SERIES Z1XYW/2 SET – 2

CBSE-2022-23

Paper: SCIENCE
Date: 04-03-2023 Code: 31/2/2
Max. Marks: 100 Time allowed: 3 hours
Section A
1. During electrolysis of water, if the volumes of oxygen and hydrogen evolved at the
electrodes are VO and VH respectively, then VO/ VH is
1 1
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) (d)
2 4
Sol Option (c)
As 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
2 : 1
V 1
So, o =
VH 2
2. Among the following, the metal with lowest density is :
(a) Lithium (b) Lead (c) Magnesium (d) Aluminium
Sol. Option (a)
Lithium is the lightest and least dense metal.
3. In the given experimental set-up, if the experiment is carried out separately with each of
the following solutions the cases in which the bulb will glow is/are:

– +

Solution

(i) dilute hydrochloric acid

(ii) dilute sulphuric acid
(iii) Glucose solution
(iv) Alcohol
(a) (i) only (b) (ii) only (c) (i) only (ii) (d) (ii), (iii) only (iv)
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Sol. Option (c)
Acid dissociates into ions in its aqueous solution. These ions are mobile. Hence these are
responsible for conduction of electric current.
4. Which of the following gives the correct increasing order of acidic strength ?
(a) Sodium chloride < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid
(b) Sodium chloride < Hydrochloric acid < Acetic acid
(c) Acetic acid < Sodium chloride < Hydrochloric acid
(d) Hydrochloric acid < Sodium chloride < Acetic acid
Sol. Option (a)
Sodium chloride → salt solution (PH = 7)
Acetic Acid → Weak acid (PH = 2 – 3)
Hydrochloric Acid →Strong acid (PH = 1 – 2)
5. In order to balance the following chemical equation, the values of the coefficients x and y
respectively are :
xPb ( NO3 )2 ⎯⎯→
Heat
2PbO + yNO2 + O2
(a) 2, 4 (b) 2, 2 (c) 2, 3 (d) 4, 2
Sol. Option (a)
2Pb ( NO3 )2 ⎯⎯→
Heat
2Pbo + 4NO2 + O2
6. When ethanol reacts with sodium two products are formed. These products are :
(a) Sodium ethanoate and oxygen (b) Sodium ethanoate and hydrogen
(c) Sodium ethoxide and oxygen (d) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
Sol. Option (d)
Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
C2H5OH + Na ⎯⎯
→ C2H5ONa + H2
Ethanol Sodium Sodiumethoxide Hydrogen gas
7. A positron enters a uniform magnetic field at right angles to it as shown. The direction of
force experienced by the positron will be :
Positron

Magnetic field

(a) to the right (b) to the left (c) into the page (d) out of the page
Sol. Option (c)
By Fleming left hand rule, the direction of force acting on position is found to be into the page.
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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
8. When an ‘X’ bearing sperm fertilizes the egg, the resulting zygote has the following
combination of chromosomes :
(a) 44 + XX (b) 44 + XY (c) 22 + XX (d) 22 + XY
Sol. Option (a)
When an ‘X’ bearing sperm fertilizes the egg, the resulting zygote has 44 + XX combination
of chromosomes.
9. In a resistive circuit if the current is increased to two times, the percentage change in the
amount of heat dissipated in the circuit would be :
(a) 400 % (b) 300 % (c) 200 % (d) 100 %
Sol. Option (b)
Initially the heat dissipated,
[H = I2Rt]
When current is increased to 2 times,
Heat dissipated
[H’ = (2I)2Rt = 4I2Rt]
Percentage change in the amount of heat dissipated
H'− H 4I2Rt − I2Rt
=  100 =  100
H I2Rt
4 −1
=  100 = 300%
1
10. For verifying Ohm’s law, we design an electric circuit diagram in which we show the
arrangement of different circuit components. We find that with respect to the resistor, the
(a) ammeter is connected in parallel and the voltmeter in series.
(b) ammeter is connected in series and the voltmeter in parallel.
(c) ammeter and voltmeter are both connected in series.
(d) ammeter and voltmeter are both connected in parallel.
Sol. Option (b)
As ammeter is always connected in series, to measure branch current and voltmeter in
parallel between the two ends of the branch to measure potential difference.
11. The total number of electrons shared in the formation of an ethyne molecule is :
(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 10 (d) 4
Sol. Option (c)
Total 10 electrons are shared in the formation of an ethyne molecule.
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12. In the following diagram, identify the cells through which massive amounts of gaseous
exchange takes place for photosynthesis :

I
II
III

IV

(a) I (b) IV (c) III (d) II

Sol. Option (b)
'IV' as it represents stomata which helps in gaseous exchange.
13. Sphincter muscles are present at the exit of :
(a) Stomach and small intestine
(b) Stomach and anus
(c) Small intestine and large intestine
(d) Oesophagus and stomach
Sol. Option (b)
Sphincter muscles are present at the exit of stomach and anus.
14. During vigorous exercise, the occurrence of cramps in the outer muscles of an athlete is
due to the conversion of pyruvate to :
(a) Glucose (b) Ethanol
(c) Lactic acid (d) Lactose
Sol. Option (c)
During vigorous exercise, the occurrence of cramps in the outer muscles of an athlete is
due to the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid.
15. Plants which bear unisexual flowers are :
(a) Mustard and Papaya
(b) Hibiscus and Watermelon
(c) Mustard and Hibiscus
(d) Watermelon and Papaya
Sol. Option (d)
Plants which bear unisexual flowers are Watermelon and Papaya.
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16. An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at infinity. According to the New Cartesian
Sign Convention, the sign of the focal length and the sign of the image distance in this case
are respectively :
(a) +, – (b) – , + (c) – . – (d) + , +
Sol. Option (d)
As the image formed in a convex mirror is always virtual as well as for the measurement
of focal length again we need to go in the direction of incident ray for the measurement
hence focal length and image distance both are +ve.

For questions number 17 to 20, two statements are given – one labelled as Assertion (A)
and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from
the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of the Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

17. Assertion (A) : Sodium, calcium and magnesium are obtained by the electrolysis of their
molten oxides.
Reason (R) : These metals have more affinity for oxygen than carbon.
Sol. Option (a)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
the Assertion (A).
18. Assertion (A) : Magnetic field lines do not intersect each other.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field lines are imaginary lines, the tangent to which at any point
gives the direction of the field at that point.
Sol. Option (b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
Because,
Magnetic field lines are imaginary lines, the tangent drawn at any point give the direction
of magnetic field at that point, is not the correct explanation of the fact “magnetic field lines
do not interact each other”, As the needle of the compass can not show deflection in two
different direction at a particular point is the correct explanation of the fact why magnetic
field lines never interact.
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19. Assertion (A): When a bacterium divides into two, and the resultant two bacteria divide
again, the four bacteria produced would be almost similar.
Reason (R) : DNA copying involves small inaccuracies in the reproduction process.
Sol. Option (b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of the Assertion (A).
During asexual reproduction, when a bacterium divides into two and the resultant two
bacteria divide again, the four bacteria produced would be almost similar whereas DNA
copying occurs during sexual reproduction.
20. Assertion (A) : A person suffering from myopia cannot see the distant objects clearly.
Reason (R) : A converging lens is used for the correction of myopic eye as it can from
real as well as virtual images of the objects placed in front of it.
Sol. Option (c)
Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false, is the correct answer because, it is not
converging (convex lens) but concave (Diverging lens) is used for the correction of myopia,
Eye deflect in which we cannot see the distant objects clearly, but can see the nearby
objects clearly.

SECTION B
21. (a) When and where does a rainbow appear in the sky ? Draw a labelled ray diagram to
show its formation. (2)
OR
(b) What is scattering of light ? Why does the clear sky appear blue ?
Sol. (a) Rainbow formation takes place only if, the sun is at our back, in the presence of tiny
water droplets (Rain drops) in the atmosphere. These droplets acts as small prisms
which makes the sunlight undergo dispersion.
Sunlight A
R
40° V
42°

Raindrop

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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
OR
(b) Scattering of light is a phenomenon by which a beam of light is redirected in different
directions, when it falls on dust particles, water molecules and the molecules of gases
present in the atmosphere.
Violet, Indigo–Blue color of white light which has the least wavelength among all the
color of light, due to which it scatters the most by the particles of the atmosphere. Hence
the sky appear blue.
22. What will happen if :
(a) Xylem tissue in a plant is removed ?
(b) We are injured and start bleeding ?
Sol. (a) If xylem tissue is removed from the plants then conduction of water would be affected
in plants.
(b) If we are injured and it’s bleeding then the platelets present in blood would form a clot
at the place of bleeding to stop excessive bleeding.
23. (a) What is observed when aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and lead nitrate are
mixed together ? Name the type of reaction and write the chemical equation for the
reaction that occurs .
OR
(b) When copper powder is heated in a watch glass, a black substance is formed.
(i) Why is this black substance formed ? Name it.
(ii) How can this black substance be reversed to its original form ?
Sol. (a) When aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and lead nitrate are mixed together, a
Yellow precipitate PbI2 is formed along with potassium nitrate solution.
It is a double displacement reaction.
Pb( NO3 )2(aq) + 2KI(aq) ⎯⎯
→PbI2(s)  +2KNO3(aq)

OR
(b) (i) The black substance is formed due to the oxidation of copper. The substance
formed is copper oxide [CuO]
(ii) When H2 gas is passed over heated copper oxide (cuO), then the black coloured
CuO is reduced and brown copper metal is obtained back.
CuO + H2 ⎯⎯
→Cu + H2O
24. Mandel crossed a pure tall pea plant (TT) with a pure short pea plant (tt) and obtained all
tall plants in F1 generation.
(a) What is the gene combination present in the plants of F1 generation ?
(b) Give reason why only tall plants are observed in F1 progeny.
(c) What will be the ratio of the plants obtained in the F2 generation when F1 plants are self
– pollinated ?
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Sol. (a) All the plants of F1 generation are tall (Tt) ,i.e, heterozygous tall.
(b) In F1 generation, heterozygous tall (Tt) plants were obtained as the Tall (TT) gene was
dominant over dwarf/short (tt) gene.
Selfing of F1 plants

Parent Tall Dwarf

(Pure) TT tt Tall Tall
Tt Tt
Male
Gametes
Gametes T t
Female T t
Gametes
TT Tt
T Tall
Fertilization Tall

Tt Tt tt
(All tall) Tall Dwarf
t

F1 Generation F2 Generation

Monohybrid Cross
(c) Ratio of the plants obtained in F2 generation is 1:2:1
25. Consider a circular loop of thick copper wire lying horizontally on a table. Let the current
pass through the loop anticlockwise. Draw the magnetic field lines to show the direction
F Generation 2

and the pattern of the magnetic field inside and outside the loop.
Sol. The pattern of magnetic field lines inside and outside, a circular loop of thick copper wire
lying horizontally on a table is as shown below.

I
S

26. (a) What is meant by trophic level ?

(b) On an average, what percentage of energy is transferred to the second trophic level
from the first trophic level ? Which categories of consumers do the organisms of the
second trophic level belong to ?

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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
Sol. (a) The distinct sequential steps in the food chain where transfer of energy occurs are
referred to as trophic levels. e.g., green plants (producers) form the first trophic level,
the producer level ; the plant eaters (herbivores), also called primary consumers,
belong to second trophic level, the primary consumer level; and the flesh eaters
(carnivores), also called secondary consumers, represent the third trophic level and so on.
(b) According to 10% law, transfer of energy from one trophic level to other trophic level
is never 100 percent. It is so because most of energy gets lost as heat in the environment
during each transfer. On an average, about 10% of energy is actually available to the
next trophic level. So, 10% of energy is transferred to the second trophic level from the
first trophic level.
The plant eaters (herbivores), also called primary consumers, belong to second trophic
level.

SECTION C
27. Write down the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the
type of reaction in each case .
(a) Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas to form ammonia gas.
(b) Lead nitrate is heated strongly to form lead monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen.
(c) A copper wire is dipped in silver nitrate solution and a shining deposite of silver is
produced.
Sol. (a) N 2 + 3H2 ⎯⎯
→2NH3 (Combination reaction)

(b) 2Pb ( NO3 ) 2 ⎯⎯

→ 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2 (Decomposition reaction)

→Cu ( NO3 )2 + 2Ag ( Displacement reatiocn )

(c) Cu + 2AgNO3 ⎯⎯

28. Explain how some harmful chemicals enter our bodies through the food chain. Why is the
concentration of these harmful chemicals found to be maximum in human beings.
Sol. Humans use several types of pesticides and chemicals to protect their crops from diseases
and pests. Chemicals are either washed down into the soil or into the water bodies during
heavy rains. From the soil, these are absorbed by the plants along with water and minerals
and from the water bodies these are taken up by aquatic plants and animals. In this way,
these harmful chemicals enter the food chain. Since these chemicals are non-degradable,
they get accumulated progressively at each trophic level.
Human beings occupy the higher trophic level in a food chain, as these chemicals get
accumulated progressively at each trophic level and harm the human bodies.

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29. (a) A student has focussed the image of an object of height 3 cm on a white screen using a
concave mirror of focal length 12 cm. If the distance of the object from the mirror is
18 cm, find the values of the following :
(i) Distance of the image from the mirror
(ii) Height of the image.
Sol. (a) ho = +3 cm
f = –12 cm
u = –18 cm
1 1 1
(i) [v =?] as, = +
f v u
1 1 1 1 1 –1 1 –3 + 2
= − = − == + =
v f u −12 −18 12 18 36
1 –1
= ; [v = –36 cm]
v 36
hI − v
(ii) [hI = ?] as, m = =
ho u

v − ( −36cm )
hI = −  ho =  3cm
u −18cm
[hI = –2 × 3 cm = –6 cm]
OR
(b) Power of Lens : It is a measure of the degree of convergence or divergence of light ray
falling on it. The power of a lens is defined as the ‘reciprocal of its focal length’.
Given : f = –10 cm = –0.1 m
 1 1 −10 
as, P = = = D = −10D
 f −0.1m 1 
as power is –ve lens is concave lens.
Given : u = –20 cm
For any object distance as we know that the image formed by a concave lens is always
virtual, always gets formed at the same side of the object, hence magnification always
remain positive.
OR
30. Explain the directional movement due to growth in response to touch in a pea plant.
Sol. The movement of a part of plant in response to contact or support is called thigmotropism.
e.g. Pea plant climb up other plants or fences by mean of tendrils. Tendrils are sensitive to
touch. When tendrils come in contact with any support, the part of the tendril in contact
with the object does not grow as rapidly as the part of tendril away from the object. This
causes the tendril to circle around the object and thus cling to it.
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31. With help of suitable chemical equations, list the two main differences between roasting and
calcination. How is metal reduced from the product obtained after roasting/calcination of the
ore ? Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved.
Sol.
S.No. Roasting Calcination
1. In the process of 1. In calcination, Ore is heated
roasting, Ore is heated in the absence or limited
in the presence of supply of air or oxygen.
excess of air or
oxygen.
2. This method is 2. This method is employed for
employed for sulphide carbonate ores.
ores.
3. SO2 is produced, along 3. CO2 is produced along with
with metal oxide. metal oxide.
 
Eg. 2ZnS + 3O2 ⎯⎯→ Eg. ZnCO3 ⎯⎯→ ZnO + CO2↑
2ZnO + 2SO2↑

Newly Formed substance ZnO (metal-oxide) is allowed to reduce with carbon. ZnO is
reduced to Zn metal.
ZnO(s) + C(s) ⎯⎯
→ Zn( g ) + CO( g )

32. What is a solenoid ? Draw a diagram to show the pattern of magnetic field around a current
carrying solenoid. Name the region of uniform magnetic field.
Sol. Solenoid : A long insulated wire round in the form of a helix where neighbouring turns are
closely spaced is called a solenoid.

Inside the solenoid, magnetic field lines are parallel and equidistant, implies the fact that
strength of the magnetic field is everywhere same throughout everywhere inside the
solenoid.

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33. (a) (i) What is the first step in the breakdown of glucose during aerobic and anaerobic
respiration ? Where does it take place ?
(ii) ATP is called the energy currency of the cell. Why ?
(iii) What is meant by “residual volume of air “ in a breathing cycle ?
OR
(b) Write in sequence the steps for experimental verification of the fact that “sunlight is
essential for photosynthesis “
Glycolysis Oxygen
Sol. (a) (i) Glucose ⎯⎯⎯⎯
(Cytoplasm)
→ 2(Pyruvate) + 2 ATP ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
(in mitochondria)
→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
(6 carbon (3 carbon
molecules) molecules)

The first step of aerobic and anaerobic respiration is glycolysis . This chemical
reaction takes place in cytoplasm of the cell .
(ii) ATP is Adenosine triphosphate which functions as energy currency in various
cellular activities. Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a
molecule for example synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Energy
ADP + P ADP ~ P = ATP

Single molecule of ATP is broken down giving rise to 30.5 kJ/mole or 7.3 kcal/mole
energy which can drive the endothermic reactions taking place in the cell. ATP can be
used for the contraction of muscles, protein synthesis, conduction of nerve impulse and
many other activities.
(iii) Residual volume (RV) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a
maximum expiration.
OR
Aim
To demonstrate that sunlight is essential for photosynthesis.
Method
(1) Take a potted plant and keep it in a dark place for 2-3 days so that leaves get destarched.
(Destarching means to remove starch content from a plant or leaf by keeping the plant in dark
room for 2-3 days because of which plant cannot photosynthesize and uses up stored starch
and is destarched).
(2) Fold a circular black paper and cut a design in its centre. Fix black paper or tin foil, with the
cut design in its centre on the surface of a leaf of destarched potted plant by means of
cellotape strips or clips. Alternately attach a Ganong’s light screen over it. Ganong's light
screen is a small metallic box with a spring handle, ventilating holes and a lid having a
design cut in the centre.
Now place the plant in strong sunlight for at least 6 hours.
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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
(3) Remove the black paper or Ganong’s light screen. Pluck the leaf. Test it for starch by first
boiling in water for 5–10 minutes to kill the cells. Then dry it in folds of blotting paper
and dip it in warm denatured spirit for 30–45 minutes to remove chlorophyll. Then
wash it with water and pour iodine over it.

Black paper
Black
Black
Black paper
paper
Blackpaper
paper

Ganong’s
Ganong's
Ganong's light
light
light
Ganong’s
Ganong’s light
light screen
screen
screen
screen
screen Dropper
Dropper
Iodine solution

Destarched
Destarched
Destarched
Distarched plant
plant
plant
Distarched plant
plant
Iodine solution

(1) (2) (3)

Observation
Yellow (starch less
Covered part of leaf remains yellow while parts of leaf Yellow (starch less
portion)
which received light turn bluish black. Bluish black portion)
Blue black (starch
colour indicates the presence of starch or Blue black (starch
containing portion)
photosynthesis. less portion)
Conclusion
Leaf part that is exposed to sunlight shows positive starch test. It gives blue black colour.
The covered part does not receive sunlight. It does not perform photosynthesis. So, no starch
formation occurs and it does not turn into blue black colour. Therefore, light is necessary for
photosynthesis.

SECTION D
34. (a) An acid ‘X’ and an alcohol ‘Y’ react with each other in the presence of an acid catalyst to
form a sweet smelling substance ‘Z’. Identify ‘X’, ‘Y’ and ‘Z’ . Write the chemical equation
for the reaction involved and name it. The substance ‘Z’ on treatment with sodium
hydroxide produces back the alcohol ‘Y’ and sodium ethanoate. Write the chemical
equation of the reaction involved and name it, giving justification for the name.
OR
(b) (i) Name the simplest saturated hydrocarbon. Draw its electron dot structure. Which
type of bonds exist in this compound ?
(ii) Name any two mixtures of the carbon compound used as a fuel in daily life, of
which the above mentioned compound is an important component.
(iii) In which homologous series of carbon compounds can this compound be placed ?
Write the general formula of the series.
(iv) Which type of flame is produced on burning it ?

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Sol. (a) X → CH3COOH (Acetic Acid)
Y → C2H5OH (Ethanol)
Z → CH3COOC2H5 (Ethyl acetate)
CH3COOH + C2H5OH ⎯⎯
→CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (Esterification reaction)
x y Z
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH ⎯⎯
→CH3COONa + C2H5OH
Z y

Above mentioned reaction is known as saponification Reaction.

OR
(b) (i) Methane is the simplest saturated hydrocarbon.
H

x
H x C x H
x

Single covalent bonds exist in methane.

(ii) CH4 (Methane) and C2H6 (Ethane) are mixed to form Natural gas, which is a fuel
in daily life. CH4 is the main component of Natural gas.
(iii) Methane can be placed in homologous series of alkane family.
General formula → CnH2n+2
(iv) Blue coloured flame is produced, when Methane (CH4) gas is burnt.

35. (a) (i) List three points of difference between nervous and hormonal mechanisms for
control and coordination in animals.
(ii) How are auxins related with the bending of plant shoot towards unidirectional
light ? Explain.
OR
(b) (i) Name the disorder which a person is likely to suffer from due to the following :
(I) Over-secretion of growth hormone
(II) Deficiency of oestrogen in females
(III) Less secretion of thyroxine
Also name the gland that secretes each of the hormones mentioned above
(ii) How is the timing and amount of hormone released regulated ? Explain with the
help of an example.

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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
35. (a) (i)
Difference between Nervous and Hormonal Coordination
Nervous Coordination Hormonal Coordination
It is sent as an electrical impulse It is sent as a chemical messenger
along axons and as a chemical across via blood stream.
synapse.
Information travels rapidly in milli Information travels slowly.
seconds.
Information is directed to specific Information is spread throughout
receptors–one or a few nerve fibres, the body by blood from which the
gland cells or other neurons. target cells or organs pick it up.
It gets response immediately. It gets response usually slowly.
Its effects are short-lived. Its effects are generally more
prolonged.
(ii) When growing plants detect light, a hormone called auxin, synthesized at shoot
tip, helps the cells to grow longer.
When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady
side of the shoot.
This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the
shoot which is away from light. Thus, the plant appears to bend towards light.

OR
(b) (i)
(I) Growth hormones are released by anterior pituitary gland which regulates the
growth of body. Due to over secretion of growth hormone it leads to gigantism.
(II) Oestrogen hormones are released by ovary in females which causes development
of sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics in females. Due to
deficiency of oestrogen, menstrual cycle becomes irregular.
(III) Thyroxine is released by thyroid glands. It controls carbohydrate, protein and fat
metabolism. It regulate BMR [Basal metabolic rate]. Due to less secretion it may
cause goitre.
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(ii) Feedback mechanism is a
Negative Pancreas High blood
regulatory mechanism in which glucose
feedback
presence of certain level of
Direct Feedback
substance promotes or inhibits
its further formation. Hormone Decreased blood Increased
glucose Insulin release
regulation is mostly done by
feedback mechanism. A good
example of negative feedback is Increased
the hormone insulin. Insulin is a Cellular uptake
hormone produce by the of glucose

pancreas. Insulin is released Feedback mechanism

when the amount of glucose in the blood goes up. It stimulates the target cells to
take glucose out of the blood which is utilized in cell respiration or is stored as
glycogen. When cells take up glucose from the blood this makes the glucose level
normal. With fall in blood glucose level insulin secretion decreases. This checks
the further fall in blood glucose level. So, the negative feedback work to keep the
blood glucose level normal.
36. (a) Name the type of mirror that should be used to obtain the following types of images:
(i) A magnified and virtual image of an object
(ii) A diminished and virtual image of an object
(b) Draw labelled ray diagrams to justify your answers in each case mentioned above.
(c) Which of these mirrors can also be used to obtain a magnified and real image of an
object ? State the position of the object in this case .
Sol. (a) (i) Concave mirror
(ii) Convex mirror
(b) (i) Image formation by a concave mirror, when the objects is held between pole and
focus.

A
'
A
C
F B P B
'

(ii) Image formation by a convex mirror when object is held between infinity and the
pole.

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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)

A'

B P B' F C

(c) Magnified and real image can be obtained by a concave mirror, when the object is held
between focus and pole.

SECTION E
The following questions are source – based / case based questions. Read the case carefully and
answer the questions that follow .

37. The teacher while conducting practicals in the laboratory divided the students into three
groups and gave them various solutions to find out their pH and classify them into acidic,
basic and neutral solutions .
Group A - Lemon juice, vinegar, colourless aerated drink
Group B - Tomato juice, coffee, ginger juice
Group C - Sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, lime water
(a) For the solutions provided, which group is / are likely to have pH value (i) less than 7,
and (ii) greater than 7 ?
(b) List two ways of determining pH of a solution
(c) Explain, why the sour substances such as lemon juice are effective in cleaning the
tarnished copper vessels.
OR
(c) “pH has great importance in our daily life.” Justify this statement by giving two
examples.
Sol. (a) (i) Group A & Group B are likely to have PH value less than 7.
(ii) Group C is likely to have PH value greater than 7.
(b) (i) By using universal Indicator
(ii) By using Formula PH = –log[H+]
(c) Lemon juice being acidic in nature neutralises basic copper carbonate layer formed on
copper vessel, thus this layer is removed and copper vessel appears with clear shine
again.
OR
(C) (i) Plants and animals are PH sensitive : Living organisms can survive only in narrow
range of PH change.
(ii) PH of the soil : Plants require specific PH range of soil for their normal growth.

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SCIENCE
38. All the reproductive methods of living organisms are broadly categorized into two types :
1. Asexual reproduction, and 2. Sexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction involves the participation of a single parent without the formation
of gametes, fertilisation and transfer of genetic material. This method is a common means
of rapidly increasing offsprings under favourable conditions.
(a) Name the type of fission that occurs in Leishmania and Plasmodium.
(b) Write one advantage of sexual mode of reproduction over asexual reproduction.
(c) Give reasons why :
(i) Colonies of yeast fail to multiply in water but multiply in sugar solution.
(ii) Rhizopus individuals do not grow on a dry slice of bread.
OR
(c) Name the filamentous structures a student could identify when he collected water from
a pond that appeared dark green. How do these organisms multiply ? Explain.
Sol. (a) Binary fission in Leishmania and multiple fission in Plasmodium.
(b) More genetic variations arises due to sexual reproduction within a species.
Consequently, genetic variations can lead to evolutionary advancement over asexual
reproduction .
(c) (i) Colonies of yeast will multiply in sugar solution because sugar is an organic
molecule which provides energy for all life processes which are essential for
survival .
(ii) In Rhizopus spores are found. These spores are covered by thick walls. For
growing these spores individuals need moist surface and so they can begin to
grow. In absence of moisture or in dry slice of bread, spores would not grow.
OR
(c) The filamentous structure observed by the student is of spirogyra.
In this process an organism breaks up into two or more fragments and each fragment
develops into an adult organism. e.g. Spirogyra. This process is called fragmentation.

Spirogyra

Fragmentation in Spirogyra

Spirogyra, simply breaks up into smaller pieces upon maturation which grows into new
individuals.
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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
39. Consider the following electrical circuit diagram in which nine identical resistors of 3
each are connected as shown. If the reading of the ammeter A1 is 1 ampere, answer the
following questions :
+ + 3 +
V1 V2 A2
I2

3 3 3
I1 3 3 + I3
+ A1 A3
P 3 Q 3 R 3 S

+ –
(a) What is the relationship between the readings of A1 and A3 ? Give reasons for your
answer
(b) What is the relationship between the readings of A2 and A3 ?
(c) Determine the reading of the voltmeter V1
OR
(c) Find the total resistance of the circuit.
Sol.
+ – + – 3 +
V1 V2 A2
I2

3 3 3
I1 3 3 + I3
+ A1 – A3
P 3 Q 3 R 3 S

+ –

(a) Readings of [A1 = A3] as RPQ, RQR and RRS are connected in series with the two ammeters
A1 and A3, also we know that in series combination current remain same.
(b) As in equal resistors connected in parallel current remain the same.
1 
Between points PQ in each branch current will remain  A 
2 

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SCIENCE
1 
Between points QR will remain  A  in each branch and between points RS will
3 
1 
remain  A  in each branch
4 
1 I
Hence I2 = = 3
4 4
So, [A3 = 4A2]
 3 
(c)  V1 = VPQ = 1A ( R PQ ) = 1   = 1.5V 
 2 
OR
(c) For the parallel combination shown,
 3   3   3 
 R PQ = 2  ;  R QR = 3 = 1  ;  R RS = 4 
     
3 3 6 + 4 + 3 13 
(R = R PQ + R QR + R RS ) =  + 1 + =
eq = 
2 4 4 4 
 13 
R eq = 4  
 

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