i

FACTORS AFFECTING WORK PERFORMANCE OF CRIMINOLOGY

INTERNS IN BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY

A Research
Presented To
The Faculty of the College of Criminal Justice Education
Baguio Central University
Baguio City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

PATRICIA A. BAYAWET
CHESTER LOYD B. GANYALIB
TONI MEANA O. MACAYAN
MARICEL S. MARNAG
REX L. PASINO

November 2023
APPROVAL SHEET
 ii

This research proposal entitled, “FACTORS AFFECTING WORK

PERFORMANCE OF BS CRIMINOLOGY INTERNS IN BAGUIO CENTRAL
UNIVERSITY” prepared and submitted by PATRICIA A. BAYAWET,
CHESTER LOYD B. GANYALIB, MARICEL S. MARNAG, TONI O.
MACAYAN, REX L. PASINO, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree, BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINILOGY, (BSCRIM), has
been recommended for acceptance and approval for oral defense.

BECA MAY PIDLAO PALITAYAN, RCrim

Adviser

Accepted and approved by the RESEARCH PROPOSAL COMMITTEE

for research undertaking.

ERNESTO B. BUCALAN, Jr. RCrim, Lib

Chairman

PRINCES JOY B. MOYAEN RCrim RAMON I. KINDIPAN, Jr. RCrim

Member Member

Noted;
RAMON L. KINDIPAN., PhD
Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
Date: ____________

ABSTRACT
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Name of Institution: Baguio Central University

Address : 18 Bonifacio Street, Baguio City

Title : “FACTORS AFFECTING WORK

PERFORMANCE OF CRMINOLOGY INTERNS

IN BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY”

Researcher : PATRICIA A. BAYAWET

CHESTER LOYD B. GANYALIB

TONI O. MACAYAN

MARICEL S. MARNAG

REX L. PASINO

Adviser : BECA MAY P. PALITAYAN

This study aimed to determine factors affecting the work

performance of criminology interns in Baguio Central University. The

researchers employed the descriptive type of research with the use of

questionnaires as tools in gathering data from the respondents.

Keywords: Internship, Criminology intern, job performance, On-the-Job

Training

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
 iv

The researcher would like to express her sincerest gratitude to the

Almighty God for bestowing her with wisdom and strength in finishing this

course endeavor.

Madam Margarita Cecilda B. Rillera, MBA President of the Baguio

Central University for her compassion in keeping the University a great

avenue for continuous professional development.

Ramon L. Kindipan Sr. PhD., Dean of the College of Criminal Justice

Education for his commitment in leading the CCJE department.

Research adviser, Beca May Pidlao Palitayan whose great wisdom

and expertise helped in the finalization of this proposal.

To the member of the penal committee, Ramon Kindipan Jr.,

Ernesto Bucalan, and Princess Joy B. Moyaen, for their professionalism

and constructive inputs for the refinement of the research manual script

To Everyone who have extended support in the completion of this

study.

Thank you very much.

P.A.B

C.L.B.G

T.O.M

M.S.M

R.L.P

DEDICATION

First of all, this study is wholeheartedly dedicated

 v

to my family for being the source of inspiration

in finishing this course endeavor.

This work is likewise dedicated to parents,

classmates, adviser who shared

their words of advice and encouragement

to finish this study.

Patricia
Chester Loyd
Toni
Maricel
Rex

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

TITLE PAGE i
 vi

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ABSTRACT iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv

DEDICATION v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES viii

FIGURE USED Ix

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study 1

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 6

Significance of the study 10

Paradigm of the study 11

Statement of the Problem 13

2 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Research Design 14

Locale and Population of the Study 15

Data Gathering Instrument 15

Data Gathering Procedure 16

Ethical Considerations 18

References 19

Appendices

A letter to request from the registrar 22

 vii

B Letter Request from the Dean, College of 23

Criminal Justice Education

C Letter to the Respondents 24

D Questionnaire 25

Curriculum Vitae 29

LIST OF TABLES

No. Pages

1 The level of performance of Criminology Interns on 17

their On-The-Job Training

2 The contributing factors affecting the performance 17

of criminology interns
 viii

FIGURE USED

No. Pages

1 Paradigm of the Study 11

 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

Student Internships (or cooperative education) originated in the U.S

in the early 1900s (Driscoll, 2006). The history of Internships is intimately

intertwined with that of experiential learning and experiential education,

school-to-work program and initiatives, career academies and career

academies and career-exploration programs and service-learning

programs (Michigan Center for Career and technical education, 1992).

The development of internships can be traced to the Middle Ages

when the teaching skills and competencies for most professions and trades

were accomplished by young people serving an apprenticeship with a

skilled mentor. The first professional field to adopt this model was in

medical science, future doctors and nurses learned their skills under

senior instructors. This concept continues today diverse academic areas

such as law, journalism, social services, public administration and

education. Some states require field training before the student may be

granted a license or certificate to practice in certain professions (McBride,

2021).

According to Beck and Halim (2008), internships are considered as

a valuable learning experience for students, academics and prospective

employers. Students can gain experience in a real working environment

and apply what they have learned in the classroom. Mos previous
 2

research concentrated on perception of students towards

internships programmed.

Taylor (1988) defined internships as “Structured and career relevant

work experience obtained by students prior to graduation from an

academic program”. The internships experience and learning gained

throughout internship period before graduation can also be critical o=in

the eyes of employers. Internships program can prepare the students to be

more marketable after graduation by helping them develop soft skills such

as communication skills and critical thinking skills that many employers

seek for employment.

National Association of Collages and Employers (2010) stated that

internship is a form of experiential learning that integrates knowledge and

theory learned in the classroom with practical application and skills

development in a professional setting. Internship gives students the

opportunity to gain valuable applied experience and make connections in

professional fields they are considering for career paths; and give

employers opportunity to guide and evaluate talent.

According to 0’ Connor and Bodicoat (2017), the history of internships

dates to the late 1970s when internships began to blossom and university

faculty heard about their benefits from colleagues in other colleges (Hora

et al., 2020). Higher education institutions have been proactive in

providing effective services internships (Lei& Yin, 2019). Starks and Bower

(2021) argue that internships can give students an “advantage” over other

students who have graduated are not involved in experiential education or

 3

the community. Service-learning activities. However, most university

students said they appreciate being able to support their degree with work

experience that matches them with future job skills (Nogueira et al.,2021).

An internship is a formal course undertaken in an academic program

whereby the student observes and participates in various organizational

activities. Operations under the guidance of a field supervisor and a faculty

supervisor. During this time, the student completes academic and intern

site assignments that introduce the workplace’s operation and show the

integration of theory, concepts, and practice. At the same time, an

internship should assist the student in making feature career choices

complementary to his or her abilities (McBride, 2021)

An internship is the first orientation of the student into the

marketplace where they engage themselves in job relevant activities. It

plays a vital role to get employment opportunity in any organization. It also

provides opportunities related to job skills and knowledge, such as

interpersonal skills, communication skills and team working skills, etc.

(Washor, 2015). Some people consider university degrees to sell big

dreams, in which means role is that of a customer (Raza et al. 2021).

Students join universities for several reasons, for instance to get a degree

in professional training with a focus on experiential learning. Therefore,

most researchers agree that experiential education (Bunce & Bennett,

2021). An internship provides the first orientation for students to apply

academic knowledge to real-life tasks, such as collaboration, effective

learning (Bae et al., 2022).

 4

The value of internship has been highlighted by previous studies

conducted elsewhere, underscoring the value-addition that internship

brings aside from the employment ability skills. It enables the students to

observe professional techniques and problems that are not taught in the

classroom, giving them a better understanding of the business world

(Anjum, 2020). Studies have also shown that the experience (Jung, 2017;

Yaakob et al., 2018). However, several research studies reported that most

of the students agreed that experiential education is the foundation of a

solid career opportunity (Jackson, 2018).

Furthermore, Zehrand and Korte (2020). Suggested that the

university students who are involved in cooperative learning and work-

related education programs would obtain skills that are essential to an

employer. An internship provides internees with a glimpse of the criteria

of the workplace as to where they are in the position. When internees

experience the criteria of an organization, they obtain the professional

training associated with that career.

The internship is the culminating academic exercise for human

service students, as well as students from a variety of disciplines in two

and four-year academic programs. An internship combines the theory that

students learned in school with practical work experience and lasts for

about three months to a year (Ebreo et al, 2014). Allowing the graduating

students to apply what they have learned from books in a work

environment through On-the-Job training would develop their work values

and attitude necessary to achieve the goal of producing efficient and

 5

affective leaders and professionals in cross-cultural and multidisciplinary

undertakings (Laguador, 2013).

Internship has substantial educational and practical implications

for public administration. Another benefits of quality students

participating in internship is that they may otherwise not consider

pursuing a public sector career due to insufficient knowledge about the

way that the government works. Internship programs can be even more

useful for countries that adopt civil service exams as primary recruitment

instruments (Ko and Sidhu, 2012).

A negative internship experience can have an even more negative

impact then no internship at all. This suggests that the government should

pay more attention to the needs of interns and institutionalize a procedure

to evaluate student’s’ satisfaction with internship programs (Ko &

Sidhu,2012)

In the Philippines, the Bachelor of Science in Criminology program

is designed to provide students with knowledge and skills in the study of

historical and contemporary patterns of crime, responses to crime of the

society, the causes of criminality in the society and study of delinquency.

It focuses on the processes involved and the functions of the criminal

justice in the country. Regardless of the sophistication of and predictive

validity of selection program, it is almost always necessary to expose newly

hired employees to some kind of training before they can be maximally

effective on a new job, even if the employees are already experienced with

the machinery or equipment they will be operating. The purpose of which

 6

is to increase the employee's productivity effectively and to enhance

organizational goal. Training requirements are made more complicated

when the workers had a little actual job experience or being hired for a

type of work they never performed. The organization’s selection procedures

ideally ensure that new employees have sufficient intelligence, aptitude,

and to learn a job (Anoyo et al., 2015).

The Bachelor of Science in Criminology or Criminal Justice is a four

(4) year undergraduate program for individuals who wish to pursue a

career in the fields of law enforcement, criminal justice administration,

crime detection and investigation, juvenile justice administration,

application of forensic science to law enforcement and correctional

administration. It aims to foster the values of leadership, integrity,

accountability and responsibility while serving fellowmen, community and

country (Pacatang, 2016).

As required by Commission on Higher Education (CMO Series No.

05,2018), a two-semester Practicum or Community Immersion is required

in the BSCRIM program. It will be undertaken by the students in the 1 st

(first) and 2nd (second) Semester of the 4th (fourth) curriculum year level,

and they will be assigned to different areas of the community. This unique

feature of the program is the student’s contribution to police visibility.

Practicum, On-the-Job Training, internship, externship, field

exposure and experiential learning, regardless of haw it is call, the

essential element is that students learn by doing. This educational

program aims to provide students wit hands -on experience in all aspects
 7

of basic job tasks and responsibilities and while doing this; the students

also observe and participate in the essential aspects of the business

(Moreno and Mapa, 2014). Academic internship is defined as an

opportunity to integrate work-related experiences into graduate education

by participating in scheduled and supervised work (Gault et al., 2010).

Real-world experience appears to be an integral component of an academic

program and provide students with the opportunity to develop not only

work skills but also an understanding of the workplace. The term

internship refers solely to academic internship for undergraduate (Gerken

et al., 2012)

On-the-Job Training requires the students to demonstrate specific

skills related to their respective field of specialization that would be

essential application to their future work environment. It also provides

ideas and a real picture of the corporate world including the atmosphere

of the workplace, attitude of the work force and the organizational culture

that the new employees might m=need to adapt and live in. Higher

Education Institutions strengthen their industry partnership and

collaboration through sending students for internships. These industries

become the training ground of the students to develop and enhance more

their communication skills and confidence to face the big challenges and

requirements of their respective fields (Bernardo et al, 2014)

On-the-Job Training is one of the mechanics of Higher Education

industries in developing the needed competencies of its graduates. Its

goals and objectives served aa a guide in developing the needed

 8

competencies for a particular job, and translating the training into a

gainful working experience (Ylagan,2013)

Taking On-the-Job training is difficult to handle. The students must

do their respective tasks which were asked by their supervisor. Different

units were assigned to the trainees for them to enhance their skills in

performing the job. Superior-student communication is one of the basic

requirements to improve and develop the productivity of every student.

The superior must demonstrate and instruct the specific skills or tasks.

They are also the people in the organization that teaches the knowledge

and key skill that the students need to learn. Problems between the

students and superiors must be avoided for them to have a good

relationship and to complete all the necessary assignments to be

performed. The intern should be always active in learning new skills

whenever the superior is teaching them to realize the importance of the

job when they are employed (Anoyo et al., 2015).

On-the-Job training is one of the best training methods because it

is planned, organized and conducted at the employees’ work site. It is

generally the primary method used for broadening skills. It is particularly

appropriate for developing proficiency skills unique to an employee’s job,

especially jobs that are relatively easy to learn require locally owned

equipment and facilities. It is sometimes called “direct instruction”. It is a

one-on-one training located at the job site, where someone who knows how

to do a task shows another how to perform it. This on-the-job training is

the kind of work that people did was mainly unskilled or semi-skilled work
 9

that did not require specialized knowledge. In fact, it is probably the most

popular method of training because it requires only a person who knows

how to do the task, and the tools which the person uses to do the task. It

includes verbal and written instruction, demonstration and observation,

hand-on-hand practice and imitation (Anoyo et al., 2015).

Anoyo et al (2015), stated that there are some advantages of using

on-the-job training. Training can be delivered at the optimum time, the

trainee will have immediate feedback, and lastly, training is delivered by

colleagues and can go some way to integrating the trainee into them. If

there are advantages are also disadvantages. There is a tendency to fit on

the job training when it is convenient for office routine rather than at the

optimum time for learning, too much training can be delivered in one

session leading to trainee fatigue, the trainer may not have sufficient

knowledge of the process or expertise in instructional techniques.

Students who receive internships training are very lucky because

they are ones who follow up on a regular basis and take pride in learning

new skills. They gained to improve their future employment value and for

them to have new capability in their future career, in addition, by making

learning possible, they earn their respect and build enduring relationship

between students and superiors (Anoyo et al., 2015).

This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the work

performance of Criminology interns in Baguio Central University. More

specifically, the study aimed to determine the performance of Criminology

interns on their on-the-job training; to identify the contributing factors

 10

that affecting the performance efficiency of Interns; to determine the

significant relationship between the performance and the factors that

affect the respondent’s internship and to propose an action plan that

addresses the results of the study.

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study was supported by the following theories that will be

helpful for the researchers in the analysis of the knowledge, attitude and

practices of BSCRIM interns in Baguio Central University in basic training

and discipline and knowledge skills.

Experiential Learning Theory. This theory emphasizes the

importance of learning from direct experience. Internships are seen as

opportunities for experiential learning, where individuals engage in

concrete experiences, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization,

and apply what they have learned to future situations (Kolb,1984).

This theory plays a significant role in enhancing the work

performance of BS Crim interns. By engaging in skill development where

allows Crim interns to develop essential skills that are directly applicable

to their future careers, increased motivation and engagement of interns

who actively participate in their learning through experiential activities

tend to be more motivated and engaged in their work, problem-solving and

critical thinking of interns to think critically and solve real-world

problems, integration of theory and practice whereas Crim interns have

the opportunity to apply the knowledge they have gained in the classroom

to real-world scenarios, and lastly professional networking building where

as internships often involves interactions with experienced professionals

in the field. These connections can lead to mentorship opportunities, job

referrals, and a broader understanding of the criminology profession.

 12

Trait and Factor Theory. This theory is a career development

theory that emphasizes the matching of an individual’s traits, interests,

and values with the requirements of a specific occupation or career path.

When applied to a criminology internship, this theory can provide valuable

insights and guidance for interns in terms of selecting, pursuing, and

benefiting from their internship’s experiences (Parsons 1909; Williamson,

1972).

A useful foundation for comprehending the connection between

interns’ personal characteristics and their productivity in Crim internships

is provided by this theory. Organizations can foster situations where inters

are more likely to succeed and feel satisfied by promoting self-evaluation

and considering how intern attributes, interests, and beliefs connect with

internship requirements. Supervisors are essential in supporting this

alignment by assisting interns in utilizing their special skills and passions

to make valuable contributions to the discipline of criminology. This theory

emphasizes the significance of person-environment fit in Crim internships,

producing favourable results for both interns and the organizations they

serve.

Human Capital Theory. This theory suggests that individuals

invest in education and training to increase their human capital, which in

turn leads to higher earning potential and career advancement. In the

context of internships, this theory emphasizes the skills development and

experiential learning opportunities they offer (Becker, 1962; Rosen, 1967).

 13

This theory offers a valuable framework for understanding the

relationship between investments in education, training, and skill

development and work performance of BS Crim interns. By recognizing the

role of human capital in shaping intern’s productivity and contributions,

organizations can be better appreciating the importance of offering

meaningful internship experiences that promote skill development and

knowledge application. Moreover, supervisors have a significant role in

facilitating the accumulation of human capital among interns, ultimately

contributing to their career success and the advancement of the Crim field.

In summary this theory provides a compelling perspective in the value of

Crim internships as investments in the development of human capital.

Role Theory. This theory examines how individuals’ roles within,

and organizations or groups affect their behavior and attitudes. In the

context of internships, this theory can help explain how interns navigate

their roles, expectations, and interactions within the workplace (Merton,

1957).

This theory provides a valuable insight for understanding how BS

Crim interns perceive and enact their roles and how these perceptions

influence their work performance. By aligning role expectations with

actual responsibilities, minimizing role conflict, and fostering a positive

role identity, organizations can enhance the performance and job

satisfaction of their inters. Role theory offers important insight into the
 14

dynamics of BS Crim internship and can guide organizations in optimizing

the role-related aspects of interns’ performance for mutual benefits.

Social Exchange Theory. This theory explores the relationships

between individuals and organizations emphasizing the exchange of

resources, including skills knowledge, and opportunities. Internships can

be analyzed through the lens of social exchange for learning and

experience (Homans, 1958).

This theory can provide valuable insight for examining the work

performance of BS Crim interns in BCU. Organizations can better assess

and manage interns’ happiness and performance by considering the

intern’s expectations, the fairness of the exchange, and the role of

supervisors. Internships in BS Crim that effectively employ this theory’s

principles, such as building a felling of reciprocity and ensuring the

interns receive meaningful benefits in exchange for their contributions, are

more likely to have motivated and high-performance interns. Lastly,

recognizing and maximizing the social exchange dynamics during BS Crim

internships can result in mutually beneficial partnerships between interns

and their employers.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study is expected to be beneficial to the following:

 15

Educational Institution. This gives some insights to better

understand the needs of BSCRIM interns and to give support to the

students in completing their degree. To implement programs and

curriculum that impact on students at the institution.

Academe The output of this study served as formal initiative for

educational purposes to gain insights for the performance of BSCRIM

interns in their OJT and workplace.

Crim interns. This study will be useful to those crim interns who

are in need of completing their requirements. It also paves the way for

them to develop their morale and productivity, that will greatly help them

to be highly qualified for their employment.

Future researchers. This study can be a reference to those who

plan to make any study related to the work performance of the Crim

Interns.
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Criminology interns of • Employs Action plan

Baguio Central quantitative to enhance
University. research and the work
descriptive performance
1.The Level of
method. of the BS
Performances of
• Distributing of Criminology
Criminology Interns on
questioners and interns of
their On-the-Job
tallying of data Baguio
Training in terms:
gathered Central
• Personal • Interpretation University
Characteristics and data
• Attitude towards analysis
the job • Inferential
• Adherence to analysis
office policies
• Competence

2.The Contributing
Factors Affecting the
Performance of crim
Interns in terms:

• Individual factors
• University
support
• Organizational
environment

3.The relationship
between the
Performances of
Criminology Interns on
their On-the-Job
Training and the
Factors Affecting the
Performance of Crim
Interns
Figure 1
Paradigm of the study
 17

The input frame includes The Performance of Criminology Interns

on their On-the-Job Training. The contributing factors that affect the

performance of interns.

The process frame includes the procedure for how the data will be

gathered, which will be through a descriptive method of research,

analyzing and interpreting the data Lastly, the data gathered though the

aid of questionnaire.

The output frame includes the action plan to enhance the work

performance of the BS Criminology interns of Baguio Central University

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Statement of the Problem

1. What is the level of Performances of Criminology Interns on their On-

the-Job Training in terms:

• Personal Characteristics

• Attitude towards the job

• Adherence to office policies

• Competence

2. What are the contributing factors affecting the performance of crim

Interns in terms:

• Individual factors

• University support

• Organizational environment

3. What is the Relationship between the performances of criminology

Interns on their On-the-Job training and the factors affecting the

performance of crim Interns?

Null hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between the

Performances of Criminology Interns on their On-the-Job Training and

the Factors Affecting the Performance of Interns.

 CHAPTER 2

DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, population and

participants of the study, data gathering tools, data gathering

procedures, treatment of data, and ethical considerations.

Research design

The researcher uses the Quantitative research design to know

which among the factors affects the performance efficiency of BS

Criminology Interns in Baguio Central University.

With this objective in mind, the researchers used the descriptive

method of research that was used in analysing and interpreting the data

gathered though the aid of questionnaire. According to Adanza et al.

(2009), the principal aim in the employment of the descriptive method is

to describe the nature of a situation as it exists at the time of the study

and to explore the cause of phenomena. On the other hand, data will be

described and generated using a quantitative method wherein data will

be analysed through descriptive statistics or inferential statistics. More

so, the data will be presented in the form of numbers.

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Population and locale of the study

The respondents of the research were composed of 58 population

of fourth year BS Criminology interns from Baguio Central University –

Baguio enrolled during their Academic year 2023-2024 who had

undergone their on-the-job training program. The BS Crim interns in

BCU are directly involved in the field of Criminology, which makes them

a relevant group to the study for understanding the factors that influence

the work performance within their internship program.

Data Gathering Tool

The researcher will distribute an questionnaire that will administer

to the target respondent and will be used to gather data on all variables

examined in this researcher. The first part of the questionnaire is

composed of close-ended questions that focus on the level of performance

of Criminology interns on their On-The-Job training. The Second part is

composed of close-ended questions about the factors affecting the

performance of criminology interns. The third part is composed of closed

ended or open-ended questions that will focus on the relationship

between the performance of criminology interns on their On-The-Job

training and factors affecting the performance of criminology interns.

Data Gathering procedure

 21

The researcher was presented a questionnaire to their research

adviser for approval. The proponents of the study were forwarded a letter

to the Dean of College of Criminology for the distribution of

questionnaires to gather sufficient data for the study. After the approval

the researchers prepared a request letter for the permission to

disseminate questionnaires to the respondents. The researchers will set

the date, time, and venue for conducting data gathering face to face and

the questionnaires were personally distributed to the respondents who

were answered the questions to the best of their ability, with honesty,

and integrity.

Treatment of the data

The researcher uses the 4-point likert scale in tabulating and

analysing the data came from the respondent, also to have an accurate

data. 4-point likert scale is a scale where in the respondent has only

4(four) choices. A likert scale is a psychological measurement device that

is used to gauge attitudes, values, and opinions. It functions by having a

person complete a questionnaire that requires them to indicate the

extent to which they agree or disagree with series of statements. (Roy,

2020). It aims to analyse the factors that affect the work performance of

BS criminology interns in Baguio Central University. By examining the

data, we can gain insights into the various factors that contribute to

their performance and identify potential areas for improvement.

 22

Relative value Statistical limits Descriptive equivalent

4 3.50-4.00 Excellent (E)
3 2.50-3.49 Good (G)
2 1.50-2.49 Average (A)
1 1.00-1.49 Poor (P)
Table 1. The level of Performances of Criminology Interns on their On-

the-Job Training.

Excellent – They have exceptional mastery and knowledgeable to the

questions asked.

Good – They have mastery and understanding about the questions

asked.

average – They have a slight knowledge about the questions asked.

Poor – They don’t have enough knowledge about the questions asked.

Table 2. The Contributing Factors Affecting the Performance of Crim

Relative value Statistical limits Descriptive
equivalent
4 3.50-4.00 Strongly Agree (SA)
3 2.50-3.49 Agree (A)
2 1.50-2.49 Disagree (D
1 1.00-1.49 Strongly Disagree
(SD)
Interns.

Strongly Agree - they completely agreed to the questions asked.

Agree - they agree to the questions asked.

Disagree - they disagreed to the questions asked.

Strongly disagree – They totally disagreed to the questions asked.

 23

In SOP 3 the researcher will use the document analysis where in

the result or the outcome of the SOP 1 and SOP 2 will be the base in

finding the data.

Ethical Considerations

Informed consent. Ensure that all participants, including BS

Criminology interns, understand the purpose and nature of the study

and willingly provide their consent to participate.

Confidentiality. Safeguard the privacy and confidentiality of the

participants by anonymizing their data and ensuring only authorized

personnel have access to the information.

Voluntary participation. Allow participants to withdraw from the

study any time without facing any negative consequences or

repercussions.

The researchers can conduct a study on the factors affecting the

work performance of BS Criminology interns in Baguio Central University

in a manner, while safeguarding the rights and well-being of the

participants.
 24

REFERENCES

A. Books

Adanza Estela G. Pedrito Jose V. Bermudo and Maarietta B. Rasonabe

2009.” Method of Research a Primer” 1st edition. Rex Bookstore
1997 CM Recto Avenue, Manila Philippines

Becker, Gary S. (Gary Stanley), 1930-2014. (1964). Human capital;

a theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to
education. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research;
distributed by Columbia University Press

Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of

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 28

Appendix A

September 28,2023

MR. GERALD BARRERAS

Registrar Officer-In-charge in Criminology
Baguio Central University

Dear Sir,

Greetings!

The undersigned third year Criminology students are conducting a study

entitled “Factors affecting the work performance of BS criminology
interns in Baguio Central University” as part of the requirements in
the subject Criminological Research 1.

We would like to request an official list of the Criminology students,

specifically the Criminology interns for these semester term 2023-2024
for our research purposes.

Your approval on our request is highly appreciated.

Truly yours,

Chester Loyd Ganyalib

Lead Researcher

Approve by:

Beca may Pidlao Palitayan

Research Adviser
 29

Appendix B

September 28,2023

DR. RAMON I. KINDIPAN

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
Baguio Central University

Dear Sir,

Greetings!

The undersigned third year Criminology students are conducting a study

entitled “Factors affecting the work performance of BS criminology
interns in Baguio Central University” as part of the requirements in
the subject Criminological Research 1.

We would like to request permission to administer a survey

questionnaire checklist among the Criminology interns during their free
time.

Your approval on our request is highly appreciated.

Truly yours,

Chester Loyd Ganyalib

Lead Researcher

Approve by:

Beca may Pidlao Palitayan

Research Adviser
 30

Dear Respondent,

Greetings!

The undersigned researcher is conducting a research study, entitled

“FACTORS AFFECTING THE WORK PERFORMANCE OF BS

CRIMINOLOGY INTERNS IN BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY” in partial

fulfilment of the requirements to the course Criminology Criminal Justice

Education, therefore the Researcher needed your cooperation to gather

data and accomplish the objective of the research study.

In connection with this, the researcher is requesting your utmost

cooperation and support by answering the Questionnaire Checklist. Rest

assured that all the information gathered, including your personal

information will be kept confidential and it will be used only for research

purpose.

Thank you and God Bless!

Truly yours,

Chester Loyd Ganyalib

Lead researcher
 31

Appendix D

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE

WORK PERFORMANCE OF BS CRIMINOLOGY INTERNS IN BAGUIO
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY
Name of the intern
(optional):______________________________________________

Part 1: The level of Performances of Criminology Interns on their On-the-

Job Training
Instruction: Rate the following statements regarding the level of
Performances of Criminology Interns on their On-the-Job Training. Place
an “ ” mark in the box of your answer.

SCALE:
4 – Excellent
3 – Good
2 – Average
1 – Poor

Personal characteristic 4 3 2 1

1 How would you rate your level of motivation and

enthusiasm during your On-the-Job Training?
2 How would you rate your communication skills
when interacting with colleagues, instructors, and
site supervisor during your OJT?
3 How would you rate your problem-solving skills
when faced with challenges during your OJT?
4 How would you rate your ability to work
independently during your OJT?
5 How would you rate your adaptability to new
situations and task during your OJT?
Attitude towards the job

6 How well you take initiative in completing tasks

and taking on additional responsibilities?
7 How well your sense of responsibility and
accountability toward your job duties during your
OJT?
8 How would you rate yourself in demonstrating
respectful attitude when interacting with
 32

colleagues, instructors, and site supervisor during

your OJT?
9 How would you rate your teamwork skills when
working with others during your internship?
10 How well your leadership skill when leading a
project or team during your OJT?
Adherence of office policies

11 How would you rate your time management skills

during your internship?
12 How well do you adhere to the office rules and
regulations?
13 To what extent do you adhere to the office’s
scheduling and attendance policy?
14 How would you rate your compliance with the
office’s communication protocol?
15 To want extent do you follow the office’s chain of
command and reporting structure?
Competence

16 How would you rate your ability to perform

routine office and procedures during your OJT?
17 How would you rate your problem-solving skills
when faced with challenges during your OJT?
18 How well your knowledge in law enforcement
operating procedure and techniques?
19 How would you rate your professionalism and
adherence to ethical standards
20 How well you handle sensitive information in
accordance with the office rules?
 33

Part 2: The Contributing Factors Affecting the Performance of

Criminology Interns.
Instruction: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement
with each of these statements regarding the Contributing Factors
Affecting the Performance of Criminology Interns. Place an “ ” mark in
the box of your answer.

SCALE:
4 – Strongly Agree
3 – Agree
2 – Disagree
1 – Strongly Disagree

Individual factor 4 3 2 1

1 I am open to feedback and willing to make changes

based on criticism

2 My ability to manage time efficiently positively

influence my performance as a criminology intern

3 I am able to think critically and analyze complex

information

4 I am adaptable to different work environment and

challenges during my internship

5 I am able to work well under pressure and meet

deadline

6 I am confident in my ability to apply theoretical

knowledge to real-world situations

University support

7 The criminology faculty and staff were always

available at critical times

8 The criminology faculty and staff provided immediate

feedback when you had concerns

9 The Criminology Department conduct the internship

process in an organized and timely manner
 34

10 The Criminology Department provided students with

an adequate number of agencies from which to select
an appropriate one

11 My university provided students with adequate

internship orientation

12 My university foster a supportive learning

environment that encourages collaboration and
teamwork among interns

Organizational environment

13 My site supervisor and other employees in the

organization were a good professional model for me

14 My site supervisor and other employees in the

organization were approachable and accommodating
to my concerns

15 My site supervisor and other employees in the

organization, made me feel like I’m part of the team

16 My internship taught me a lot of things I would never

have been able to learn in the classroom

17 The support and guidance provided by my supervisor

has Greatly impacted my learning experience

18 The resources and facilities provided by the place

where I’m stationed have been sufficient for me to
carry out my duties effectively

19 The support and camaraderie among fellow interns

have been helpful in navigating the challenges of the
internship

20 the opportunities for growth and advancement within

my site are transparent and accessible
 35

CURRICULUM VITAE

Place 2 x 2
picture here

Personal Information
Name: Rex L. Pasino
Date of Birth: October 1,2002
Place of Birth: Saclit, Sadanga, Mountain Province
Address: Purok 9, Upper Pinget, Baguio City
Nationality: Filipino
Civil Status Single
Religion Roman Catholic
Father’s name: Felimon L. Pasino
Mother’s name: Betty L. Pasino
Educational Background
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
School Graduated: Baguio Central University
Year Graduated:
Secondary:
School Graduated: Pinget national high school
Year Graduated: 2017-2018
Elementary:
School Graduated: Pinget elementary school
Year Graduated: 2013-2014
 36

Place 2 x 2
picture here

Personal Information
Name:
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:
Address:
Nationality:
Civil Status
Religion
Father’s name:
Mother’s name:
Educational Background
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
Secondary:
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
Elementary
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
 37

Place 2 x 2
picture here

Personal Information
Name:
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:
Address:
Nationality:
Civil Status
Religion
Father’s name:
Mother’s name:
Educational Background
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
Secondary:
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
Elementary
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
 38

Place 2 x 2
picture here

Personal Information
Name:
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:
Address:
Nationality:
Civil Status
Religion
Father’s name:
Mother’s name:
Educational Background
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
Secondary:
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
Elementary
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
 39

Place 2 x 2
picture here

Personal Information
Name:
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:
Address:
Nationality:
Civil Status
Religion
Father’s name:
Mother’s name:
Educational Background
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
Secondary:
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
Elementary
School Graduated:
Year Graduated:
40
41