Acid Bases Summary
Acid Bases Summary
Acid Bases Summary
ACIDS
Acidus” Greek for “sour”
Definition: “A substance which ionizes to give H+ ions when dissolved in water”
E.g. HCl H+ + Cl -
so HCl is an acid
NaCl Na+ + Cl -
but NaCl is not an acid
Can conduct electricity in solutions (because of freely moving ions)
Corrosive i.e. cause burns
Turn blue litmus red
Common laboratory acids:
Strong: Hydrochloric Acid, HCl Sulphuric acid, H2SO4 Nitric Acid, HNO3
Weak: Phosphoric Acid, H3PO4 Ethanoic Acid, CH3COOH
Strong and Weak Acids
Strong acids = completely dissociate into ions in an aqueous solution
Weak acids = incompletely dissociate into ions in an aqueous solution
BASES
Any substance which can react with an acid to form a salt is called a base.
BASES
Metal Oxides
Metal Hydroxides
ALKALI
Group 1
Hydroxides and
Group 2
Hydroxides
Usually water soluble
ALKALI
Have a bitter taste and slippery to touch
-
Definition: “A substance which ionizes to give OH ions when dissolved in water”
+ -
E.g. KOH K + OH
so KOH is an alkali
+ -
KBr K + Br
Common Indicators
The pH scale:
Used to measure the degree of acidity of an acid or degree of alkalinity of an alkali
indicating the concentration of H+ ions in the acid and OH- ions in the alkali (simply
speaking, tells you how much acidic is an acid and how much alkaline is an alkali)
Measuring pH
Dip the universal indicator paper in the acidic/alkaline solution. Indicator paper
changes color. Match it with the color chart to find the pH
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