ch-4 Checm Class 10
ch-4 Checm Class 10
Question 1
(a) Analysis
(c) Reagent
(d) Precipitation
Answer
(a) Analysis — Determination of the chemical components in a given sample is called Analysis.
(b) Qualitative analysis — Identification of the unknown substances in a given sample is called Qualitative
analysis.
(d) Precipitation — The process of formation of an insoluble solid when solutions are mixed is called
Precipitation. The solid thus formed is called Precipitate.
Question 2
Answer
Question 3
Answer
(a) Pb2+
(b) Cu2+
Question 4
(a) Insoluble
(b) Soluble
in
Answer
Question 5
What do you observe when ammonium salt is heated with caustic soda solution? Write the word equation:
Answer
When ammonium salt is heated with caustic soda solution, ammonia gas is evolved.
Question 6
Answer
CuSO4 forms a pale blue precipitate which is insoluble in excess of sodium hydroxide and with
ammonium hydroxide it forms a pale blue precipitate which dissolves in excess of ammonium hydroxide
and forms a deep/inky blue solution.
Question 7
Answer
If an alkali is added too quickly, then it is easy to miss a precipitate that redissolves in excess alkali.
Question 8
(a) Reaction of sodium hydroxide solution with Iron (III) chloride solution
Answer
(a) When sodium hydroxide solution is added to FeCl3 dropwise, a reddish brown ppt is obtained, which is
insoluble in excess of NaOH:
Question 1
1. Green
2. Brown
3. Blue
4. Yellow
Answer
Blue
Question 2
The colour of the precipitate formed on adding NaOH solution to iron (II) sulphate solution is:
1. White
2. Brown
3. Green
4. Pale blue
Answer
Green
Question 3
A metal which produces hydrogen on reacting with alkali as well as with acid:
1. Iron
2. Magnesium
3. Zinc
4. Copper
Answer
Zinc
Reason — Reactions of Zinc with alkali and acid are shown below:
Zn + 2NaOH ⟶ Na2(ZnO)2 + H2↑
Zn + HCl ⟶ ZnCl2 + H2↑
Question 4
The salt solution which does not react with ammonium hydroxide is:
1. Calcium nitrate
2. Zinc nitrate
3. Lead nitrate
4. Copper nitrate
Answer
Calcium Nitrate
Reason — No ppt. occurs even with addition of excess of ammonium hydroxide as the concentration of
OH- ions from the ionization of of NH4OH is so low that it cannot precipitate the hydroxide of calcium.
Name:
(g) a metal that evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound when boiled with alkali solutions.
(h) two bases which are not alkalis but dissolve in strong alkalis.
(i) a coloured metallic oxide which dissolves in alkalis to yield colourless solutions.
(k) a yellow monoxide that dissolves in hot and concentrated caustic alkali.
(l) a white, insoluble oxide that dissolves when fused with caustic soda or caustic potash.
Answer
Question 2
Write the probable colour of the following salts?
Answer
Question 1
Name the chloride of a metal which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide. Write equation for the
same.
Answer
When ammonia solution is added dropwise to zinc chloride solution, a white gelatinous ppt of zinc
hydroxide is obtained.
On adding excess of ammonia solution, the ppt dissolves and a colourless solution is obtained.
Question 2
What happens when ammonia solution is added first dropwise and then in excess to the following solutions:
(i) CuSO4
(ii) ZnSO4
(iii) FeCl3
Write balanced equations for these reactions.
Answer
(i) When ammonia solution is added dropwise to cupper sulphate, a pale blue ppt of copper hydroxide is
obtained.
Question 3
What do you observe when caustic soda solution is added to the following solution, first a little and then in
excess :
(a) FeCl3
(b) ZnSO4
(c) Pb(NO3)2
(d) CuSO4
Answer
(a) When caustic soda solution is added to FeCl3 dropwise, a reddish brown ppt is obtained, which is
insoluble in excess of NaOH:
FeCl3yellow+3NaOHcolourless⟶Fe(OH)3↓reddish brown ppt+3NaClcolourlessyellowFe
Cl3+colourless3NaOH⟶reddish brown pptFe(OH)3↓+colourless3NaCl
(b) When caustic soda solution is added to Zinc sulphate dropwise, a white gelatinous ppt is obtained, which
dissolves in excess of NaOH:
Question 4
What do you observe when freshly precipitated aluminum hydroxide reacts with caustic soda solution? Give
balanced equation.
Answer
When freshly precipitated aluminum hydroxide reacts with caustic soda solution, a white soluble salt of
sodium meta aluminate is obtained.
Question 5
(a) Zinc
(b) Aluminium?
Answer
(a) When hot concentrated caustic soda solution is added to zinc, soluble salt of sodium zincate [Na2ZnO2] is
formed and hydrogen gas is liberated.
The balanced equation is:
Question 6
Answer
(a) Ammonium hydroxide on reaction with lead salt solution gives chalky white precipitate of Pb(OH)2. No
precipitation occurs on adding Ammonium hydroxide to Calcium salt solution even when it is added in
excess.
Pb(NO3)2colourless+2NH4OH⟶Pb(OH)2white ppt↓+2NH4NO3colourlessPb(NO3)2
+2NH4OH⟶white pptPb(OH)2↓+2NH4NO3
(b) When ammonium hydroxide solution is added to each of the compounds, lead nitrate forms a chalky
white precipitate of lead hydroxide [Pb(OH)2] which is insoluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.
Pb(NO3)2colourless+2NH4OH⟶Pb(OH)2white ppt↓+2NH4NO3colourlessPb(NO3)2
+2NH4OH⟶white pptPb(OH)2↓+2NH4NO3
Whereas a gelatinous white precipitate of zinc hydroxide [Zn(OH)2] is formed in case of zinc nitrate, which
is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.
(c) On adding Sodium hydroxide to Copper salt pale blue coloured precipitate is obtained which is insoluble
in excess of Sodium hydroxide. Ferrous salt solution gives a dirty green coloured precipitate with Sodium
hydroxide which is insoluble in excess of NaOH.
Fe(II) salt:
Pb(NO3)2colourless+2NH4OH⟶Pb(OH)2↓white ppt+2NH4NO3colourlessPb(NO3)2
+2NH4OH⟶white pptPb(OH)2↓+2NH4NO3
Fe(NO3)2colourless+2NH4OH⟶Fe(OH)2↓dirty green ppt+2NH4NO3 colourlesscolourless
Fe(NO3)2+2NH4OH⟶dirty green pptFe(OH)2↓+ colourless2NH4NO3
Question 7
How will you distinguish calcium nitrate and zinc nitrate solution?
Answer
When ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is added to zinc nitrate solution [Zn(NO3)2], a gelatinous white ppt of
zinc hydroxide [Zn(OH)2] is obtained which is soluble in excess of NH4OH.
Question 1
You are provided with two reagent bottles marked A and B. One contains NH4OH solution and the other
contains NaOH solution. How will you identify them by a chemical test?
Answer
Reagent bottles A and B can identified by using Ca(NO3)2.
When NH4OH solution is added to Ca(NO3)2 a white ppt is obtained.
Question 2
(a) Zn(SO)4→AZn(OH)2→BNa2ZnO2Zn(SO)4AZn(OH)2BNa2ZnO2
(b) Cu(SO)4→ACu(OH)2→B[Cu(NH3)4]SO4Cu(SO)4ACu(OH)2B[Cu(NH3)4]SO4
Answer
(a) When sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise to zinc sulphate, a white gelatinous ppt of zinc
hydroxide is obtained.
Zn(OH)2+2NaOHexcess⟶Na2ZnO2sodium zincatecolourless+2H2OZn(OH)2
+excess2NaOH⟶colourlesssodium zincateNa2ZnO2+2H2O
(b) When ammonia solution is added dropwise to copper sulphate, a pale blue ppt of copper hydroxide is
obtained.
Question 3
(b) Give the balanced equations for the reaction with two different amphoteric oxides with a caustic alkali.
Answer
(a) Amphoteric oxides and hydroxides are those compounds which react with both acids and alkalis to form
salt and water.
(b) Balanced equations for the reaction of Zinc Oxide and Lead Oxide with Caustic Soda are given below:
ZnO + 2NaOH ⟶ Na2ZnO2 + H2O
(c) Sodium zincate [Na2ZnO2] and sodium plumbite [Na2PbO2] are the products formed.
Question 4
On adding dilute ammonia solution to a colourless solution of a salt, a white gelatinous precipitate appears.
This precipitate however dissolves on addition of excess of ammonia solution. Identify (choose from Na, Al,
Zn, Pb, Fe)
(a) From the following list, identify which metal salt solution was used above?
a, Al, Zn, Pb, Fe
Answer
(b) Zn(OH)2
(c) When ammonia solution is added dropwise to zinc sulphate, a white gelatinous ppt of zinc hydroxide is
obtained.