
0.44 6.72 0.011 2.71
0.48 7.29 0.01 2 2.94
0.52 7.85 0.01 3 3.1 7
0.56 8.42 0.01 4 3.40
0.60 8.99 0.01 5 3.63
0.64 9.56 0.01 6 3.85
0.68 1 0.1 3 0.01 7 4.08
0.72 1 0.70 0.01 8 4.31
0.76 11 .27 0.01 9 4.54
0.80 11 .84 0.020 4.77
0.84 1 2.41 0.021 4.99
0.88 1 2.98 0.022 5.22
0.92 1 3.55 0.023 5.45
0.96 1 4.1 2 0.024 5.68
1 .00 1 4.69 0.025 5.91

Note: MUC shall be determined by interpolation of the values in the table or by selecting the next highest value.
Table 9-1 3 mrel Equations for Systems Using Safety Shut-Off Valves in Off/Standby Mode
Refrigerant Releasable Refrigerant Charge in Off/Standby Mode
R-32 m rel = MLS + MGS + MUS

R-452B m rel = (1 .03 × MLS) + (1 .03 × MGS) + (1 .03 × MUS)
R-454A m rel = (1 .06 × MLS) + (1 .06 × MGS) + (1 .06 × MUS)
R-454B m rel = (1 .03 × MLS) + (1 .03 × MGS) + (1 .03 × MUS)
R-454C m rel = (1 .08 × MLS) + (1 .08 × MGS) + (1 .08 × MUS)
R-457A m rel = (1 .07 × MLS) + (1 .07 × MGS) + (1 .07 × MUS)
where
MLS = refrigerant liquid contained in liquid interconnecting tubing in off/standby mode in lb m (kg) per Table 9-1 4
MGS = refrigerant vapor contained in vapor interconnecting tubing in off/standby mode in lb m (kg) per Table 9-1 5
MUS = refrigerant contained in the indoor section in off/standby mode in lb m (kg) per Table 9-1 6

Table 9-1 4 MLS: Refrigerant Liquid Contained in Liquid Interconnecting Tubing from Safety Shut-Off Valves to Each Indoor Section in Off/Standby Mode
I-P Units
Tube Length, ft
3.0 6.0 9.0 1 2.0 1 5.0 1 8.0 21 .0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 36.0
Tube OD, in. ML S, lb m
0.250 (1 /4) 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0 0.11
0.31 3 (5/1 6) 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.1 5 0.1 7 0.1 9
0.375 (3/8) 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.1 0 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.1 7 0.1 9 0.21 0.24 0.26 0.29
0.500 (1 /2) 0.05 0.09 0.1 4 0.1 9 0.23 0.28 0.33 0.37 0.42 0.46 0.51 0.56
0.625 (5/8) 0.07 0.1 5 0.22 0.30 0.37 0.45 0.52 0.60 0.67 0.74 0.82 0.89
0.750 (3/4) 0.11 0.21 0.32 0.43 0.53 0.64 0.75 0.85 0.96 1 .07 1 .1 7 1 .28
0.875 (7/8) 0.1 5 0.30 0.44 0.59 0.74 0.89 1 .03 1 .1 8 1 .33 1 .48 1 .62 1 .77

1 .000 0.1 9 0.39 0.58 0.77 0.97 1 .1 6 1 .36 1 .55 1 .74 1 .94 2.1 3 2.32
1 .1 25 (1 -1 /8) 0.25 0.50 0.75 1 .00 1 .25 1 .50 1 .75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.76 3.01
1 .250 (1 -1 /4) 0.31 0.62 0.93 1 .24 1 .55 1 .86 2.1 7 2.48 2.79 3.1 0 3.41 3.72
1 .500 (1 -1 /2) 0.45 0.90 1 .36 1 .81 2.26 2.71 3.1 6 3.61 4.07 4.52 4.97 5.42
Tube Length, m
1 .0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 1 0.0 11 .0 1 2.0
Tube OD, mm ML S , kg
6.35 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05
7.94 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
9.53 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0 0.11 0.1 2 0.1 3
1 2.70 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.1 3 0.1 5 0.1 7 0.1 9 0.21 0.23 0.26
1 5.90 0.03 0.07 0.1 0 0.1 4 0.1 7 0.21 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.34 0.38 0.41
1 9.1 0 0.05 0.1 0 0.1 5 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.34 0.39 0.44 0.49 0.54 0.59
22.20 0.07 0.1 4 0.20 0.27 0.34 0.41 0.48 0.54 0.61 0.68 0.75 0.82
25.40 0.09 0.1 8 0.27 0.36 0.45 0.54 0.63 0.72 0.80 0.89 0.98 1 .07
28.60 0.1 2 0.23 0.35 0.46 0.58 0.69 0.81 0.92 1 .04 1 .1 6 1 .27 1 .39
31 .80 0.1 4 0.29 0.43 0.57 0.72 0.86 1 .00 1 .1 5 1 .29 1 .43 1 .57 1 .72
38.1 0 0.21 0.42 0.63 0.84 1 .05 1 .25 1 .46 1 .67 1 .88 2.09 2.30 2.51
Note: MLS shall be determined by interpolation of the values in the table or by selecting the next highest value. Extrapolation is allowed for lengths above those shown.
23
24
Table 9-1 5 MG S: Refrigerant Vapor Contained in Vapor Interconnecting Tubing from Safety Shut-Off Valves to Each Indoor Section in Off/Standby Mode
I-P Units
Tube Length, ft
3.0 6.0 9.0 1 2.0 1 5.0 1 8.0 21 .0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 36.0
Tube OD, in. MGS, lb m
0.250 (1 /4) 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0 0.11
0.31 3 (5/1 6) 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.1 5 0.1 7 0.1 9
0.375 (3/8) 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.1 0 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.1 7 0.1 9 0.21 0.24 0.26 0.29
0.500 (1 /2) 0.05 0.09 0.1 4 0.1 9 0.23 0.28 0.33 0.37 0.42 0.46 0.51 0.56
0.625 (5/8) 0.07 0.1 5 0.22 0.30 0.37 0.45 0.52 0.60 0.67 0.74 0.82 0.89
0.750 (3/4) 0.11 0.21 0.32 0.43 0.53 0.64 0.75 0.85 0.96 1 .07 1 .1 7 1 .28
0.875 (7/8) 0.1 5 0.30 0.44 0.59 0.74 0.89 1 .03 1 .1 8 1 .33 1 .48 1 .62 1 .77
1 .000 0.1 9 0.39 0.58 0.77 0.97 1 .1 6 1 .36 1 .55 1 .74 1 .94 2.1 3 2.32
1 .1 25 (1 -1 /8) 0.25 0.50 0.75 1 .00 1 .25 1 .50 1 .75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.76 3.01
1 .250 (1 -1 /4) 0.31 0.62 0.93 1 .24 1 .55 1 .86 2.1 7 2.48 2.79 3.1 0 3.41 3.72
1 .500 (1 -1 /2) 0.45 0.90 1 .36 1 .81 2.26 2.71 3.1 6 3.61 4.07 4.52 4.97 5.42
Tube Length, m
1 .0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 1 0.0 11 .0 1 2.0
Tube OD, mm MGS, kg
6.35 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05
7.94 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
9.53 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0 0.11 0.1 2 0.1 3
1 2.70 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.1 3 0.1 5 0.1 7 0.1 9 0.21 0.23 0.26
1 5.90 0.03 0.07 0.1 0 0.1 4 0.1 7 0.21 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.34 0.38 0.41
1 9.1 0 0.05 0.1 0 0.1 5 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.34 0.39 0.44 0.49 0.54 0.59
22.20 0.07 0.1 4 0.20 0.27 0.34 0.41 0.48 0.54 0.61 0.68 0.75 0.82
25.40 0.09 0.1 8 0.27 0.36 0.45 0.54 0.63 0.72 0.80 0.89 0.98 1 .07

28.60 0.1 2 0.23 0.35 0.46 0.58 0.69 0.81 0.92 1 .04 1 .1 6 1 .27 1 .39
31 .80 0.1 4 0.29 0.43 0.57 0.72 0.86 1 .00 1 .1 5 1 .29 1 .43 1 .57 1 .72
38.1 0 0.21 0.42 0.63 0.84 1 .05 1 .25 1 .46 1 .67 1 .88 2.09 2.30 2.51
Note: MGS shall be determined by interpolation of the values in the table or by selecting the next highest value. Extrapolation is allowed for lengths above those shown.
Table 9-1 6 MU S: Refrigerant Contained in Indoor Section in Off/Standby Mode
I-P SI
Indoor Section , ft
3 MU , lb m Indoor Section , m
3 MU , kg
S S
0.04 1 .02 0.001 0.43
0.08 1 .60 0.002 0.66
0.1 2 2.1 7 0.003 0.89
0.1 6 2.74 0.004 1 .1 2
0.20 3.32 0.005 1 .35
0.24 3.89 0.006 1 .58
0.28 4.47 0.007 1 .81
0.32 5.04 0.008 2.04
0.36 5.61 0.009 2.27
0.40 6.1 9 0.01 0 2.50
0.44 6.76 0.011 2.73
0.48 7.34 0.01 2 2.96
0.52 7.91 0.01 3 3.1 9
0.56 8.48 0.01 4 3.42
0.60 9.06 0.01 5 3.65
0.64 9.63 0.01 6 3.88
0.68 1 0.20 0.01 7 4.11
0.72 1 0.78 0.01 8 4.34
0.76 11 .35 0.01 9 4.57
0.80 11 .93 0.020 4.80
0.84 1 2.50 0.021 5.03
0.88 1 3.07 0.022 5.26
0.92 1 3.65 0.023 5.49
0.96 1 4.22 0.024 5.72
1 .00 1 4.79 0.025 5.95

Note: MUS shall be determined by interpolation of the values in the table or by selecting the next highest value.
10.3 Refrigerant Pressure Measuring Instruments. Pressure measuring instruments used during
the charging or withdrawal of refrigerant shall be checked for accuracy and adjusted according to
the pressure measuring instrument manufacturer’s instructions.
10.4 Charging, Withdrawal, and Release of Refrigerants. Service containers shall not be left
connected to a system, except while charging or withdrawing refrigerant. Refrigerants withdrawn
from refrigeration systems shall be transferred into approved containers. Except for discharge from
pressure relief devices or fusible plugs, incidental releases due to leaks, purging of noncondensables,
draining oil, and other routine operating or maintenance procedures in accordance with refrigerant
handling requirements (40 CFR §82 31 ), refrigerants shall not be released to the atmosphere.
10.5 Refrigerant Piping System Test

10.5.1 General. Refrigerant piping systems erected in the field shall be pressure tested for
strength and leak tested for tightness after installation and before being placed in operation or
reused, in accordance with Sections 1 0.5.2 through 1 0.5.7.
10.5.2 Tests shall include both the high- and low-pressure sides of each system.

10.5.3 Listed equipment,
including but not limited to compressors , condensers, precharged line
sets , pressure vessels ,
evaporators, safety devices, pressure gages, and control mechanisms, shall
not be required to be pressure tested for strength, but field-installed connections to listed equipment
shall be leak tested.
10.5.4 Exposure of Refrigerant Piping System

10.5.4.1 New Piping. Newly installed refrigerant pipe, and joints installed in the field, shall be
exposed for visual inspection and testing prior to being covered or enclosed.
10.5.4.2 Reused Piping. Reused piping shall be in compliance with Section 1 0.5.4.1 unless in
accordance with all of the following:
a. Piping shall be protected in accordance with Section 8.5.1 .2. Verification of the presence of
shield plates shallbe accomplished by one of the following methods:
1 . Determine the piping was previously inspected for shield plates through building inspection
records.
2. Use an approved tool or visual inspection to verify shield plates are installed.
10.5.5 Test Gases. The gas used for pressure testing the refrigerant system shall be one of the
following inert gases: oxygen-free nitrogen, helium, argon, or premixed nonflammable oxygen-free
nitrogen with a tracer gas of hydrogen or helium. Oxygen, air, refrigerant, combustible gases, and
mixtures containing such gases shall not be used for strength testing.
10.5.6 Field Test Apparatus. The means used to pressurize the refrigerant piping system shall
have a pressure limiting device or a pressure reducing device, and a test pressure measuring device
on the outlet side. The test pressure measuring device for strength testing and leakage testing shall
have an accuracy of not less than ±3% of the test pressure and shall have a resolution of not less
than 3% of the test pressure.
10.5.7 Piping System Strength Test and Leak Test. The refrigerant piping system shall be
tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions or this section, whichever is
more stringent. Separate tests for low-side and high-side sections of the piping systems shall be
permitted. The refrigerant piping system shall be tested in accordance with both of the following:
a. Pressurize for a minimum of 60 minutes to not less than the lower of the design pressures or the
setting of pressure relief devices. The design pressures for testing shall be the pressures listed
on the label nameplate of the outdoor section , compressor, pressure vessel, or other system
component of the refrigerant circuit. Additional test gas shall not be added to the system after
the start of the pressure test. The system shall show no loss of pressure on the test pressure mea-
suring device during the pressure test.
b. After completing the pressure test, a vacuum test shall be performed. Once the system reaches a
vacuum of 500 microns , the system shall be isolated from the vacuum pump, and the system
pressure shall not rise above 1 500 microns within 1 0 minutes.
11 . MECHANICAL VENTILATION
11.1 Ventilation . Where used as a basis for adjusting the maximum refrigerant charge ( m max) in
Section 9.6, ventilation shall comply with Sections 11 .1 .1 through 11 .1 .3.
11.1.1 Ventilation air shall be operated continuously in accordance with Section 11 .1 .1 .1 or con-
trolled by a refrigerant detection system provided by the manufacturer that is integral to the appli-
ance in accordance with Section 11 .1 .1 .2.
11.1.1.1 Continuous Operation. Ventilation air shall be operated continuously except during
maintenance and service of the ventilation system. The ventilation airflow shall be detected or
monitored continuously. Upon detection of the ventilation system failure, the refrigeration system
compressor operation shall cease.
11.1.1.2 Operation by Refrigerant Detection System . Ventilation initiation by a refrigerant
detection system shall operate continuously for a minimum of five minutes after the refrigerant
detection system is automatically reset due to refrigerant concentration falling below the set point.
The ventilation airflow shall be verified by a monthly self test. Upon detection of the ventilation
system failure, the refrigeration system compressor operation shall cease.
11.1.2 Airflow Control Devices. Airflow control devices, such as air valves or dampers, shall be
driven fully opened when a refrigerant detection system detects refrigerant. Zone dampers, where
present, shall fully open when a refrigerant detection system detects refrigerant.

Table 1 2-1 Maximum Inductive Loads (kVA)
Refrigerant Breaking All Phases Breaking 2 Legs (3Ph) or 1 Leg (1 Ph)
R-32 5 2.5
R-452B 38.7 1 9.4
R-454A 1 2.1 6.1
R-454B 5.7 2.8
R-454C 39.4 1 9.7
R-457A 6.4 3.2
11 .1 .3* Discharge of Exhaust Air. Mechanical ventilation shall discharge to the exterior of the
building or to an interior space. When discharging to an interior space, the releasable charge (m rel)
determined using Section 9.6 shall not exceed m max for the interior space as determined using Sec-
tions 9.4.3.3 and 9.5.1 . When the mechanical ventilation is discharging to an interior space, addi-
tional ventilation within that space shall not be considered in the determination of m max.
1 2. ADD-ON HEAT PUMPS

1 2.1 Installation of add-on heat pumps containing A2L refrigerants shall comply additionally with
Sections 1 2.1 .1 through 1 2.1 .6.
1 2.1 .1 The sensor of the refrigerant detection system shall be an integral part of the indoor coil
assembly.
1 2.1 .2 Wiring connecting the refrigerant detection system to a furnace assembly shall use, at a
minimum, 1 8 AWG wire with a minimum insulation thickness of 0.0625 in. (1 .58 mm), or the wire
shall be protected from damage.
1 2.1 .3* Upon detection of a leak, the refrigerant detection system shall activate the indoor fan to
supply full stage cooling airflow.
1 2.1 .4 The airflow speed setting selected on the furnace shall provide the airflow specified in the
add-on heat pump manufacturer’s installation instructions .
1 2.1 .5 The refrigerant detection system shall be tested for proper operation after installation in
accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions .
1 2.1 .6* The inductive load of the indoor blower used with an add-on heat pump shall not exceed
the values in Table 1 2-1 .
1 3. NORMATIVE REFERENCES
1. ASHRAE. 201 9. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, Designation and Safety Classification of
Refrigerants . Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE.
2. UL. 201 9. UL 60335-2-40/CSA-C22.2 No. 60335-2-40, Safety of Household and Similar Elec-
trical Appliances, Part 2-40: Particular Requirements for Electrical Heat Pumps, Air-Con-
ditioners, and Dehumidifiers . Northbrook, IL: Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
3. UL. 201 4. UL 484/CSA 22.2 No. 11 7, Standard for Room Air Conditioners. Northbrook, IL:
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
4. UL. 1 995. UL 1 995/CSA C22.2 No. 236, Heating and Cooling Equipment. Northbrook, IL:
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
5. AHRI. 201 9. AHRI Standard 700, Specifications for Refrigerants . Arlington, VA: Air-Condi-
tioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute.
6. UL. 2020. UL 207, Standard for Refrigerant-Containing Components and Accessories, Non-
electrical. Northbrook, IL: Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
7. ASSE. 201 2. ASSE 1 079, Performance Requirements for Dielectric Pipe Unions . Mokena, IL:
ASSE International.
8. AWS. 2011 . A5.8M/A5.8, AMD1 Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Weld-
ing. Miami, FL: American Welding Society.
9. ASME. 201 8. ASME B1 .20.1 -201 3 (R201 8), Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch . New
York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

1 0. ASME. 1 976. ASME B1 .20.3-1 976 (RA201 8), Dryseal Pipe Threads, Inch . New York: Amer-
ican Society of Mechanical Engineers.
11 . ASME. 2006. ASME B1 .1 3M-2005 (R2020), Metric Screw Threads: M Profile. New York:
American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
1 2. ASME. 2020. ASME B1 .1 -201 9, Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN, UNR, and UNJ Thread
Forms). New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
1 3. ASTM. 201 9. ASTM B21 0/B21 0M Revision 1 9A, Standard Specification for Aluminum and
Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
1 4. ASTM. 201 5. ASTM B491 /B491 M, Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-
Alloy Extruded Round Tubes for General-Purpose Applications. West Conshohocken, PA:
ASTM International.
1 5. ASTM. 2011 . ASTM B68/B68M, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, Bright
Annealed. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
1 6. ASTM. 2011 . ASTM B75/B75M, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube. West
Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
1 7. ASTM. 201 6. ASTM B280, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air Condi-
tioning and Refrigeration Field Service. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
1 8. ASTM. 201 9. ASTM B81 9, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Medical
Gas Systems. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
1 9. ASTM. 201 6. ASTM B1 003, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Linesets.
West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
20. ASTM. 201 6. ASTM B361 , Standard Specification for Factory-Made Wrought Aluminum and
Aluminum-Alloy Welding Fittings. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
21 . ASME. 201 8. ASME B1 6.1 5, Cast Copper Alloy Threaded Fittings: Classes 125 and 250.
New York: American Society Of Mechanical Engineers.
22. ASME. 201 8. ASME B1 6.1 8, Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings . New York:
23. ASME. 201 8. ASME B1 6.22, Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Pressure Fit-
tings . New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
24. ASME. 201 8. ASME B1 6.26, Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes . New York:
25. ASME. 201 8. ASME B1 6.50, Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Braze-Joint Pressure Fit-
tings . New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
26. ASTM. 2021 . ASTM A1 05, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping
Applications. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
27. ASTM. 2020. ASTM A1 81 , Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-
Purpose Piping. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
28. ASTM. 201 9. ASTM A234, Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon
Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service. West Conshohocken, PA:
ASTM International.
29. ASTM. 2020. ASTM A420, Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel
and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
30. MSS. 201 8. ANSI/MSS SP-58, Pipe Hangers and Supports—Materials, Design, Manufacture,
Selection, Application, and Installation. Vienna, VA: Manufacturers Standardization Society.
31 . GPO. 2021 . Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 CFR 82, Protection of Stratospheric Ozone.
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Publishing Office.

(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain
INFORMATIVE APPENDIX A
EXPLANATORY MATERIAL
This informative appendix is not part of the standard. It provides explanatory information related to
provisions in the standard. Sections of the standard with associated explanatory information in this
appendix are marked with an asterisk “*”.
Section 2, “Scope”
Although the scope of ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2 is broad enough to encompass all refrigerants and
cord-connected appliances , regulations currently provided in this standard are limited to Group A1
and A2L refrigerants, and cord-connected appliances are not addressed. Refrigeration systems using
refrigerants other than Group A1 and A2L are thereby covered by ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5,
Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems, and regulation of cord-connected appliances is deferred
to applicable UL standards. For ammonia refrigeration systems, refer to ANSI/IIAR Standard 2.
Section 4, “Definitions”
access (to): “to be reached” is intended to ensure that close approach is not prevented by elevation
or other barriers or obstructions, does not require climbing over or removing any obstacles, and
does not require use of portable devices, other than a ladder, to get to the equipment and compo-
nents. This differs from ready access , which is intended to prohibit the need for a ladder to reach a
device, appliance, or equipment, or to require removal of a panel, door, or similar obstruction to
access equipment or components.
add-on heat pump: often referred to as a “furnace coil,” which is a cooling coil that sits on top of
(or under or beside) a furnace (which can be fossil-fuel fired or electric).
conditioned space: spaces are indirectly heated or cooled where they connect through openings with
conditioned spaces, where they are separated from conditioned spaces by uninsulated walls, floors,
or ceilings, or where they contain uninsulated ducts, tubing, or other sources of heating or cooling.
duct: air passages in self-contained systems are not considered to be air ducts.
field-installed accessories: examples include condensate pumps; UV lights; components having
motors; items in the airstream, such as supplemental electric heat, duct fans, zone dampers, humid-
ifiers, and dehumidifiers; and other items considered part of the system installation, such as circuit
boards and controllers.
pressure relief device: temperature regulated devices are excluded here because they are covered
via the use of a fusible plug.
refrigerant detection system: the term “devices” as used in the definition may include a sensing
element, refrigerant sensor, or refrigerant detector, depending on the technology used by the man-
ufacturer to detect the presence of refrigerant gas in compliance with the applicable requirements
in a product safety standard.
sleeping unit: an example of a sleeping unit is a hotel room.
ventilation air: the ventilation air requirements in Standard 1 5.2 differ from those in ASHRAE
Standard 62.2, in that they are not intended to control indoor air quality. Rather, ventilation air in
Standard 1 5.2 serves as a safety mitigation method for reducing the refrigerant concentration
within a space.
Section 5.1
UL 484/CSA 22.2 No. 11 7 3 was added to cover portable terminal air conditioners (PTACs), which
are generally fixed appliances and can be listed to UL 484/CSA 22.2 No. 11 7. Cord-connected
appliances are not addressed by this standard.

Section 5.3
The requirements of Section 5.3 are intended to harmonize Standard 1 5.2 with the detector require-
ments of both ASHRAE Standard 1 5 and UL 60335-2-40/CSA-C22.2 No. 60335-2-40-1 9 2 . Those
found in Section 5.3.1 (g)(1 ) are consistent with the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 1 5, Section
7.6.5, while UL 60335-2-40/CSA-C22.2 No. 60335-2-40-1 9 requires an output signal from the
detector in ten (1 0) seconds or less when reaching a refrigerant concentration ≤ 1 00% LFL . By
allowing the detectors to be tested to either Section 5.3.1 (g)(1 ) or Section 5.3.1 (g)(2), compliance
with ASHRAE or UL 60335-2-40 can be met. A refrigeration system listed to UL 60335-2-40/
CSA-C22.2 No. 60335-2-40-1 9 meets the requirements of this section.
Section 6.1
For A2L refrigerants , this standard covers over the A2L refrigerants listed in the recently proposed
SNAP 23 rule from the U.S. EPA: R-32, R-452B, R-454A, R-454B, R-457A. Other A2Ls will be
added as they become available.
Section 8.5.1 .3
Refrigerant piping is permitted by the building code to be in a shaft with other building utilities or
piping systems.
Section 9.3
For A2L refrigerants , m1 and m 2 in Table 9-1 are defined as follows:
m1 = A × LFL (A-1 )
m2 = B × LFL (A-2)
where
A = 211 .9 m3 and B = 1 836.4 m3 when LFL is expressed in lb m/ft3
A = 6 m3 and B = 52 m3 when LFL is expressed in kg/m3
Section 9.4.3.1
This section addresses multilevel buildings. If floors are connected and the higher floor is a full
flight higher than the lower floor, the dispersal height for the higher floor is reduced to zero (higher
floor elevation above lower floor – lower floor height), and only the first floor area and height are
used. When there is a smaller elevation change between levels, such as three steps up, then upper-
level dispersal height is reduced by the difference in the levels of the two floors (upper floor height
– 3 × step height).
Section 9.5
The refrigerant allowed in a dispersal volume, M, in a single refrigeration system using an A2L
refrigerant in Tables 9-3 and 9-4 is calculated using Equation A-3 or A-4.
M = SF  L FL  h  Area (A-3 )
M
Area = (A-4)
SF  L FL  h
where
SF = safety factor; default value, 4
h = space height, 9.0 ft (2.74 m)
In the case where ventilation is present, the additional allowable charge in Table 9-4 is calcu-
lated using Equation A-5 or A-6.
Q  4  L FL
MV = (A-5)
SF  60
MV  SF  60
Q = (A-6)
4  L FL

Table A-1 Tube Volume per Unit Length
Tube OD Tube Internal Volume per Unit Length
m3 /m mm ft3 /ft ft3 /ft
1 .77E-05 6.35 2.05E-04 2.05E-04
3.1 0E-05 7.94 3.59E-04 3.59E-04
4.80E-05 9.53 5.55E-04 5.55E-04
9.29E-05 1 2.7 1 .08E-03 1 .08E-03
1 .49E-04 1 5.9 1 .73E-03 1 .73E-03
2.1 4E-04 1 9.1 2.48E-03 2.48E-03
2.96E-04 22.2 3.43E-03 3.43E-03
3.89E-04 25.4 4.50E-03 4.50E-03
5.03E-04 28.6 5.82E-03 5.82E-03
6.23E-04 31 .8 7.21 E-03 7.21 E-03
9.1 0E-04 38.1 1 .05E-02 1 .05E-02
1 .08E-03 41 .3 1 .25E-02 1 .25E-02
1 .88E-03 54.0 2.1 8E-02 2.1 8E-02
2.89E-03 66.7 3.35E-02 3.35E-02
Table A-2 Refrigerant Densities to be Used When Calculating Releasable Charge
Refrigerant Property Density, lbm/ft3 Density, kg/m3

ρ VAP-H 3.5 56.4
ρ LIQ-H 55.6 890.3
ρ MIX-H 24.3 390.0
ρ VAP-C 1 .9 30.2
ρ LIQ-C 54.7 876.1
ρ MIX-C 1 4.2 228.1
where
Q = mechanical ventilation airflow, m3 /h
SF = safety factor; default value, 4
60 = conversion factor from minutes to hours
4 = assumed leak time (4 minutes)
Section 9.6
Tables in this section are derived from equations in UL 6033 5-2-40/CSA-C22.2 No. 60335-2-40 2 .
The factor 68 g/s (0.1 5 lb/s) was reduced to 6.8 g/s (0.01 5 lb/s), the 1 .3 multiplier was eliminated,
and the vapor-liquid ratios were found to be wrong and inverted. The releasable charge, m rel, is the
larger value as calculated by Appendix A, Sections 9.6.3.1 and 9.6.3.2, below. It was determined
that the off mode releasable charge was always lower than the heating mode and cooling mode and
is not shown here. The releasable charge is calculated using the internal volume of all interconnect-
ing tubing and all indoor sections downstream of the safety shut-off valves . Internal volume of tub-
ing is determined by multiplying the length of tubing times the internal volume per length specified
in Table A-1 . Refrigerant real gas properties are from either NIST REFPROP, or ISO 1 7584, or the
refrigerant manufacturer. Table A-2 provides values of refrigerant density that may be used to cal-
culate releasable charge in the absence of refrigerant properties from NIST REFPROP, ISO 1 7584,
or the refrigerant manufacturer.

Section 9.6.3.1
The releasable charge in the heating mode, m REL-H, is calculated per the following:
m REL-H = LVAP × TD VAP × ρ VAP-H + L LIQ × TD LIQ × ρ LIQ-H +
IVUNIT × ρ MIX-H + LR × TRESP (A-7)
where
LVAP = total length of vapor interconnecting tubing from the safety shut-off valves to each
indoor section, ft (m)
TD VAP = tube volume per length for tube diameter L VAP from Table A-1 , ft3 /ft (m3 /m)
ρVAP-H = density of superheated vapor refrigerant at 1 05 °F (40.6°C) saturation temperature with
a degree of superheat equal to 60 °R (33.3 K), ft3 /ft (m3 /m)
LLIQ = total length of liquid interconnecting tubing from the safety shut-off valves to each
TD LIQ = tube volume per length for tube diameter L LIQ from Table A-1 , ft3 /ft (m3 /m)
ρ LIQ-H = density of saturated liquid refrigerant at 1 05°F (40.6°C), ft3 /ft (m3 /m)
IVUNIT = total internal volume of all indoor sections including coil, headers , tubing, and all
refrigerant-containing parts of the units that are downstream of the safety shut-offvalve
as determined by the manufacturer, ft3 (m3 )
ρMIX-H = refrigerant density assuming 40% liquid and 60% vapor by volume (0.40 × ρ LIQ-H +
0.60 × ρ VAP-H), ft3 /ft (m3 /m)
LR = 0.01 5 lb/s (0.0068 kg/sec)
TRESP = response time for refrigerant detection system in seconds, which will be 30 seconds
Section 9.6.3.2
The releasable charge in the cooling mode, m REL-C, is calculated per the following:
m REL-C = L VAP × TD VAP × ρ VAP-C + LLIQ × TD LIQ × ρ LIQ-C +

IVUNIT × ρ MIX-C + LR × TRESP (A-8)
where
ρVAP-C = density of saturated vapor refrigerant at 50°F (1 0°C), lb/ft3 (kg/m3 )
ρ LIQ-C = density of saturated liquid refrigerant at 11 0°F (43.3°C), lb/ft3 (kg/m3 )
ρ LIQ-C, 2 = density of saturated liquid refrigerant at 50°F (1 0°C), lb/ft3 (kg/m3 )
refrigerant-containing parts of the units that are downstream of the safety shut-offvalve
ρMIX-C = refrigerant density assuming 20% liquid and 80% vapor by volume (0.20 × ρ LIQ-C +
0.80 × ρ VAP-C), lb/ft3 (kg/m3 )
LR = 0.01 5 lb/s (0.0068 kg/sec)
Section 9.6.3.3
The releasable charge in the off/standby mode, m REL-S, is calculated per the following:

m REL-S = L VAP × TD VAP × ρ OFF + LLIQ × TD LIQ × ρ OFF +
IVUNIT × ρ OFF + LR × TRESP (A-9)
where
refrigerant containing parts of the units that are downstream of the safety shut-offvalve
ρOFF = refrigerant density assuming 20% liquid and 80% vapor by volume at 75°F (23.9°C)
saturation conditions, lb/ft3 (kg/m3 )
LR = 0.01 5 lb/s (0.0068 kg/sec)

Section 11 .1 .3
Ventilation air used to reduce the refrigerant concentration may be exhausted to the outdoors or
transferred to another indoor space. When transferred to another indoor space, a second ventilation
system may not be used within that space for purposes of determining m max. This prevents reliance
on cascading ventilation air systems as a safety mitigation measure.
Section 1 2.1 .3
Checking of the refrigerant detector set point is not required.
Section 1 2.1 .6
The maximum inductive load is a function of the refrigerant burning velocity at the worst-case for-
mulation (WCF) condition. Currently, there is no value listed at WCF for R454C and R457C. For
the table, the worst-case fractionated formulation (WCFF) values were used. This will be updated
when those burning velocities are available. The maximum allowable inductive load (switched
electrical load) in kVA for add-on heat pumps is calculated with one of the following equations:
Le = 5 × (6.7/Su) 4 when breaking all phases (A-1 0)
or
Le = 2.5 × (6.7/Su) 4 when breaking two legs of a three-phase load

or when breaking one or two legs of a single-phase load (A-11 )
where
Le = switched inductive electrical load, kVa
Su = burning velocity of the refrigerant, cm/s
The burning velocity (Su) will be the higher of
a. the value specified in ISO 81 7 or

b. the measured value in humid air at 27°C ± 0.5°C dew point at 1 01 .3 kPa containing 21 .0 ± 0.1 %
O 2 , excluding water vapor determined at the nominal composition as specified in ISO 81 7.

INFORMATIVE APPENDIX B
GENERAL SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE
B1 . SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS
B1 .1 Personnel performing service and maintenance of the refrigeration system should be trained
and competent with respect to their tasks, meeting all applicable local, state, or national licensing
requirements.
B1 .2 Personnel performing service and maintenance should follow manufacturer’s instructions
with respect to the addition and removal of refrigerants , oils, additives, controls, and accessories.
Maintenance and service personnel should adhere to manufacturer specified service requirements.
B2. SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTATION

B2.1 The service or maintenance technician should keep a service record of all service and mainte-
nance performed on the refrigerant detection system or when the refrigerant circuit is repaired or
replaced. This service record should be kept on site. The service record should be protected from
weather and moisture.
B2.2 In the service record, the following information should be recorded:
a. Date of service and initials of technician performing the work
b. Details of all maintenance and repair work performed on refrigerant detectors or refrigerant
circuits and validation that maintenance and repair work has left the system in proper working
order
c. Quantities and kind (new, reused, or recycled) of refrigerant that have been charged on each
occasion and the quantities of refrigerant that have been transferred from the system on each
occasion (see also Sections 6.1 and 6.2)
d. Changes and replacements of all components of the system
e. Results of all periodic/routine inspections
B3. MAINTENANCE
B3.1 Refrigeration systems should be maintained by the user in a clean condition, free from accu-
mulations of oily dirt, waste, and other debris, and access to refrigeration systems should be pro-
vided at all times.
B3.2 Maintenance, service, and replacement of refrigerant detection systems or refrigerant detec-
tion system components should be performed in accordance with the system manufacturer’s
instructions.
B4. REPAIR
B4.1 Repairs on refrigerant- containing components should be performed by certified, licensed
personnel and carried out in the following order, as appropriate:
a. Remove refrigerant.
b. Purge the circuit with inert gas.
c. Cut out the component to be repaired.
d. Replace the components to be repaired/replaced (e.g. filter drier, coil, compressor, power drive,
pressure vessel, tubing).
e. Perform leak check per Section 8.

f. Evacuate and recharge with refrigerant.
g. Perform functional testing and check of the repaired component.
B4.2 Refrigerant Leaks
B4.2.1 For A2L systems, refrigerant leaks should be identified, repaired, and verified prior to
adding additional refrigerant into the system. Patterns of adding refrigerant (once per three years or

more often) should be considered proof of a leak. Any addition of refrigerant should be marked on
the appliance, indicating the date and amount.
B4.2.2 After any refrigerant system repair, the following should be performed:
a. Leak check all joints internal to the building to which service personnel have access.
b. Verify that the refrigerant detector is functioning per manufacturer’s installation instructions.
c. Verify that the mitigation ventilation /circulation system is functioning.
B4.3 After a pressure relief valve has been actuated, it should be replaced.
B4.4 When oil is drained from a refrigeration system , it should be removed safely in accordance
with the system manufacturer’s instruction manual.
B5. CHANGE OF REFRIGERANT TYPE

B5.1 Refrigerant Conversion. Changes of refrigerant in an existing refrigeration system to a
with a different refrigerant designation should only be allowed in accordance with all
refrigerant
requirements of Sections B5.1 .1 through B5.1 .4.

B5.1.1 The replacement refrigerant should be in the same safety group as the original refrigerant.
B5.1.2 The change of refrigerant should be approved by the owner and the manufacturer.
B5.1.3 The product safety requirements and installation requirements that were applicable at the
time of original product installation continue to be applicable after refrigerant conversion.
B5.1.4 The ASHRAE Standard 34 1 designation of the new refrigerant should be clearly marked on
the appliance, and references to the replaced refrigerant removed or permanently covered.
B6. CHARGING, WITHDRAWAL, AND DISPOSITION OF REFRIGERANTS

B6.1 No service containers should be left connected to a system except while charging or with-
drawing refrigerant. Refrigerants withdrawn from refrigeration systems should be transferred to
approved containers only. Except for discharge of pressure relief devices and fusible plugs , inciden-
tal releases due to leaks, purging of noncondensables, draining oil, and other routine operating or
maintenance procedures, no refrigerant should be intentionally vented to the atmosphere or to loca-
tions such as a sewer, river, stream, or lake.
B6.2 Containers. Containers used for refrigerants withdrawn from a refrigeration system should
be as prescribed in the pertinent regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation or equivalent
local enforcement agency and should be weighed each time they are used for this purpose. Contain-
ers should not be filled in excess of the permissible filling weight.
B6.3 Calibration of Pressure Measuring Equipment. Pressure measuring equipment should be
checked for accuracy and calibrated prior to test and immediately after every occasion of unusually
high (full-scale) pressure, by comparison with master gages or a dead-weight pressure gage tester,
over the operating range of the equipment.
B6.4 Periodic Tests. Refrigerant detection systems, alarm(s), and mechanical ventilating systems
should be tested in accordance with manufacturers’ specifications.

INFORMATIVE APPENDIX C
INFORMATIVE REFERENCES
ASHRAE. 201 9. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5, Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems . Atlanta,
GA: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. 201 9. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2, Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in
Residential Buildings. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
IIAR. 2021 . ANSI/IIAR Standard 2, American National Standard for Safe Design of Closed-Circuit
Ammonia Refrigeration Systems. Alexandria, VA: International Institute of Ammonia Refrig-
eration.
ISO. 2005. ISO Standard 1 7584, Refrigerant Properties . Geneva, Switzerland: International Stan-
dards Organization.
ISO. 201 4. ISO 81 7, Refrigerants—Designation and Safety Classification . Geneva, Switzerland:
International Organization for Standardization.
NIST. 201 3. NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Trans-
port Properties–REFPROP, Version 9.1 . Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and
Technology. Including patch update DLL version 9.11 08 (July 29, 201 4) and mixing parameter
file HMX.BNC (November 9, 201 5); http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist23.cfm, http://www.boul-
der.nist.gov/div838/theory/refprop/Frequently_asked_questions.htm.
Informative Note: The referenced software version or more recent version shall be acceptable.
UL. 201 6. UL 60335-1 /CSA C22.2 No. 60335-1 , Safety of Household and Similar Appliances, Part
1: General Requirements. Northbrook, IL: Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN
FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES
ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment.
ASHRAE’s members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of
the systems and components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide,
consistent with accepted Standards and the practical state of the art.
ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the
indoor and outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the Standards and Guidelines as established by
itself and other responsible bodies.
As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive Technical Committee structure,
continue to generate up-to-date Standards and Guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote
those new and revised Standards developed by other responsible organizations.
Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date Standards and design considerations as the
material is systematically revised.
ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and
will seek out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating
Standards and Guidelines.
The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the
system’s intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.
ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scope
operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and
energy transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection
should be made by its members.
ASHRAE 1 80 Technology Parkway NW Peachtree Corners, GA 30092 www.ashrae.org
· · ·
About ASHRAE
Founded in 1 894, ASHRAE is a global professional society committed to serve humanity by advancing the arts and
sciences of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration, and their allied fields.
As an industry leader in research, standards writing, publishing, certification, and continuing education, ASHRAE
and its members are dedicated to promoting a healthy and sustainable built environment for all, through strategic
partnerships with organizations in the HVAC&R community and across related industries.
To stay current with this and other ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines, visit www.ashrae.org/standards, and
connect on LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.
Visit the ASHRAE Bookstore

ASHRAE offers its Standards and Guidelines in print, as immediately downloadable PDFs, and via ASHRAE Digital
Collections, which provides online access with automatic updates as well as historical versions of publications.
Selected Standards and Guidelines are also offered in redline versions that indicate the changes made between the
active Standard or Guideline and its previous edition. For more information, visit the Standards and Guidelines
section of the ASHRAE Bookstore at www.ashrae.org/bookstore.
IMPORTANT NOTICES ABOUT THIS STANDARD

To ensure that you have all of the approved addenda, errata, and interpretations for this
Standard, visit www.ashrae.org/standards to download them free of charge.
Addenda, errata, and interpretations for ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are no
longer distributed with copies of the Standards and Guidelines. ASHRAE provides
these addenda, errata, and interpretations only in electronic form to promote
more sustainable use of resources.
Product code: 8601 0 4/22

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ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.

Safety Standard for

ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS

a. One- and two-family dwellings and townhouses

2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022 3

piping: see tubing.

4 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022

ant detection system .

refrigeration system: a combination of interconnected equipment, connected by tubing, that forms

space: an enclosed volume within a residential building.

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022 5

dance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions .

as determined by Section 9.4.2.2;

(1 .2 m) or greater above the finished floor; or

9.5 and 9.6.

a. Use a nonadjustable set point to initiate mitigation actions .

6 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022

5.4 Field-Installed Accessory Requirements. All field-installed accessories shall be installed in

b. S ystem refrigerant charge

6. REFRIGERANT CLASSIFICATION AND REQUIREMENTS

7. LOCATION OF REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS AND RESTRICTIONS

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022 7

facturer’s installation instructions .

8 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022

Aluminum tube ASTM B21 0/B21 0M 1 3 , ASTM B491 /B491 M 1 4

Table 8-2 Refrigerant Pipe Fittings

Brass (copper alloy) ASME B1 6.1 5 21

Copper ASME B1 6.1 5 21 , ASME B1 6.1 8 22 , ASME B1 6.22 23 , ASME B1 6.26 24 ,

Steel ASTM A1 05 26 , ASTM A1 81 27

Table 8-3 Copper-Brazed Swaged Cup Depths

3/1 6 0.1 6 0.24

3/8 0.20 0.30

5/8 0.24 0.36

3/4 0.25 0.38

Table 8-4 Allowable Joints

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022 9

3/4 to 7/8 in. 7 10

a. Exposed within a fire resistance rated exit access corridor

a. Brazed or welded joints

10 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022

>20 to ≤250 200

>250 to ≤1 250 300

>1 250 400

exhausted to the outdoors.

9. REFRIGERANT CHARGE LIMITS

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022 11

12 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022

R-452B 4.1 1 .9 35.6 1 6.1

R-454A 3.7 1 .7 32.3 1 4.6

R-454B 3.9 1 .8 34.0 1 5.4

R-454C 3.9 1 .8 33.4 1 5.2

R-457A 2.9 1 .3 24.8 11 .2

be used to calculate dispersal height.

9.5.2 For A2L refrigeration systems with ventilation ,

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022 13

14 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 5.2-2022 15

200 340 3.5 1 .6

220 374 4.2 1 .9