EX.

NO: 1 EXPLORE THE FEATURES OF MS-EXCEL

DATE :

Aim:

To study the features of MS Excel.

Features of Ms-Excel:

Microsoft excel is an integrated electronic spread sheet program developed by Microsoft

corporation.
It includes the following features.
 Autocalc: This feature is very useful to sum a group of numbers is selected them. Their
sum will automatically appear in the status area.
 Auto complete: Excel now intelligence to anticipate what you are going to type! Based
upon entries you’ve already made, AutoComplete will try to Digure out what you
intended to type, once you’ve entered few letters.
 Autocorrect: Excel can support automatically correct mistakes.

 Better Drag-and-Drop: Do you want to move a group of cells? Excel’s drag and drop
feature lets you reposition selected portion of your spreadsheet by simply dragging
them with your mouse.

 Cell tips and Scroll Tips: To help you get around better with mouse, Excel now
includes scroll tips. When you click and drag a scroll bar, a small window tells you what
row or column you are heading for.

 Number Formatting: It’s easy to format numbers with excel’s new number formatting
feature. Select your numbers and choose cells command from format menu.
 Templates and Template wizard: Excel’s template facility has been greatly enhanced.
You can choose from a variety of elegantly designed templates for your home or
business. You can even have a template wizard link your worksheets to a database.
 Shared Lists: you can now have worksheets that are shared simultaneously over a
network.
 Conditional Formatting: Conditional formatting helps users to quickly focus on
important aspects of a spreadsheet or to highlight errors and to identify important
patterns in data.

 Sorting and Filtering: Excel spreadsheets help us make sense of large amounts of data.
To make it easier to Dind what you need, you can reorder the data or pick out just the
data you need, based on parameters you set within Excel. Sorting and Diltering your
data will save you time and make your spreadsheet more effective.
 Excel Charts:Excel charts help you communicate insights & information with ease. By
choosing your charts wisely and formatting them cleanly, you can convey a lot.
EX. NO: 2(i) NUMERICAL OPERATIONS (MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, SQRT, ROUND)

DATE :

Aim:

To get the input from user and perform numerical operations like MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, SQRT,
ROUND using MS Excel.

Description:

i. The Average function calculates the average, or arithmetic mean, of its arguments.

ii. The Max function Dinds the maximum value.

iii. The Min function Dinds the minimum value.

iv. The Sum function calculates the sum of its arguments.

v. The SQRT(number) calculates the square root of given number.

vi. The ROUND function rounds a number to a speciDied number of digits.

Formulas:

SUM(number1, [number2], …)

AVERAGE(number1, [number2], …)

MAX(B2:B6)

MIN(B2:B6)

SQRT(number)

ROUND(number, num_digits)
 OUTPUT:

Result:
Thus, the numerical operations on exploratory data analysis were successfully executed and
verified.
EX. NO: 2(ii) IMPORT/EXPORT OPERATIONS

DATE :

Aim:

To perform data import/export operations for different Dile formats.

Description:

Import Data:

1. CSV (Comma-Separated Values):


Open Excel.

Go to the "Data" tab.

Click on "Get Data" or "Get External Data," then select "From Text" or "Get Data > From Text."

Choose your CSV Dile, and follow the import wizard.

2. Text Files (Tab-Delimited, Space-Delimited, etc.):


Open Excel.

Go to the "Data" tab.

Click on "Get Data" or "Get External Data," then select "From Text" or "Get Data > From Text."

Choose your TXT Dile, and follow the import wizard.

3. Excel Workbook (XLSX):


Open Excel.

Go to the "File" tab.

Click on "Open," then select your Excel Dile.

Export Data

1. CSV (Comma-Separated Values):

 Select the data you want to export.

 Go to the "File" tab.

 Click on "Save As," choose a location, and select CSV as the Dile format.

2. Excel Workbook (XLSX):

 Select the data you want to export.

 Go to the "File" tab.

 Click on "Save As," choose a location, and select Excel Workbook as the Dile format.

3. Text Files (Tab-Delimited, Space-Delimited, etc.):

 Select the data you want to export.

 Go to the "File" tab.

 Click on "Save As," choose a location, and select the desired text-based format.

4. PDF:
 Select the data you want to export.

 Go to the "File" tab.

 Click on "Save As," choose a location, and select PDF as the Dile format.
Output:

Import:

1. CSV (Comma-Separated Values):

2. Text Files (Tab-Delimited, Space-Delimited, etc.):

3. Excel Workbook (XLSX):

Export Data

1. CSV (Comma-Separated Values):

2. Excel Workbook (XLSX):

3. Text Files (Tab-Delimited, Space-Delimited, etc.):

 4. PDF:

Result:
Thus, the import/export operations were successfully executed and verified.
EX. NO: 3 PERFORM STATISTICAL OPERATIONS

DATE :

Aim:

To perform statistical operations like mean, mode, standard deviation, skewness and
kurtosis by using MS Excel.

Description:

Mean :

Mean is also known as average of all the numbers in the data set which is calculated
by below equation.

Median :

Median is mid value in this ordered data set.

Mode :

Mode is the number which occur most often in the data set.Here 150 is occurring
twice so this is our mode.

Variance :

Variance is the numerical values that describe the variability of the observations
from its arithmetic mean and denoted by sigma-squared(σ2 )

Standard Deviation :

It is a measure of dispersion of observation within dataset relative to their mean.It is

square root of the variance and denoted by Sigma (σ) .

Skewness:

The skewness is a measure of symmetry or asymmetry of data distribution.

Kurtosis:

kurtosis measures whether data is heavy-tailed or light-tailed in a distribution.

Procedure:
1. If you haven't already installed the Analysis ToolPak , Click the Microsoft Office
button, then click on the Excel Options , and then select Add-Ins , Click Go, check
the Analysis ToolPak box, and click Ok.

2. Select Data tab, then click on the Data Analysis option, then selects Descriptive
Statistics from the list and Click Ok. [Data tab >> Data Analysis >> Descriptive
Statistics].
 OUTPUT:

Result:
Thus, the statistical operations were successfully performed and verified.
EX. NO: 4 PERFORM Z-TEST, T-TEST & ANOVA

DATE :

Aim:

To perform Z-test, T-test & ANOVA using MS Excel.

Description:

T-Test:

The t-Test is used to test the null hypothesis that the means of two populations are equal.

Procedure:

1. First, perform an F-Test to determine if the variances of the two populations are
equal. This is not the case.
2. On the Data tab, in the Analysis group, click Data Analysis.

3. Select t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances and click OK.

4. Click in the Variable 1 Range box and select the range A2:A7.

5. Click in the Variable 2 Range box and select the range B2:B6.

6. Click in the Hypothesized Mean Difference box and type 0 (H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0).

7. Click in the Output Range box and select cell E1.

8. Click OK.
Z-Test:

The Z.TEST function is one such hypothesis test function. It tests the mean of the two
sample data sets when the variance is known and the sample size is large.

Procedure:

1. First, we need to calculate the variables for these two values using the
VAR.P function.

2. Go to the “Data” tab and click “Data Analysis.”

3. For the “Variable 1 Range,” select “Student 1” scores. For the “Variable 2
Range,” select “Student 2” scores.

4. For “Variable 1 Variance(known),” select “Student 1” variance score, and

for “Variable 2 Variance(known),” select “Student 2” variance score.

5. Select the “Output Range” as a cell and press “OK.

ANOVA Test:

A single factor or one-way ANOVA is used to test the null hypothesis that the means of
several populations are all equal.

Procedure:

1. On the Data tab, in the Analysis group, click Data Analysis.

2. Select Anova: Single Factor and click OK.

3. Click in the Input Range box and select the range A2:C10.

4. Click in the Output Range box and select cell E1.

5. Click OK.
Output:

T-Test:

Z-Test:
 Anova Test:

Result:
Thus, the Z-test, T-test, and ANOVA were successfully performed and verified.
EX. NO: 5(i) PERFORM DATA PRE-PROCESSING OPERATIONS - HANDLING
MISSING DATA
DATE :

Aim:

To Perform data pre-processing operations - Handling Missing data by using MS Excel.

Description:

Handling missing data is an essential step in data pre-processing. In Microsoft Excel, you
can perform various operations to handle missing data effectively. Here are some common
techniques:

1. Identify Missing Data:

Using Conditional Formatting:

1. Select the range containing your data.

2. Go to the "Home" tab.

3. Click on "Conditional Formatting" and choose "Highlight Cells Rules" > "Text
that Contains..."

4. Enter an empty space as the text and choose a formatting style.

Using COUNTBLANK Function:

1. Create a new column next to your data.

2. Use the formula =COUNTBLANK(A2) to count blank cells in column A.

3. Apply this formula for the entire column.

2. Remove Rows with Missing Data:

Using Filter:

1. Click on the Dilter icon in the header of the column with missing data.

2. Unselect the checkbox for blank values to hide rows with missing data.
3. Copy the visible data or delete the rows.

Using Data > Sort & Filter > Filter:

1. Enable the Dilter for the entire dataset.

2. Filter out or delete rows with missing data.

3. Replace Missing Data:

Using Formulas:

1. Use IF or IFERROR functions to replace missing data.

2. For example, =IF(ISBLANK(A2), "Replacement Value", A2).

4. Interpolate Missing Data:

Using Trendline:

1. Create a scatter plot with your data.

2. Add a trendline.

3. Display the equation on the chart and use it to interpolate missing values.
Output:

1. Identify Missing Data:

Using COUNTBLANK

Function:

2. Remove Rows with Missing

Data: Using Filter:

Using Data > Sort & Filter > Filter:

3. Replace Missing

Data: Using Formulas:

4. Interpolate Missing

Data: Using Trendline:

Result:
Thus, the data preprocessing operations for handling missing data were successfully performed and
verified.
EX. NO: 5(ii) PERFORM DATA PRE-PROCESSING OPERATIONS - NORMALIZATION

DATE :

Aim:

To perform data pre-processing operations – Normalization using MS Excel.

Description:

To “normalize” a set of data values means to scale the values such that the mean of all of the
values is 0 and the standard deviation is 1.

The formula that we used to normalize a given data value, x, was as follows:

Normalized value = (x – x) / s

where
,
x = data value

x = mean of dataset

s = standard deviation of dataset

If a particular data point has a normalized value greater than 0, it’s an indication that the
data point is greater than the mean. Conversely, a normalized value less than 0 is an
indication that the data point is less than the mean.

Procedure:

1. Find the mean by using the =AVERAGE(range of values) function to Dind the
mean of the dataset.

2. Find the standard deviation by using the =STDEV(range of values) function to

Dind the standard deviation of the dataset.

3. Normalize the values by using the STANDARDIZE(x, mean, standard_dev) function

to normalize each of the values in the dataset.
 Output:

Result:
Thus, the data preprocessing operations for normalization were successfully performed and verified.
EX. NO: 6 PERFORM DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION OPERATION USING
PCA, KPCA & SVD
DATE:

Aim:

To perform dimensionality reduction operation using PCA, KPCA & SVD using MS
Excel
.

Description:

1. Principal Component Analysis (PCA):

PCA involves eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix.

Steps for manual PCA:

1. Calculate the covariance matrix.

2. Find the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix.

3. Select the top-k eigenvectors corresponding to the largest eigenvalues.

4. Multiply the original data by the selected eigenvectors to obtain the

reduced- dimensional representation.

2. Kernel PCA (KPCA):

1. KPCA involves applying the kernel trick to extend PCA for non-linear data.

2. Performing KPCA manually in Excel is complex and may not be practical.

3. Consider using programming languages with libraries that support KPCA, such as
scikit- learn in Python.

3. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD):

1. SVD decomposes a matrix into three other matrices, representing the singular
vectors and singular values.

2. While Excel has a singular value decomposition function (SVD), it may not be
sufDicient for more advanced applications.
3. Manual steps for SVD:

4. Decompose the data matrix into U, Σ, and V matrices.

5. Select the top-k singular values and corresponding singular vectors.

6. Reconstruct the data using the selected components.

 Output:

PCA:

Result:
Thus, the dimensionality reduction operations using PCA, KPCA, and SVD were successfully
performed and verified.
EX. NO: 7 PERFORM BIVARIATE AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS ON THE
DATASET
DATE:

Aim:

To perform bivariate and multivariate analysis on the dataset by using MS Excel.

Description:

Bivariate analysis

Bivariate analysis is the simultaneous analysis of two variables. It explores the concept of
the relationship between two variables whether there exists an association and the
strength of this association or whether there are differences between two variables and the
signiDicance of these differences.

Procedure:

1. Organize Your Data

2. Open the Data Analysis Tool

3. Select the “Regression” Option

4. Choose Your Input Range

5. Choose Your Output Range

6. Interpret the Results

Multivariate Analysis

It is an extension of bivariate analysis which means it involves multiple variables at the

same time to Dind correlation between them. Multivariate Analysis is a set of statistical
models that examine patterns in multidimensional data by considering at once, several data
variable.
Procedure:

1. Organize Your Data

2. Open the Data Analysis Tool

3. Select the “Regression” Option

4. Choose Your Input Range

5. Choose Your Output Range

6. Check the Residuals Box

7. Interpret the Results

 Output:

Multivariate:

Result:
Thus, the bivariate and multivariate analysis on the dataset were successfully performed and
verified.
EX. NO: 8 APPLY AND EXPLORE VARIOUS PLOTTING FUNCTIONS ON THE
DATA SET.
DATE:

Aim:

To apply and explore various plotting functions on the data set by using MS-Excel.

Description:

1. Bar/Column Graphs

A bar graph shows information about two or more groups. Bar graphs are mainly used to
make comparisons across a range.

2. Pie Graphs

A pie chart is nothing but a circular graph representing data in the form of a pie/circle. It is
divided into different sections, each one representing a proportion of the whole.

3. Line Graphs

A line graph is formed by connecting a series of values/data points using straight lines. A
line graph can be used when you want to check whether the values are increasing or
decreasing over some time.

4. Scatter Plot

A scatter plot, also called a coordinate graph, uses dots to represent the data values for two
different variables, one on each axis. This graph is used to Dind a pattern/ relationship
between two sets of data.

5. Area Chart

An area chart depicts the change of two or more data points over time. They are similar to
the line charts, except the area charts are Dilled with color below the line. This chart is
useful to visualize the area of various series relative to each other.
Output:

Dataset:

Resident Total Resident

Census Resident
Population Total
State Total Population
Estimate - Population
- AB:Qr-1-2000
Jul-1-2000 Estimate -
Jul-1-2001

Alabama 4447100 4451493 4464356

Alaska 626932 627601 634892
Arizona 5130632 5165274 5307331
Arkansas 2673400 2678030 2692090
California 33871648 34000446 34501130
Colorado 4301261 4323410 4417714
Connecticut 3405565 3410079 3425074
Delaware 783600 786234 796165
District of
Columbia 572059 571066 571822

Florida 15982378 16054328 16396515

Georgia 8186453 8229823 8383915
Hawaii 1211537 1212281 1224398
Idaho 1293953 1299258 1321006
Illinois 12419293 12435970 12482301
Indiana 6080485 6089950 6114745
Iowa 2926324 2927509 2923179
Kansas 2688418 2691750 2694641
Kentucky 4041769 4047424 4065556
Louisiana 4468976 4469970 4465430
Maine 1274923 1276961 1286670
Maryland 5296486 5310908 5375156
Massachusetts 6349097 6357072 6379304
Michigan 9938444 9952006 9990817
Minnesota 4919479 4931093 4972294
1. Bar/Column Graphs

2. Pie Graphs

Census
Resident
Total
Populatio
n-
AB:Qr-1-2
000

AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColorado ConnecticutDelawareDistrict of
ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaii IdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentucky
LouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesota
3. Line Graphs

4. Scatter Plot
 5. Area Chart

Result:
Thus, the application and exploration of various plotting functions on the dataset were successfully
performed and verified.
EX. NO: 9 FEATURES OF POWER BI DESKTOP

DATE :

Aim:

To Study the Features of Power BI Desktop.

Power BI Desktop

Power BI Desktop is a free application you install on your local computer that lets you connect
to, transform, and visualize your data. With Power BI Desktop, you can connect to multiple different
sources of data, and combine them (often called modeling) into a data model. This data model lets
you build visuals, and collections of visuals you can share as reports, with other people inside your
organization. Most users who work on business intelligence projects use Power BI Desktop to
create reports, and then use the Power BI service to share their reports with others.

The most common uses for Power BI Desktop are as follows:


Connect to data.

Transform and clean data to create a data model.
 
Create visuals, such as charts or graphs that provide visual representations
of the data.

Create reports that are collections of visuals on one or more report pages.

Share reports with others by using the Power BI service.

People who are responsible for such tasks are often considered data analysts (sometimes
referred to as analysts) or business intelligence professionals (often referred to as report
creators). Many people who don't consider themselves an analyst or a report creator use
Power BI Desktop to create compelling reports, or to pull data from various sources. They
can build data models, and then share the reports with their coworkers and organizations.

There are three views available in Power BI Desktop, which you select on the left side of the
canvas. The views, shown in the order they appear, are as follows:

Report: You create reports and visuals, where most of your creation time is
spent.

Data: You see the tables, measures, and other data used in the data model
associated with your report, and transform the data for best use in the report's
model.

Model: You see and manage the relationships among tables in your data
model.

Connect to data

To get started with Power BI Desktop, the Dirst step is to connect to data. There are many
different data sources you can connect to from Power BI Desktop.

To connect to data:

1. From the Home ribbon, select Get Data > More.

The Get Data window appears, showing the many categories to which Power
BI Desktop can connect.
2. When you select a data type, you're prompted for information, such as the URL and
credentials, necessary for Power BI Desktop to connect to the data source on your
behalf.
 3. After you connect to one or more data sources, you may want to transform the
data so it's useful for you.

Transform and clean data, create a model

With Power Query Editor, you make changes to your data, such as changing a data type,
removing columns, or combining data from multiple sources. It's like sculpting: you start
with a large block of clay (or data), then shave off pieces or add others as needed, until the
shape of the data is how you want it.

To start Power Query Editor:


On the Home ribbon, in the Queries section, select Transform data.

Create visuals

After you have a data model, you can drag fields onto the report canvas to create visuals. A

visual is a graphic representation of the data in your model. There are many different types

of visuals to choose from in Power BI Desktop. The following visual shows a simple column

chart.
Create reports

A collection of visuals, in one Power BI Desktop Dile, is called a report. A report can have
one or more pages, just like an Excel Dile can have one or more worksheets. With Power BI
Desktop you can create complex and visually rich reports, using data from multiple sources,
all in one report that you can share with others in your organization.
EX. NO: 10 PREPARE & LOAD DATA

DATE :

Aim:

To prepare & Load data by using Power BI.

Procedure:

1. Connect to a Data Source:

Open Power BI Desktop:

Launch Power BI Desktop on your computer.

Get Data:
 Click on "Home" in the Power BI ribbon.

 Click on "Get Data" to choose a data source.

Select Data Source:

Choose the type of data source you want to connect to (e.g., Excel, SQL Server,
SharePoint, etc.).

Connect to Data Source:

 Provide the necessary connection details (server, database, credentials, etc.).

 Click "OK" or "Connect" to establish the connection.

2. Transform and Shape Data:

Query Editor:

Power BI will open the Query Editor, where you can transform and shape your data.

Clean and Transform Data:

 Use the Query Editor tools to clean, Dilter, and transform the data as needed.

 You can remove unnecessary columns, Dilter rows, replace values, etc.
Merge and Append Queries:

If needed, you can merge tables or append queries to combine data from multiple sources.

Data Types and Formatting:

Adjust data types and formatting to ensure accurate analysis.

3. Load Data into Power BI:

Close Query Editor:

Once you're done with data transformation, close the Query Editor.

Load Data:

 Click on "Home" in the Power BI ribbon.

 Click on "Close & Apply" to load the data into Power BI.

Data Model:

Power BI will create a data model based on the loaded data.

4. Visualize and Analyze Data:

Create Visualizations:

Use the Fields pane to drag and drop Dields onto the report canvas to create visualizations.

Customize Visualizations:

Customize visualizations using the formatting options and visual tools.

Create Relationships:

If you have multiple tables, deDine relationships between them in the data model.

5. Save and Share:

Save Report:

Save your Power BI report (.pbix Dile) to your local machine.

Share Report:

Share the report with others by publishing it to the Power BI service or exporting it in
different formats.
OUTPUT:
Result:
The data preparation and loading process in Power BI Desktop was successfully executed, enabling
further analysis and visualization of the data.
 EX. NO: 11 DEVELOP THE DATA MODEL

DATE :

Aim:

To develop the data model by using Power BI.

Procedure:

1. Load Data:

1. Connect to Data Source:

Open Power BI Desktop.

Click on "Home" and select "Get Data" to connect to your data source.

2.Transform and Load Data:

Use the Query Editor to clean, transform, and shape the data as needed.

Click on "Close & Apply" to load the data into Power BI.

2. Create Relationships:

1. Manage Relationships:

Go to the "Data" view by clicking on the "Data" icon in the left sidebar.

2. Degine Relationships:

Identify common Dields between tables and create relationships.

Select a Dield in one table and drag it to the corresponding Dield in another table.

3. Manage Relationships Dialog:

Fine-tune relationships using the "Manage Relationships" dialog (click on "Model" in the
left sidebar and then "Manage Relationships").

3. Degine Calculated Columns:

1. Add Calculated Columns:

In the "Data" view, select a table.

Click on "Modeling" in the left sidebar, and then click on "New Column" to create calculated
columns.

2. Write Formulas:

Write DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) formulas to create calculated columns based on
existing data.

4. Create Measures:

1. Add Measures:

In the "Data" view, select a table.

Click on "Modeling" in the left sidebar, and then click on "New Measure" to create measures.

2. Write DAX Formulas:

Write DAX formulas to create measures for aggregations, calculations, and other analytics.

5. Organize Data Model:

1. Manage Fields:

Arrange tables and Dields in the "Fields" pane for better organization.

2. Hide Unnecessary Fields:

Hide Dields that are not needed for analysis.

6. Test and Validate:

1. Test Relationships and Formulas:

Test relationships by creating visuals that involve multiple tables.

Validate calculated columns and measures by checking the

results.

7. Enhance Model Performance:

1. Optimize Model:

Remove unnecessary columns and tables to improve model performance.

2. Use Proper Data Types:

Ensure that data types are set correctly for each column.
 Output:

Result:
Successfully developed the data model in Power BI Desktop, incorporating the prepared data and
establishing relationships to support analysis and visualization.
 EX. NO: 12 DAX CALCULATIONS

DATE :

Aim:

To perform DAX calculations using Power BI.

Procedure:

1. Create Calculated Columns:


Open Power BI Desktop:

Launch Power BI Desktop and open your Power BI Dile (.pbix).


Go to Data View:

Click on "Data" in the left sidebar to view your data tables.


Create Calculated Column:

Select the table in which you want to create a calculated column.

Go to the "Modeling" tab in the ribbon.

Click on "New Column."

Enter a name for the column and write your DAX formula.

2. Create Measures:

 Go to Data View or Report View:

Click on "Data" or "Report" in the left sidebar.


Create Measure:

Go to the "Modeling" tab in the ribbon.

Click on "New Measure."

Enter a name for the measure and write your DAX formula.

3. Time Intelligence Functions:

YTD_Sales = TOTALYTD([TotalSales], 'Date'[Date])

Avg3MonthSales = AVERAGEX(DATESINPERIOD('Date'[Date], LASTDATE('Date'[Date]), -3,

MONTH), [TotalSales])

4. Filter and Row Context:

SalesInNorthRegion = CALCULATE([TotalSales], 'Sales'[Region] = "North")

5. Statistical Functions:

SalesStdev = STDEV.P('Sales'[SalesAmount]

6. Text Functions:

This creates a calculated column, "FullName," by concatenating the FirstName and

LastName columns.
 Output:

Result:
Successfully implemented DAX calculations in Power BI Desktop, enabling advanced analysis and
insights into the data.
 EX. NO: 13 DESIGN A REPORT

DATE :

Aim:

To design a report by Power BI.

Procedure:

1. Connect to Data:

Open Power BI Desktop:

Launch Power BI Desktop and open your Power BI Dile (.pbix).


Connect to Data:

Click on "Home" and select "Get Data" to connect to your data source.


Transform and Load Data:

Use the Query Editor to clean and transform the data as needed.

Click on "Close & Apply" to load the data into Power BI.

2. Create Visualizations:

 Go to Report View:

Click on "Report" in the left sidebar.


Choose Visuals:

Drag and drop visualizations from the Visualizations pane onto the report canvas.

Common visuals include tables, charts, maps, and cards.


Congigure Visuals:
ConDigure each visual by dragging Dields from the Fields pane to the appropriate well in the
visual.

Adjust visual properties using the formatting options.

3. Arrange and Format:

 Arrange Visuals:

Drag and drop visuals to arrange them on the canvas.

Use the alignment and distribution tools to organize visuals neatly.


Apply Themes:

Use the "View" tab to apply themes for consistent colors and styles across visuals.

Add Titles and Text Boxes:

Use the "Text box" tool to add titles, subtitles, and annotations.

Format text boxes for a polished look.

4. Create Interactivity:

 Add Slicers:

Use slicers to create interactive Dilters.

Drag Dields to the "Slicer" visual to allow users to Dilter data dynamically.

Create Drillthroughs:

Right-click on a data point and select "Drillthrough" to create detailed drillthrough pages.

Use Bookmarks:
Create bookmarks to save speciDic views or states of the report.

Use buttons or other visuals to trigger bookmark actions.

5. Add Insights with Measures:

 Use Measures:

Drag and drop measures from the Fields pane to create dynamic and calculated insights.

Add Trendlines and Reference Lines:

Enhance visuals by adding trendlines or reference lines for better analysis.

6. Review and Test:

 Review the Report:

Review the report layout, formatting, and interactions.


Test Interactivity:

Interact with slicers, buttons, and other interactive elements to ensure they work as
expected.

Save and Share:

 Save the Report:

Save your Power BI Dile (.pbix) to your local machine.


Publish to Power BI Service:

If you want to share the report online, click on "Publish" to publish it to the Power BI
service.


Export Report:

Export the report in different formats (PDF, PowerPoint) for sharing with others.
 Output:

Result:
Successfully designed a comprehensive report in Power BI Desktop, presenting key insights and
trends in the data through interactive visualizations and intuitive navigation options.
 EX. NO: 14 CREATE A DASHBOARD AND PERFORM DATA ANALYSIS

DATE :

Aim:

To create a dashboard and perform data analysis.

Procedure:

1. Connect to Data:

 Open Power BI Desktop:

Launch Power BI Desktop and open your Power BI Dile (.pbix).


Connect to Data:

Click on "Home" and select "Get Data" to connect to your data source.

Transform and Load Data:

Use the Query Editor to clean and transform the data as needed.

Click on "Close & Apply" to load the data into Power BI.

2. Create Visualizations:

 Go to Report View:

Click on "Report" in the left sidebar.


Choose Visuals:

Drag and drop visualizations from the Visualizations pane onto the report canvas.

Common visuals include tables, charts, maps, and cards.


Congigure Visuals:
ConDigure each visual by dragging Dields from the Fields pane to the appropriate well in the
visual.

Adjust visual properties using the formatting options.

3. Build Dashboard:

 Go to Dashboard View:

Click on "Dashboard" in the left sidebar.


Pin Visuals to Dashboard:

Switch back to the Report view.

Select a visual, right-click, and choose "Pin Visual."

Select or create a dashboard to pin the visual to.


Arrange Tiles:

In the Dashboard view, arrange the pinned visuals (tiles) to create a visually appealing
layout.

Add Text Boxes and Images:

Enhance the dashboard by adding text boxes, images, and other elements for context.

4. Create Interactivity:

 Add Slicers:

Use slicers to create interactive Dilters.

Drag Dields to the "Slicer" visual to allow users to Dilter data dynamically.

Create Drillthroughs:

Right-click on a data point and select "Drillthrough" to create detailed drillthrough pages.

Use Bookmarks:

Create bookmarks to save speciDic views or states of the report.

Use buttons or other visuals to trigger bookmark actions.

5. Add Insights with Measures:

 Use Measures:

Drag and drop measures from the Fields pane to create dynamic and calculated insights.

Add Trendlines and Reference Lines:

Enhance visuals by adding trendlines or reference lines for better analysis.

6. Review and Test:

 Review the Report:

Review the report layout, formatting, and interactions.


Test Interactivity:

Interact with slicers, buttons, and other interactive elements to ensure they work as
expected.

Save and Share:

 Save the Report:

Save your Power BI Dile (.pbix) to your local machine.


Publish to Power BI Service:

If you want to share the report online, click on "Publish" to publish it to the Power BI
service.

Export Report:

Export the report in different formats (PDF, PowerPoint) for sharing with others.
Output:
Result:
Successfully created an interactive dashboard in Power BI Desktop, enabling data analysis and
visualization of key insights and trends for informed decision-making.
EX. NO: 15 PRESENTATION OF A CASE STUDY- OPERATIONAL
PROCESS IMPROVEMENT FOR A GROUP OF DENTAL
HOSPITALS
DATE :

Aim:

To present a case study on an Operational Process Improvement for a group of

dental hospitals.

The Challenge

The client wanted to improve their operational processes to make use of Power BI reports
to identify the pitfalls of the processes, take steps to overcome the pitfalls identiDied in
order to maximize their revenue. They also wanted to capture certain traits related to
patients, such as which topographical region showed most patients.

The Solution

We developed a bunch of reports related to their assessment process. Questions like,

who did the initial assessment, intern, doctor or specialist?

Was there a necessity to refer patient to a specialist?

How many more assessments were required for a patient?

We helped them infer an assessment index based on the above information. This traits of
this index helped them identify where they were lacking in their assessment process and
they improved it to a considerable level. Also, they could now predict when and how many
interns to hire.

Other most import factor was treatment. We developed the reports that helped them study
the treatment process. This included analysing the following parameters,

 What was the diagnosis made?

 What treatments were incorporated?

 What medications were involved?

 What were the instruments required for the treatment?

 How many patients were allergic to the treatments?

 What number of patients were in what stage of medical condition?

We helped them infer several treatment indexes by converting the information we

captured into various quick-to-infer charts and graphs. These indexes led them to improve
their diagnosis capabilities, identify what training to provide to interns and doctors, what
medicines to use and keep an appropriate number of instruments in the hospital.

Several other reports, such as a map showing topography of the patients, regularity of
employees, year-year and quarter-quarter revenue, branch wise revenue etc. were also
developed.