Art

HISTORY
Exploring the most breathtaking
paintings from art’s history and roots.

Candelario, De la Cruz, Ecostan, Flores

 01. Introduction
02. The Reflectory
Table of 03. Pre-Historic Art

CONTENTS
04. Egyptian Art
05. Greek and Roman Art
06. Chinese Art
07. Japanese Art
08. Quiz Galore
INTRODUCTION
Art history is also called art
historiography. It is the historical study
of the visual arts, being concerned with
identifying, classifying, describing,
evaluating, interpreting, and
understanding the art products and
historic development of the fields of
painting, sculpture, architecture, the
decorative arts, drawing, printmaking,
photography, interior design, etc.
TheREFLECTORY
What work of art made you
interested about its
history?
TheREFLECTORY
Did it make you curious
about its creator,
inspiration, or influences?
TheREFLECTORY
Did it make you research
about it?
TheREFLECTORY
What did you find out about
the artist behind the work
and his/her inspiration for
the creation?
 TheMUSEUM
Welcome to The Museum! Join us as we journey into the

fascinating world of art history, where every brushstroke,

every chisel mark, and every stroke of genius tells a story of

human creativity, innovation, and expression.

The
PRIMITIVES
First stop, the prehistoric era of art - where life
forms were art’s greatest subject.
CAVE PAINTINGS
Also known as “parietal art“
Painted drawings on cave walls
or ceilings, mainly of prehistoric
origin, dated to some 40,000
years ago in Eurasia.
CAVE PAINTINGS
Oldest cave painting known is
the “red hand stencil“ found in
Maltravieso cave, Caceres, Spain.
This painting was said to be
made by a Neanderthal.
Animals were a common subject
during this time.
The
EGYPTIANS
Let’s delve into the richest and most civilized
lands in the ancient world, Egypt.
EGYPTIAN ART
Most of the things we know
about this great civilization has
been learned from its art and
architecture.
KING MENES
Also known as King Narmer
First ruler of Egypt
In the Narmer palette, the human
form is portrayed in a way that
became standard in Egyptian art. The
head and legs are shown from the
side, while the eye and shoulders are
shown from the front.
TheNARMER PALETTE
IMHOTEP
First minister of King Joser (ruler of the first
great period of Egyptian civilization)
Was a skilled architect, statesman, and
scholar
He was probably the first architect of the
famous Step Pyramid at Saqqara
STEP PYRAMID
The first stone building in
history and first of the many
pyramids to appear during the
next 1,000 years
Step Pyramid Complex
at Saqqara by Dennis Jarvis
GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA
Also known as the Pyramid of
Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops
The oldest and largest of the three
pyramids in the Giza pyramid
complex bordering what is now El
Giza, Egypt
GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA
The oldest of the Seven Wonders
of the Ancient World, and the only
one to remain largely intact
The pyramids were meant to
house the pharaohs’ bodies and
serve as reminders of their
almighty power
The Pyramids, Giza
by Shellapic76
DEIR EL-BAHARI
The most beautiful of Egyptian
temples built by the famous
Queen Hatshepsut in 1470
 Dei el-Bahari:
Temple of Hatshepsut
by Ron Gatepain
QUEEN HATSHEPSUT
Considered one of Egypt's greatest pharaohs—man or
woman—Hatshepsut brought great wealth and artistry
to her land.
She sponsored one of Egypt's most successful trading
expeditions, bringing back gold, ebony, and incense
from a place called Punt (probably modern-day Eritrea,
a country in Africa).
FUN FACT!
Temples for the gods were built as
great palaces, with stables, orchards
and farmlands, and staff of
attendants.
Daily rituals and seasonal festivals
were pictured on the temple walls.
The
GREEKS
Enter the rich tapestry of history, mythology,
and human expression that defines this ancient
civilization's artistic legacy.
The Ancient Greek art has as main

GREEK ART
characteristic have a high aesthetic
idealism, is not a natural and direct
reality representation, but an idyllic and
perfect vision of the artistic mind
instead, that is perceived and depicted
by them in their different artwork
platforms.
The They use the proportionality and balance

GREEK ART
of the elements and mathematical
measures, to represent a sweetened
reality. They mastered the
representation of human’s figure lines
and their sinuosity to perfection; both in
drawing and sculpture.
PERICLES
Athenian general who
consolidate his power by using public
tried to

money to support the city-state’s

artists and thinkers, and to build
temples and other public buildings in
the city of Athens around 450 B.C.
The
PARTHENON
Most noteworthy result of Pericles’ campaign. This
was a temple in honor of the city’s patron goddess
Athena. The Parthenon was built atop the Acropolis, a
natural pedestal made of rock that was the site of the
earliest settlements in Athens.
The Parthenon
by Mark Cartwright
PEDIMENT
A triangular space into which sculptors
squeeze elaborate scenes. On the Parthenon,
for example, the pediment sculptures show
the birth of Athena on one end and a battle
between Athena and Poseidon on the other.
PEDIMENT
PEDIMENT OF PARTHENON RECONSTRUCTION
The
ROMANS
Marvel at the lifelike sculptures and intricate
mosaics that showcase the skill of Roman artists.
Prepare to step back in time and experience the
splendor of a civilization that shaped the course
of art history.
 TheROMAN ART
The Roman art is a very broad topic, spanning almost
1,000 years and three continents, from Europe and Africa
and Asia. The first Roman art can be dated back to 509
B.C.E., with the legendary founding of the Roman
Republic, and lasted until 330 C.E. (or much longer, if you
include Byzantine art).
 TheROMAN ART
Roman art also encompasses a broad spectrum of media
including marble, painting, mosaic, gems, silver, bronze
work, and terracottas, just to name a few.
TheCOLOSSEUM by William West
TheBATHS OF CARACALLA Photo by David Edgar
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
The Romans used a great deal of
sculpted decoration to embellish
their architecture. Many of these
decorations were copied from
Greek styles. In fact, many Greek
forms were simply placed on the
facades of Roman buildings.
ROMAN PORTRAITURE
The Romans showed their skill and originality in
their portraits. They portrayed their emperors,
generals and senators with a degree of realism
unknown to the Greeks. Thinning hair, double chins,
crooked noses – all the physical traits that make
one person look different from another – can be
found in Roman portraiture.
The
PATRICIAN
TORLONIA BUST OF
CATO THE ELDER
ROMAN Featuring the City of

PAINTINGS
Pompeii
 ROMAN
PAINTINGS
Painting was usually done as a form of
decoration. In Pompeii, paintings were
executed on the inside walls of the
houses in fresco. These murals were
used to make the room seem larger, by
giving the illusion of depth, or to
create a pastoral landscape where
there was no window or view.
 ROMAN
PAINTINGS
Roman painting achieved a high
degree of naturalism through the
artists understanding of perspective
and the use of light and shade.
Fresco Paintings
Found in the walls of Pompeii
Fresco Paintings
Found in the walls of Pompeii
Fresco Paintings
Found in the walls of Pompeii
The
CHINESE
Let’s explore one of the countries with the
longest and most continuous art history in the
world, depicting the evolution of their culture and
traditions, China.

Travelers Among Mountains and Streams (谿山行旅图)

Fan Kuan, Song Dynasty
 HISTORY OF
CHINESE ART
Its beginning can be traced to
5000 B.C. at Stone Age.
Earliest painting was ornamental
and not representational wherein
it consisted of patterns or
designs instead of pictures.
 WARRING STATES PERIOD (403-221B.C.)
- The time when Chinese artists started to represent
the world around them.

HAN DYNASTY (202 B.C. - A.D. 220)

TANG DYNASTY (618-906)
- The dynasties that mainly painted human
figure on silk banners, lacquered objects and tomb
walls, which are used as offering and protection to
the dead.

Funerary Silk Banner from the tomb of Lady Dai (Xin Zhui)
Han Dynasty
 SIX DYNASTIES PERIOD
- Confucian moral themes
became the inspiration of the
artists‘ of this era.

The Admonitions of the Instructress to the Court Ladies (女史箴图)

Gu Kaizhi
 FIVE DYNASTIES PERIOD to
NORTHERN SONG PERIOD (907-1127)
- THE GREAT AGE OF CHINESE LANDSCAPE
- Artists from the north like Jing Hau, Fan Kuan, and
Guo Xi painted mountains using strong black lines, ink
wash and sharp, and dotted brush strokes.
- Artists from the south like Dong Yuan and Ju Ran
painted the rolling hills and rivers in peaceful scenes
done with softer, rubbed brushwork.

Snow Mountain
Guo Xi
 MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)
WU SCHOOL ZHE SCHOOL
- Uses Yuan scholar-painters technique of - Uses the style of the Song court, wherein their
using fine brush strokes to create a delicate works depicts picturesque applications of color,
work, full of diverse elements and ideation. with more traditional and conventional style

Poet on a Mountain Top Life on the River

Shen Zhou Dai Jin
The Branch of Wisteria
by Qi Baishi

Qi Baishi is one of the

most beloved modern
Chinese painter who
began as a poor boy and
became a great master
of the art. His famous
works depicts flowers
and small animals.
BRONZE, JADE, and CERAMICS of Ancient China

Bronze (The Great Bronze Age):

Lasted from Shang to Han Dynasty.
They were used for ritual purposes.

Bronze Altar
BRONZE, JADE, and CERAMICS of Ancient China

Jade:
During Eastern Zhou Period tools
were created to produce exquisite
jade designs and patterns.

Handle-Shaped Blade
BRONZE, JADE, and CERAMICS of Ancient China

Ceramics:
Song Dynasty Beautiful wares
were produced for the royal
court in which the most valued
are celadon.
Ming Dynasty blue and white
wares are also admired.
Ceramic Dish
Tang Dynasty
- The golden age of Buddhist sculpture.

Buddha Preaching at Vulture Peak

 Terracotta Warriors
found at the tomb of Emperor Shi Huangdi
FUN FACT!
The Mausoleum of the First Qin
Emperor, Shi Huang Di, has not
been excavated up to this date
and was still guarded by
thousands of Terracotta Army and
Horses, and was believed to be
still filled with priceless treasures,
and unknown history known only
by the people of Qin Dynasty.
The
JAPANESE
Lastly, let’s discover the diverse and fascinating
aspects of Japan, from its natural wonders and
cultural heritage to its technology and cuisine.
JAPANESE ART
Most sculptures made before the
mid-1800’s were objects of worship
displayed in temples and shrines,
like statues of the gods of
Buddhismand of the native Shinto
religion. The earliest sculptures
were made of clay.
The
GREAT BUDDHA
During the classical era of Buddhist sculpture
(500s to 700s), sculptures of the Buddha and
other gods were often made of gilt (gold-covered)
bronze because of its value and awe-inspiring
appearance. One of the most impressive gilt
bronze statues from this period is a 52-foot (16-
meter) seated Buddha in the Todaiji, a temple in
the city of Nara.
The Great Buddha
in the Todaiji Temple
JOCHO
In the 800s, most statues were carved of
wood. The sculptor Jocho perfected the
technique of joining small pieces of wood
togetherlike a jigsaw puzzle then covering
it with thin layers of lacquer, gold leaf and
paint. His masterpiece is a graceful figure
of the Buddha Amida. It is the main object
of worship in the Bhodoin, a temple near
Kyoto.
HANDSCROLLS
Popular paintings with nonreligious
themes in the 900s. These were long
narrative scrolls that contained both text
and paintings. Sections of text, written in
calligraphy (beautiful writing), were
alternated with pictures illustrating the
story. They were about 12 inches high and
up to 50 feet long. They were held
horizontally in the hands and unrolledto
reveal the story little by little.
The Illustrated of Past and Present Karma
(Kako genzaiinga kyo emaki)
courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
SCREEN PAINTING
Painted screens were a feature of Japanese
residential architecture as earlyas the 700s.
Traditional Japanesehouses do not have fixed
walls. Instead they have sliding doors that may
be opened or closed depending on whether a
large or small space is needed. Folding
screens, made up of several panels each,
serve as additional portable room dividers.
Both sliding doors and folding screens are
used as painting surfaces.
 Cranes
by Maruyama Okyo (ca. 1770-1772)
WOODBLOCK PRINT
Hokusai and Hiroshige: The greatest masters
of the landscape woodblock print.
It was first used in Japan to reproduce
religious texts and images.
Later, it was used to print inexpensive pictures
and illustrated books, famous actors in their
favorite roles, beautiful women dressed in
luxurious kimonos, and views of scenic
national landmarks such as Mount Fuji.
WOODBLOCK PRINT
TEA CEREMONY
-tea-drinking ritual which led to the growth of ceramic production during the
1500s.
UKIYO-E
-genre of Japanese art most frequently associated with color woodblock prints
-. “Uki” for sadness and “yo” for life – originally the word reflected the Buddhist
concept of life as a transitory illusion, involving a cycle of birth, suffering, death,
and rebirth.
- during the early Edo period, another ideograph which meant “to float,” similarly
pronounced
as “uki,” came into usage, and the term became associated with wafting on
life’s worldly
pleasures.
UKIYO-E QUARTET
-team involved in the production of ukiyo-e. It is composed of the publisher
(who usually had
overall controlof the process), the designer, the block cutter and the printer.
The Great Wave OffKanagawa
by Katsushika Hokusia
The
JAPANESE CERAMICS PRODUCTION
EARTHENWARE
A reddish, non-waterproof ware that is
fired at low temperatures.
Earthenware vesselscalled Jomon or
“cord-marked” are believed to have been
made as early as 10,000 B.C.
Jomon Bowl
photo by James Blake Wiener
STONEWARE
A harder ware that is fired at a high
temperature and often glazed (given a
glossy finish for beauty and resistance
to water).
 In traditional Japanese art, there is a
unique and fascinating concept called

FUN FACT!
"wabi-sabi." This aesthetic principle
embraces the beauty of imperfection,
transience, and simplicity. Wabi-sabi
celebrates the natural cycle of growth
and decay, valuing objects that show
signs of age and wear.
QuizGALORE
Get ready, grab your thinking caps, and let's see how well you

remember the incredible journey we've just taken together.

 QUESTION #1
This is known as the oldest cave painting
RED HAND STENCIL
Found in Maltravieso cave, Caceres,
Spain and was made by a Neanderthal.
 QUESTION #2
The oldest of the Ancient Seven Wonders of
the World
GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA
Located in El Giza, Egypt
 QUESTION #3
Pediment is a ______ space into which
sculptors squeeze elaborate scenes.
TRIANGULAR
A space found on top of Greek
monuments
 QUESTION #4
Who is the Athenian General that uses the
public money to consolidate his power?
PERICLES
 QUESTION #5
What is the name of the sculptures found in
the tomb of the first emperor of China?
TERRACOTTA
WARRIORS
 QUESTION #6
What period the tools for creating exquisite
designs and patterns in jade were made?
EASTERN ZHOU
PERIOD
 QUESTION #7
A Japanese ware that is fired at high
temperature and often glazed
STONEWARE
 QUESTION #8
The sculptures made before mid 1800s are
usually used for what purpose?
OBJECTS OF
WORSHIP
 TheREFERENCES
This presentation was made using the same references used in the
GEC 6: Art Appreciation Module
Thank
you