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Phonological Processes List

The document discusses different types of phonological processes that can occur in child speech development, including structural simplification, assimilation, and segmental/substitution processes. Structural simplification involves processes like weak syllable deletion, reduplication, final consonant deletion, and cluster reduction. Assimilation includes assimilation of place, manner, and voicing. Segmental processes include gliding, fronting, stopping, context sensitive voicing, prevocalic voicing, postvocalic devoicing, fricative simplification, affrication, deaffrication, vocalization, denasalization, glottal replacement, and cluster simplification.

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40 views

Phonological Processes List

The document discusses different types of phonological processes that can occur in child speech development, including structural simplification, assimilation, and segmental/substitution processes. Structural simplification involves processes like weak syllable deletion, reduplication, final consonant deletion, and cluster reduction. Assimilation includes assimilation of place, manner, and voicing. Segmental processes include gliding, fronting, stopping, context sensitive voicing, prevocalic voicing, postvocalic devoicing, fricative simplification, affrication, deaffrication, vocalization, denasalization, glottal replacement, and cluster simplification.

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kontonsi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Phonological Processes

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Structural Simplification Assimilation (consonant harmony) Segmental/substitution Processes
- the shape of the word - swapping sounds for similar or identical ones - the sounds within the word

Structural Simplification

Weak Syllable Deletion (WSD)


- Pre-tonic - most common
- wSw – Sw
- potato -> tato
- Post-Tonic - after the primary stress
- Sws – Ss
- telephone – tephone
Reduplication
- Partial - water -> wawer
- Complete - water -> wawa
- dog – dodo
Final Consonant Deletion (FCD)
- must be all final elements, including
clusters
- Nasals - /ban/ -> /ba/
- Plosives - /kat/ -> /ka/
- Fricatives - /kiz/ -> /ki/
- Affricates - ‘march’ -> /ma/
- Clusters - /ant/ -> /an/ -> /a/
Cluster Reduction (CR)
- Just say cluster reduction unless they - Initial: stop -> top, frog -> fog
only do it in one place - Final: hand -> han
- CC -> C - /ant/ -> /an/ is cluster reduction, but
- CCC -> CC or C /ant/ -> /a/ is FCD
Coalescence
- Combining the features or manner of - spoon -> foon
clusters to make a new phoneme - combines voiceless, manner
(fricative /s/), and place (labial /p/) to
get /f/
Epenthesis
- schwa inserted between consonant - blue -> belue
cluster elements
Metathesis
- transposing/reversing/swapping two - elephant -> ephelant
segments/syllables in word
- usually to change stress pattern or
sonority
Initial Consonant Deletion (ICD)
- rare - fan -> an
- common in children with issue in nasal - unlikely due to normal development
airflow from babbling to words
Backing
- rare - Opposite of fronting
- Common in children with cleft palate
Phonological Processes

Assimilation

One sound has a place, manner, or voicing that influences other sounds in a word or across words
in an utterance
Assimilation of place
- Labial Assimilation - pit -> pip (complete, progressive)
- feet -> feep (partial, progressive)
- Velar Assimilation - shark -> kark (complete, regressive)
- cuddle -> cuggle (partial, progressive)
- Alveolar Assimilation - moon -> noon (complete, regressive)
Assimilation of manner -
- Nasal Assimilation - mat -> man (partial, progressive)
- Liquid Assimilation - yellow -> lellow (complete, regressive)
- Fricative Assimilation - Schleswig -> Schleshwig (complete,
partial)
Progressive - An earlier sound changes a later sound
Regressive - A later sound changes an earlier sound
Complete - Direct substitution for the same sound
Partial - Changes in place, manner, or voice

Segmental Processes

Gliding -
- Liquids (l, r) become glides (w, j) - red -> wed
- look -> wook
- kangaroo -> kangawoo
Fronting -
- only use place if relevant - Velar: key -> tea
- Palato-Alveolar: shoe -> sue
Stopping -
- of fricatives or affricates - sue -> two, shoe -> two
- zoo -> doo, chew -> two
Context Sensitive Voicing
- Voice a consonant before a vowel - pear -> bear
- Devoice a consonant after a vowel (becomes voiced before vowel)
- Really common in children with - pad -> pat
phonological disorders (becomes devoiced after vowel)
Prevocalic Voicing
- pear -> bear - random voicing or devoicing is common
Postvocalic Devoicing in children with apraxia
- pat -> pat
Fricative Simplification
- Normal in some dialects of AusEng - thing -> fing
Affrication
- Turning a fricative into an affricate - shoe -> chew
Deaffrication
- turning an affricate into a fricative - chew -> shoe
Vocalisation
- liquids or nasals replaced by vowels - apple -> appu
- normal in some dialects of AusEng
Denasalisation
Phonological Processes

- Like when you have a cold - knee -> dee


Glottal Replacement - butter -> bu?er
Cluster Simplification -
- Still has 2 consonants but replaces on - tree -> twee
with another
- Usually looks like gliding
- Only use if gliding and assimilation not
present
Idiosyncratic Substitutions
- Child will replace sounds for reasons - teeth -> teethes
that may not be phonological regularization of the plural
- Possibly just developmental errors (morphological error)

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