Solution

HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Class 12 - Biology

1. (a) Testes → Vasa efferentia → Kidney → Bidder's canal → Urinogenital duct → Cloaca
Explanation: Testes → Vasa efferentia → Kidney → Bidder's canal → Urinogenital duct → Cloaca
2.
(c) Formation of spermatids from primary spermatocytes through meiosis.
Explanation: Formation of spermatids from primary spermatocytes through meiosis.
3.
(b) Sertoli cells
Explanation: Sertoli cells
4.
(d) FSH and LH from anterior pituitary
Explanation: FSH and LH from anterior pituitary
5.
(d) Androgens
Explanation: Androgens
6.
(b) Anal gland
Explanation: Anal gland
7. (a) i, ii and iv
Explanation: The male accessory glands include paired seminal vesicles, prostate, and paired bulbourethral glands. Secretions
of these glands constitute the seminal plasma which is rich in fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes. The secretions of
bulbourethral glands also help in the lubrication of the penis.
8. (a) 100
Explanation: 100
9.
(c) secretes oxytocin during parturition.
Explanation: secretes oxytocin during parturition.
10. (a) Homologous to penis of male
Explanation: Homologous to penis of male
11.
(d) Melatonin
Explanation: Melatonin
12. (a) Sperm is viable for only 24 hours.
Explanation: Sperm is viable for only 24 hours.
13. (a) Fertilization of ovum
Explanation: Menstrual cycles get stopped during pregnancy. Sometimes it becomes irregular due to stress and other hormonal
activities of the body.
14.
(c) Female reproductive tract
Explanation: Female reproductive tract
15.
(b) Endocrine Gland - Leydig cells, Hormone - Androgen, Function - Initiates the production of sperms
Explanation: Endocrine Gland - Leydig cells, Hormone - Androgen, Function - Initiates the production of sperms
16.
(d) In germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules

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 Explanation: In germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules
17.
(c) FSH and LH levels in the blood decrease
Explanation: Gonadotropin secretion increases dramatically after menopause. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are
higher than luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and both rise to even higher values than those seen in the surge during the
menstrual cycle. The FSH rise precedes the LH rise.
18.
(c) Until after the ovum has been penetrated by a sperm
Explanation: Until after the ovum has been penetrated by a sperm
19. (a) 1 and 3 are correct
Explanation: 1 and 3 are correct
20. (a) 9 million
Explanation: Half the number of sperms have Y chromosomes and half have an X chromosome.
Total number of sperms = 18 million
18
So numbers of sperm having You chromosome = 2
= 9 million
21. (a) In spermiogenesis spermatozoa are formed, while in spermiation spermatozoa are released from sertoli cells into cavity of
seminiferous tubules.
Explanation: In spermiogenesis spermatozoa are formed, while in spermiation spermatozoa are released from sertoli cells into
cavity of seminiferous tubules.
22.
(b) High level of circulating hCG to stimulate estrogen and progesterone synthesis.
Explanation: High level of circulating hCG to stimulate estrogen and progesterone synthesis.
23.
(b) Fructose, calcium and certain enzymes
Explanation: Fructose, calcium and certain enzymes
24.
(d) Corona radiata, zona pellucida & vitelline membrane
Explanation: Corona radiata, zona pellucida & vitelline membrane
25.
(d) Maintaining scrotal temperature lower than the internal body temperature.
Explanation: Maintaining scrotal temperature lower than the internal body temperature.
26. (a) In second cleavage division, one of the two blastomeres usually divides a little sooner than the second.
Explanation: In second cleavage division, one of the two blastomeres usually divides a little sooner than the second.
27.
(c) Fertilization
Explanation: Fertilization
28.
(d) Blastula
Explanation: A zygote is the product of the fusion of male and female gametes. A large number of cells are formed by the
mitotic division that arranges into the layer. The single-layered hollow spherical structure is called a blastula.
29.
(b) At the middle of the cycle
Explanation: At the middle of the cycle
30.
(d) Its contact with zona pellucida of the ova
Explanation: During fertilization, a sperm comes in contact with the zona pellucida layer of the ovum and induces changes in
the membrane that block the entry of additional sperms. Thus, it ensures that only one sperm can fertilize an ovum. The
secretions of the acrosome help the sperm enter into the cytoplasm of the ovum through the zona pellucida and the plasma
membrane.

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31.
(c) Spermiogenesis
Explanation: Spermiogenesis
32. (a) Help in collection of ovum after ovulation.
Explanation: Help in collection of ovum after ovulation.
33.
(d) Release of prolactin
Explanation: Release of prolactin
34.
(c) The first cleavage of the zygote is followed by separation into two
Explanation: Monozygotic twins are produced when the first cleavage of the zygote is followed by separation into two parts
that develop independently into two babies.
35.
(b) 11-17 day of menstrual cycle
Explanation: The mature Graafian follicle is present in the ovary around 11-17 days of the menstrual cycle and on rupture of
which, the ovum is released (because of LH surge, 1-2 days before ovulation).
36.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
37. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The inner cell mass gets differentiated into an outer layer called ectoderm and an inner layer called endoderm. A
mesoderm soon appears between the ectoderm and the endoderm. These three layers give rise to all tissues (organs) in adults. It
needs to be mentioned here that the inner cell mass contains certain cells called stem cells which have the potency to give rise
to all the tissues and organs.
38.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: During pregnancy, the levels of other hormones like estrogens, progestogens, cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine, etc.,
are increased several folds in the maternal blood. Increased production of these hormones is essential for supporting fetal
growth, metabolic changes in the mother, and maintenance of pregnancy.
39. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
40.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: At puberty, only 60,000-80,000 primary follicles are left in each ovary because no more oogonia are formed and
added after birth.
41.
(c) Spermatogonia → spermatocyte → spermatid → sperms
Explanation: Spermatogonia → spermatocyte → spermatid → sperms
42. (a) Statement a is wrong
Explanation: Statement a is wrong
43.
(c) Progesterone level is high during the post ovulatory phase of menstrual cycle.
Explanation: The ovulation (ovulatory phase) is followed by the luteal phase (post-ovulatory phase) during which the
remaining parts of the Graafian follicle transform as the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of
progesterone which is essential for the maintenance of the endometrium.
44. (a) Trophoblast
Explanation: Merula divides mitotically and transforms into blastocyct. The blastomeres in the blastocyst are arranged into an
outer layer called trophoblast.
45.
(c) Isthmus

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Explanation: Isthmus is the part of the fallopian tube (female reproductive system) while vasa efferentia, epididymis, and
rete testis are the accessory ducts of the male reproductive system.

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