Title: Vector 3D

Chapter: Vector 3D
Approximate Time to Complete (to be filled by student): ________________________
Total Marks Scored:
Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

 Attempt the worksheet in one go. See answers in one go at the end.
 All questions carry 4 marks for positive and -1 if you leave and -2 if you attempt
incorrectly.
 All proving or show questions (if done correctly) are of 4 marks. There is no negative
marking.
 If you cheat in worksheet then you are only cheating and such sinners do not get
selection in JEE so for your own sake refrain from cheating.
 Maintain the solutions of this worksheet and share the link of solution pdf in the
tracker if you want to be monitored.

Scalar triple product (Box Product) (S.T.P.) :

        
(i) The scalar triple product of three vectors a , b and c is defined as: a x b . c  a b c ,
   
sin  . cos  where  is the angle between a , b (i.e. a ^ b = θ ) and  is the angle between
           
a x b and c (a × b) ^ c = ) . It is (i.e. a  b . c ) also written as a b c  and spelled as box product.

(ii) Scalar triple product geometrically represents the volume of the parallelopiped whose three coterminous
edges are

     
represented by a, b and c i.e. V  | [ a b c ] |
(iii) In a scalar triple product the position of dot and cross can be interchanged i.e.
              
a . (b x c)  (a x b) . c  [ a b c]  [ b c a ]  [ c a b ]
           
(iv) a . (b x c)  a . (c x b) i.e. [ a b c ]  [ a c b ]
a1 a2 a3
     
(v) If a = a1 î + a2 ĵ + a3 k̂ ; b = b1 î +b2 ĵ +b3 k̂ and c = c1 î + c2 ĵ + c3 k̂ , then [ a b c ]  b1 b2 b3
c1 c2 c3
.
           
In general, if a  a1   a2m  a3n ; b  b1   b2m  b3n and c  c1   c 2m  c 3n
a1 a2 a3
        
then a b c   b1 b2 b3   m n , where  , m and n are non-coplanar vectors.
c1 c 2 c3

     
(vi) If a , b , c are coplanar, then  [a b c]  0 .

        
(vii) If a , b , c are non-coplanar, then [ a b c ]  0 for right handed system and [a b c]  0 for left
handed system.

(viii) [iˆ ˆj k]
ˆ =1 

For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222
      
(ix) [K a b c]  K [a b c] 
        
(x) [(a  b)c d]  [a c d]  [b c d] 
              
(xi) a  b b  c c  a  = 0 and a  b b  c c  a  = 2 a b c 
     
     
a.a a.b a.c
   2      
(xii) a b c  = b.a b.b b.c
       
c .a c .b c.c

Volume of Parallelopiped/ Tetrahedron and their properties :

     
(a) The volume of the parallelopiped whose three coterminous edges are a , b and c is V  [ a b c ]

(b) The volume of the tetrahedron OABC with O as origin and the position vectors of A, B and C being
   1   
a, b and c respectively is given by V  a b c 
6  

   
(c) If the position vectors of the vertices of tetrahedron are a , b , c and d , then the position vector of its
1    
centroid is given by (a  b  c  d) .
4
Note : that this is also the point of concurrency of the lines joining the vertices to the centroids of the
opposite faces and is also called the centre of the tetrahedron. In case the tetrahedron is regular it is
equidistant from the vertices and the four faces of the tetrahedron.

Example # 30 : The volume of the parallelopiped whose edges are represented by –12 î +  k̂ , 3 ĵ – k,
2 î + ĵ – 15 k̂ is 546, then find  .
12 0 
Solution : V= | 0 3 1 |  546 = |12 × 44 – 6|    = –3 , 179
2 1 15

   
Example # 31 : Find the volume of the tetrahedron whose four vertices have position vectors a , b , c and d .
   
Solution : Let four vertices be A, B, C, D with position vectors a , b , c and d respectively.
   
   
  
 DA = ( a – d )  DB = ( b – d )  DC = ( c – d )
1      
Hence volume V = [a – d b –d c – d]
6
1       1        
= ( a – d ). [( b – d ) × ( c – d )] = (a – d ) . [b ×c – b × b + c × d ]
6 6
1             1            
= {[ a b c ] – [ a b d ] + [ a c d ] – [ d b c ]} = {[ a b c ] – [ a b d ] + [ a c d ] – [ b c d ]}
6 6
  
Example # 32 : Prove that vectors r1 = (sec2 A, 1, 1) ; r2 = (1, sec2B, 1) ; r3 = (1, 1, sec2 C) are always non-
coplanar vectors if A, B, C  (0,  ).
sec 2 A 1 1
Solution : Condition of coplanarity gives D = 0  1 sec 2 B 1 =0
2
1 1 sec C
 sec2A [sec2Bsec2C – 1] – 1(sec2c – 1) + 1(1 – sec2B) = 0
  (1 + tan2 A)(tan2 B + tan2 C + tan2 B tan2 C) – tan2 C – tan2 B = 0
 tan2 B tan2 C + tan2 A tan2 B + tan2 C tan2A + tan2 A tan2 B tan2 C = 0
divide by tan2 A tan2 B tan2 C
cot2A + cot2B + cot2C = – 1 it is a not possible

Example # 33 : If two pairs of opposite edges of a tetrahedron are mutually perpendicular, show that the third
pair will also be mutually perpendicular.
Solution : Let OABC be the tetrahedron, where O is the origin and co-ordinates of A, B, C are
(x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2), (x3, y3, x3) respectively.
Let OA  BC and OB  CA .
For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222
 We have to prove that OC  BA .
Now, direction ratios of OA are x1, y1, z1 and of BC are (x3 – x2), (y3 – y2), (z3 – z2).
 OA  BC and OB  CA
 x1(x3 – x2) + y1(y3 – y2) + z1(z3 – z2) = 0 and x2(x1 – x3) + y2(y1 – y3) + z2(z1 – z3) = 0
A (x1, y1, z1)

O (0, 0, 0)

B C
(x2, y2, z2) (x3, y3, z3)

Adding above two equations we get x3(x1 – x2) + y3(y1 – y2) + z3(z1 – z2) = 0
 OC  BA (direction ratios of OC are x3, y3, z3 and that of BA are (x1 – x2), (y1– y2), (z1 – z2))

Self practice problems :

     
(34) Show that a . (b  c)  (a  b  c)  0

(35) One vertex of a parallelopiped is at the point A (1, –1, –2) in the rectangular cartesian co- ordinate. If
three adjacent vertices are at B(–1, 0, 2), C(2, –2, 3) and D(4, 2, 1), then find the volume of the
parallelopiped.
        
(36) Show that the vector a, b, c are coplanar if and only if b  c , c  a , a  b are coplanar.

        
(37) Show that {( a + b + c ) × ( c – b )} . a = 2 a b c  .

(38) Find the value of m such that the vectors 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ , ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ and 3iˆ  mjˆ  5kˆ are coplanar.

(39) Find the value of  for which the four points with position vectors ˆj  kˆ , 4iˆ  5ˆj  kˆ , 3iˆ  9 ˆj  4kˆ , and
4iˆ  4ˆj  4kˆ are coplanar.

Answer : (35) 72 (38) –4 (39) =1

Vector triple product


: 
   
Let a , b and c be any three vectors, then the expression a x (b x c ) is a vector & is called a
  
vector triple product. This vector is perpendicular to a and lies in plane containing vectors b and c
        
 a x ( b x c ) = (a . c)b  (a . b)c 
        
  (a x b) x c = (a . c)b  (b . c)a
     
 In general (a x b) x c  a x (b x c)

        
Example # 34 : [ a ×(3 b +2 c ) b ×( c – 2 a ) 2 c ×( a –3 b )] =
        
Solution : Let b × c = p , c × a = q , a × b = r
     
 [ p q r ] = [ a b c ]2 ....(i)
   
a × (3 b + 2 c ) = 3 r – 2q etc.
     
  E = [3 r – 2 q p + 2 r , 2 q + 6 p ]
0 2 3
              
= [0 p – 2 q + 3 r , p + 0 q + 2 r , 6 p + 2 q + 0 r ] = 1 0 2 [ a b c ]2 = –18 [ a b c ]2
6 2 0
 
       3ba
Example # 35 : If a , b , c are non-coplanar unit vectors such that ( a × b ) × c =   . Then find
 2
 
    
angles which makes c with a & b ( a and b are non-collinear)
   
    3ba       3ba
Solution : (a ×b ) × c =   ( a . c .), b – ( b . c ) a =
 2 2
 
For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222
   3   1
a.c = , and b.c = – .
2 2
3 1
cos = and cos = – .  
2 2
 2
  = and =
6 3
           
Example # 36 : Prove that a  {b  (c  d)} = (b . d)(a  c) – (b. c) (a  d)
          
Solution : We have, a  {b  (c  d)} = a  {(b . d) c  (b . c) d}
       
= a  {(b . d) c}  a  {(b . c) d} [by dist. law]
       
= (b . d) (a  c)  (b . c) (a  d) .

Self Practice Problems :

       
(40) Prove that a  {a  (a  b)}  (a . a) (b  a) .
        
(41) Let b and c be noncollinear vectors. If a is a vector such that a . (b  c) = 4 and a  (b  c) = (x2 – 2x +
 
6) b + c siny, then find x and y.
(42) Find a unit vector coplanar with ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ and ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ and perpendicular to ˆi  ˆj  kˆ is
 ˆj – kˆ 
Answer : (41) x = 1 & y = (4n + 1) /2 , n   (42) ± 
 2 
 

Linear combinations :
      
Given a finite set of vectors a,b,c,...... , then the vector r  xa  yb  zc  ........ is called a linear

 
combination of a,b,c,...... for any x, y, z..... R. We have the following results :
     
(a) If a,b are non zero, noncollinear vectors, then xa  yb  x 'a  y 'b  x  x ' , y  y '
  
(b) Fundamental Theorem in plane : Let a,b be non zero, non collinear vectors, then any vector r
   
coplanar with a,b can be expressed uniquely as a linear combination of a and b
  
i.e. there exist some unique x, y  R such that xa  yb  r .
  
(c) If a,b,c are nonzero, noncoplanar vectors, then
     
xa  yb  zc  x 'a  y 'b  z 'c  x  x ' , y  y ' , z  z '
  
(d) Fundamental theorem in space: Let a,b,c be nonzero, noncoplanar vectors in space. Then any
   
vector r can be uniquely expressed as a linear combination of a,b,c i.e. there exist
   
some unique x,y, z  R such that xa  yb  zc  r .
  
(e) If x1 ,x 2 ,......, xn are n non zero vectors and k1,k2,.....,kn are n scalars and if the linear combination
      
k1x1  k 2 x 2  .......  k n x n  0  k1  0, k 2  0 , ....., k n  0 , then we say that vectors x1 , x 2 , ......, xn
are linearly independent vectors.
        
(f) If k1x1  k 2 x 2  k 3 x 3 ......  k r x r  ......  k n x n  0 and if there exists at least one k r  0, then x1 , x 2 , ......, x n
are said to be linearly dependent vectors.
     
If kr 0 then x r is expressed as a linear combination of vectors x1, x 2 ,........, x r 1, xr 1, .........., xn
Note :
 In general, in 3 dimensional space every set of four vectors is a linearly dependent system.


 î , ĵ , k̂ are Linearly Independent set of vectors. For K1 î + K2 ĵ + K3 k̂ = 0  K1= K2= K3 = 0

For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222
       
 Two vectors a and b are linearly dependent  a is parallel to b i.e. a  b  0 linear dependence of
      
a and b . Conversely if a  b  0 then a and b are linearly independent.

     
 If three vectors a, b, c are linearly dependent, then they are coplanar i.e. [a b c] = 0. Conversely if
  
[a b c]  0 then the vectors are linearly independent.

        
Example # 37 : If a , b , c are three non-coplanar vectors, solve the vector equation r . a = r . b = r . c = 1
        
Solution : since a , b , c are three non-coplanar vectors therefore a × b , b × c & c × a are also non-
coplanar vectors
      
Let r = x ( a × b ) + y ( b × c ) + z ( c × a ).
    
Then, r . a = 1  1 = y [( b × c ) a .]
1 1  1      
y=    , similarly x = z =     r =    (( a × b ) + ( b × c ) + ( c × a ))
[a b c] [a b c] [a b c]

Example # 38 : Given that position vectors of points A, B, C are respectively

         
a – 2 b + 3 c , 2 a + 3 b – 4 c , – 7 b + 10 c then prove that vectors AB and AC are linearly
dependent.
Solution : Let A, B, C be the given points and O be the point of reference then
          
OA = a – 2 b + 3 c , OB = 2 a + 3 b – 4 c and OC = – 7 b + 10 c

Now AB = p.v. of B – p.v. of A
     
= OB – OA = ( a + 5 b – 7 c ) and AC = p.v. of C – p.v of A
     
= OC  OA = – (a  5b  7c) = – AB
 
   AC =  AB
 
where  = – 1. Hence AB and AC are linearly dependent.
        
Example # 39 : Prove that the vectors 5 a + 6 b + 7 c , 7 a – 8 b + 9 c and 3 a + 20 b + 5 c are linearly
  
dependent, where a , b , c being linearly independent vectors.
Solution : We know that if these vectors are linearly dependent , then we can express one of them as a
linear combination of the other two.
Now let us assume that the given vector are coplanar, then we can write
        
5 a + 6 b + 7 c = ( 7 a – 8 b + 9 c ) + m (3 a + 20 b + 5 c ) where , m are scalars
  
Comparing the coefficients of a , b and c on both sides of the equation
5 = 7 + 3m, 6 = – 8 + 20 m, 7 = 9 + 5m
1
 = = m. Hence the given vectors are linearly dependent.
2
Self Practice Problems :
 1       1    
(43) Given that x   2 (p . x) p  q , show that p . x  p . q and find x in terms of p and q .
p 2
         
(44) If x . a = 0, x . b = 0 and x . c = 0 for some non-zero vector x , then show that [a b c] = 0
           
 (r . a) (b  c) (r . b) (c  a) (r . c) (a  b)
(45) Prove that r =    +    +   
[ a b c ] [ a b c ] [ a b c ]
  
where a, b, c are three non-coplanar vectors
     
(46) Does there exist scalars u, v, w such that ue1  ve 2  we3  ˆi where e1  kˆ , e2  ˆj  kˆ , e3  ˆj  2kˆ ?
    
(47) If a and b are non-collinear vectors and A =(x + 4y) a + (2x + y + 1) b and
    
B = (y – 2x + 2) a + (2x – 3y – 1) b , find x and y such that 3A  2B .
  
(48) If vectors a, b,c be linearly independent, then show that
       
(i) a  2b  3c , 2a  3b  4c , b  2c are linearly dependent
       
(ii) a  3b  2c , 2a  4b  c , 3a  2b  c are linearly independent.

For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222
 
(49) Prove that a vector r in space can be expressed linearly in terms of three non-coplanar, non-zero vectors
  
a, b, c in the form
           
 [r b c] a  [ r c a ] b  [ r a b ] c
r   
[ a b c]
 
  p . q 
Answers : (43) x = q –   2  p (46) No (47) x = 2, y = –1
 2|p| 
Test of collinearity :
  
Three points A,B,C with position vectors a, b, c respectively are collinear, if & only if there exist scalars
   
x, y, z not all zero simultaneously such that xa  yb  zc  0 = 0 , where x + y + z = 0.

Test of coplanarity :
   
Four points A, B, C, D with position vectors a, b, c, d respectively are coplanar if and only if there exist
    
scalars x, y, z, w not all zero simultaneously such that xa +yb + zc + wd = 0 , where x + y + z + w = 0.

           
Example # 40 : Prove that four points 2a  3b  c , a  2b  3c , 3a  4b  2c and a  6b  6c are coplanar.

Solution
PS : Let the given four points
   be P, Q, R and S respectively. These points are coplanar if the

vectors PQ , PR and PS are coplanar. These vectors are coplanar iff one of them can be
  
expressed as a linear combination of other two. So let PQ = x PR + y PS
    
   
   
  a  5b  4c = x a  b  c + y a  9b  7c
     
  a  5b  4c = (x – y) a + (x – 9y) b + (–x + 7y) c
  
  x – y = –1, x – 9y = –5, –x + 7y = 4 [Equating coeff. of a, b, c on both sides]
1 1
Solving the first two equations of these three equations, we get x = – ,y= .
2 2
These values also satisfy the third equation. Hence the given four points are coplanar.

Self Practice Problems :

   
(50) If a, b, c, d are any four vectors in 3-dimensional space with the same initial point and such that
    
3a  2b  c  2d  0 , show that the terminal A, B, C, D of these vectors are coplanar. Find the point (P)
at which AC and BD meet. Also find the ratio in which P divides AC and BD.
 
 3a  c
Answers : (50) p  divides AC in 1 : 3 and BD in 1 : 1 ratio
4

For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222
 EXERCISE – I
Part - I : Subjective Questions
        
1. Show that {( a + b + c ) × ( c – b )} . a = 2 a b c  .

   
2. ˆ nˆ  = pˆ  m
Given unit vectors m̂ , n̂ and p̂ such that  m ˆ x nˆ  =  then find value of nˆ pˆ m
ˆ  in
 
terms of .

   
3. Let a=a1ˆi+a2 ˆj+a3kˆ , b=b1ˆi+b2 ˆj+b3kˆ and c=c1ˆi+c 2 ˆj+c 3 kˆ be three non-zero vectors such that c is a unit
2
a1 a2 a3
    
vector perpendicular to both a and b . If the angle between a andb is , then b1 b2 b3 is equal
6
c1 c 2 c3

to:

4. Examine for coplanarity of the following sets of points

(a) 4 î + 8 ĵ + 12 k̂ , 2 î + 4 ĵ + 6 k̂ , 3 î + 5 ĵ + 4 k̂ , 5 î + 8 ĵ + 5 k̂ .
              
(b) 3 a + 2 b – 5 c , 3 a + 8 b + 5 c , –3 a + 2 b + c , a + 4 b – 3 c . Where a , b , c are noncoplanar

5. The vertices of a tetrahedron are P(2, 3, 2), Q(1, 1, 1), R(3, –2, 1) and S (7, 1, 4).
(i) Find the volume of tetrahedron
(ii) Find the shortest distance between the lines PQ & RS.

6. Are the following set of vectors linearly independent?

 
(i) a = î  2 ĵ + 3 k̂ , b = 3 î 6 ĵ + 9 k̂
  
(ii) a = 2 î  4 k̂ , b = î  2 ĵ  k̂ , c = î  4 ĵ + 3 k̂

  
7. Find value of xR for which the vectors a = (1, –2, 3), b = (–2, 3, – 4), c = (1, – 1, x) form a linearly
dependent system.

         
8. If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors and v . a  v . b  v . c = 0, then find value of v .

   
9. Let a  ˆi  2 ˆj  3kˆ , b  2 ˆi  ˆj  kˆ , c  3 ˆi  2 ˆj  kˆ and d = 3 ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ , then
     
(i) if a  (b  c) = pa  qb  rc , then find value of p, q and r.
    
(ii) find the value of ( a × b ) × ( a × c ). d

 1      1    
10. Given that x   2 (p . x) p  q , then show that p.x  (p.q) and hence find x in terms of p and q .
p 2

For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222
     
 
    
11. Let there exist a vector x satisfying the conditions x × a = c  d and x + 2 d = v  d . Find x in terms
  
of a , c and d

Part - II : Only One Option Correct Type

    
   
  
1. The value of  a  2b  c a  b a  b  c  is equal to the box product :
 
           
(A) a b c  (B) 2 a b c  (C) 3 a b c  (D) 4 a b c 
       

        
2. For a non zero vector A if the equations A . B = A . C and A  B = A  C hold simultaneously,
then:
    
(A) A is perpendicular to B  C (B) A B
   
(C) B  C (D) C  A

     
3. Let a = xiˆ  12ˆj  kˆ , b = 2iˆ  2xjˆ  kˆ and c = ˆi  kˆ . If the ordered set  b c a  is left handed, then :
 
(A) x  (2, ) (B) x  (,  3) (C) x  ( 3, 2) (D) x  { 3, 2}

       
4. If a = i + j – k, b = i – j + k, c is a unit vector such that c.a = 0, [c ab] = 0 then a unit vector d both a

and c is perpendicular to
1 1 1 1
(A) (2i – j + k) (B) (j + k) (C) (i + j) (D) (i + k)
6 2 2 2

  
5. If a = – i + j + k and b = 2i + k, then the vector c satisfying the conditions.
 
(i) that it is coplanar with a and b

(ii) that its projection on b is 0
(A) –3i + 5j + 6k (B) – 3i – 5j + 6k (C) – 6i + 5k (D) – i + 2j + 2k

           
6. If a x b = c x d and a x c = b x d , then the vectors a  d and b  c are :

(A) non-collinear (B) linearly independent

(C) perpendicular (D) parallel

7. Vector of length 3 unit which is perpendicular to ˆi  ˆj  kˆ and lies in the plane of ˆi  ˆj  kˆ and 2iˆ  3ˆj , is

3 3 3 3
(A) ( ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ ) (B) ( 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ ) (C) ( 7iˆ  8ˆj  kˆ ) (D) ( 7iˆ  8ˆj  kˆ )
6 6 114 114

     
 
  
8. If a , b , c be the unit vectors such that b is not parallel to c and a x 2b x c  b , then the angle that
  
a makes with b and c are respectively:

For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222
    2  2  
(A) & (B) & (C) & (D) &
3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3

  
9. If a , b , c are linearly independent vectors, then which one of the following set of vectors is linearly

dependent?
                         
(A) a  b , b  c , c  a (B) a  b , b  c , c  a (C) a xb , b x c , c x a (D) a  2b  3c, b  c  a, a  c

              
10. Let a, b, c are three non-coplanar vectors such that r1  a  b  c , r2  b  c  a , r3  c  a  b ,
       
r  2a  3b  4c . If r  1r1   2 r2   3 r3 , then the values of 1 , 2 and 3 respectively are

(A) 7, 1, –4 (B) 7 / 2, 1, –1 / 2 (C) 5 / 2, 1, 1/2 (D) –1 / 2, 1, 7 / 2

     
11. Vector x satisfying the relation A . x  c and A  x  B is
           
cA  (A  B) cA  (A  B) cA  (A  B) cA  2(A  B)
(A)  (B)  2 (C)  2 (D)  2
|A| |A| |A| |A|

      
12. The value of r if exist where r = a  b and r  c  d is
   
  a.d     a.d    a.d     a.d   
(A) a +     b (B) a –     b (C)     a – b (D)     a + b
 b.d   b.d   b.d   b.d 

For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222
 Answer Key
Part - I : Subjective Questions
1 2
2. sin  cos  3. (a1  a22  a23 ) (b12  b22  b32 )
4
4. (a) Coplanar (b) Non-coplanar
3
5. (i) 1/2 unit3 (ii) unit 6. (i) No (ii) Yes
35

7. x=1 8. v =0 9. (i) p = 0; q = 10; r =  3 (ii) – 100
       2 
  (p . q) p  d  (c  d) – 2 | d | a
10. x  q  2 11. x = 
2|p| d.a

Part - II : Only One Option Correct Type

1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (A)
6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (D) 9. (B) 10. (B)
11. (B) 12. (B)

Solution
Part - I : Subjective Questions
                 
1. Required = ( a × c – a × b + b × c – c × b ) . a = b c a  –  c b a  a b c 
  
= 2 a b c 

2. nˆ pˆ m
ˆ  = pˆ m
ˆ nˆ  = p.(m ˆ = pˆ . m
ˆ ˆ  n) ˆ  nˆ cosa = ˆ 
m nˆ cosa = sina cosa

2
a1 a2 a3
       a 2b 2
3. b1 b2 b3 = [a b c]2 = ((a  b).c)2 = (ab sin c.c)2 =
4
c1 c 2 c3
1 2
= (a1  a 22  a32 ) (b12  b22  b32 )
4

4. (a) Let A  4iˆ  8jˆ  12kˆ ; B  2 ˆi  4jˆ  6kˆ ; C  3 ˆi  5jˆ  4kˆ ; D  5 ˆi  8jˆ  5kˆ
  
AB  – 2iˆ – 4jˆ – 6kˆ ; BC  ˆi – ˆj – 2kˆ ; CD  2 ˆi  3jˆ  kˆ
–2 4 6
  
[AB BC CD] = 1 1 2 = [– 2 (1 + 6) + 4(1 + 4) – 6(3 – 2)] = – 14 + 20 – 6 = 0
2 3 1
Hence coplanar
    
(b) Using these 4 points let us create any 3 vectors v1  6b  10c, v 2  6a  6c
   
v 3  2a  2b  2c check coplanarity of these vectors
0 6 10
     
[v1 v 2 v 3 ] = 6 0 6 [a b c]  0 hence non coplanar
2 2 2

5.

For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222
 1 2 1
1
(i) v 1 5 1
6
5 2 2
1
= 1 ( 10  2)  2(2  5)  1 ( 2  25)
6
1 1
= ( 12  14  23) =
6 2
ˆ ˆ ˆ
(ii) ˆ (3i  j  5k) =
(iˆ  5ˆj  k).
3
9  1  25 35
 
6. (i) b  3a linearly dependent
  
(iii) [a b c]  0 linearly independent

7. For linearly dependent vectors

(i – 2j + 3k) + m(– 2i + 3j – 4k) + n(i – j + xk) = 0  – 2m + n = 0, – 2 + 3m – n = 0
1 –2 1
3 – 4m + nx = 0  –2 3 –1 = 0 is x = 1
3 –4 x

      
8. Let v  1a   2b   3 c [ a, b, c are non coplanar]
        
v.a = v.b = v.c = 0    1a.a +  2a.b +  3 a.c = 0
     
1b.a +  2b.b +  3b.c = 0   1c.a +  2c.b +  3 c.c = 0
     
a.a a.b a.c
     
Only possible values of 1, 2, 3 = 0 as b.a b.b b.c 0
     
c .a c .b c.c

             
9. (i) a  (b  c) = (a·c)b  (a.b)c  10 b  3 c = pa  qb  rc
 
p = 0, q = + 10, r = – 3 [ a,b,c are non coplanar]
                 
(ii)    
(a  b) × (a  c) . d = { (a  b).c a – (a  b).a c } · d = [a b c] a.d – 0 = 20 × (– 5) = –100


10. Dot with p & obtain answer.

 1 1     (p . q) p
x 2
(p.q) p  q  x  q–
|p| 2 2 | p |2

   
 
 
11. d ×  x  a = d × c  d
      
   
 d.a x – d.x a = d × c  d   ....(i)
     
Now d.x + 2 d.d = d . v  d = 0  
 2
 d.x = – 2 d ....(ii)
   2
 d  (c  d) – 2 d a
From (i) and (ii) we get x = 
d.a

Part - II : Only One Option Correct Type

1 2 –1
    
1.
  
 a  2b  c a  b a  b  c  =
  1 –1 0


 a b

 

c  =3  a b

c 

1 –1 –1

For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222
        
2. A .B  A.C  A.B – A.C  0
  
or A.(B – C)  0 ... (1)
        
A  B  A  C  A B – A  C  0
   
or A  (B – C)  0 ... (2)
 
(1) & (2) both possible if B  C  0

2 2x 1
  
3. b c a < 0  1 0 1  0  2(0 – 12) – 2x (– 1 – x) + 1 (12) < 0
 
x 12 1
or – 24 + 2x + 2x2 + 12 < 0  x2 + x – 6 < 0  x (– 3, 2)

             
4. c is along the vector a  (a  b) c a  (a  b) = (a.b)a – (a.a)b
  i j k
 –2i  j – k  (a  c)  
= (–1) (i + j – k) – 3(i – j + k) = – 4i + 2j – 2k  c =  d =   ; ac = 1 1 –1
6 | ac |
–2 1 –1
 jk
= – j(–3) + k.3 = 3(j + k)  d =
2
    
5. c will be along b  (a  b) , therefore c = (– 3i + 5j + 6k) ; R

               
6. ab  c  d & ac  bd  ab – ac  c  d – b d
         
 a  (b – c)  (c – b)  d  (a – d)  (b – c)  0

7.

Let v   (iˆ  ˆj  k)
 
ˆ  (iˆ  ˆj  k)

ˆ  (2iˆ – 3 ˆj) 

required vector is 3vˆ

            1  
8. a  (2b  c)  b  2 (a.c)b – (a.b)c   b  a.c   & a.b  0
  2
               
9. [a  b bc c  a] = [a b c]2  0  [a  b bc c  a]  2[ab c]  0

         
     
     
10. r = 1 r1 + 2 r2 + 3 r3  2a  3b  4c = 1 a  b  c + 2 b  c  a + 3 c  a  b
 1 – 2 + 3 = 2  1 + 2 + 3 = –3   1 + 2 +  3 = 4
 1 = 7 / 2, 2 = 1 and 3 = –1 / 2
                
11. A  x  B take cross product by A to get A  (A  x) = A  B  (A·x)A – (A·A)x  A  B
  
 cA  (A  B)
 x = 
| A |2

   
   r  d

12. r.d = a.d +  b.d = 0

 a.d 
 = –    
 b.d 

   a.d  
 r = a –     b
 b.d 

For Unacademy Subscription Use “PJLIVE” Code | Join t.me/pjsir42 for Updates
For More Info: 75970-84242, 95490-43333/2222