Science10 Q1 M2 PDF

10
Science
Quarter 1 - Module 2
Earthquake Epicenter
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science- Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 2 : Earthquake Epicenter
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon
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Development Team of the Module
Author/s : Maria Betty A. Lamban

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Language Editor : Marria Luisa M. Casiño
Reviewers : Ellen A. Azuelo, PhD, Rejynne Mary L. Ruiz, PhD
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Assistant Regional Director
: Randolph B. Tortola, PhD, CESO IV
Schools Division Superintendent
: Shambaeh A. Abantas-Usman, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
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10
Science
Quarter 1 - Module 2
Earthquake Epicenter
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Table of Contents
COVER PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Lesson 1 – Earthquakes and Types of Waves (Day 1)
What I Need to Know 2

What I Know 3
What’s In 5
What’s New 6
What Is It 7
What’s More 8
What I Have Learned 9
What I Can Do 9
Assessment 10
Additional Activities 11
Lesson 2 - Locating the Epicenter (Day 2)

What I Know 13
What’s In 15
What’s New 15
What Is It 15
What’s More 17
What I Can Do 17
Assessment 18
Additional Activities . 20
Lesson 3 - Precautionary Measures (Day 3)

What I Know 22
What’s In 23
What’s New 24
What Is It 24
What’s More 26
What I Can Do 26
Assessment 27
Additional Activities . 28
Assessment 29
Key to Answers 31
References 32
What This Module is About
Introductory Message
Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Earthquake
Epicenter.
To the teachers:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public
schools to assist you, teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the standards set by
the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning for optimal development and understanding. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this module.
To the parents:
As vital partners in education, your support to your children’s learning at home is a great
factor to ensure that they will become successful in what they do. As parents, you are
expected to monitor your children’s progress while they are accomplishing the tasks in this
module while at the same time, ensuring that they learn independently.
The objectives set for this learning material will be certainly accomplished with your
steadfast guidance and support.
To the learners:
This learning resource hopes to engage you into guided and independent learning activities
at your own pace and time. This also aims to help you acquire the needed 21st century skills
while taking into consideration your needs and circumstances.
Furthermore, it is our objective that you will have fun while going through this material. Take
charge of your learning pace and in no time, you will successfully meet the targets and
objectives set in this module which are intended for your ultimate development as a learner
and as a person.
How to Learn from This Module
To achieve the objectives previously highlighted, you, the learner, are to do the following:
1. Take time in reading the lessons thoroughly;
2. Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises carefully; and
3. Answer all the given tests and exercises diligently.
Icons Used in This Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along this
module.
What I Know This section checks your level of knowledge

about the subject matter at hand.
It is meant specifically to gauge your prior
related knowledge.
What’s In This one connects the previous lesson
with that to the current one.
What’s New This serves as an introduction to the new

lesson through the use of meaningful and
engaging activities.
What Is It These contain the discussions of the activi-

ties as a way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.
What’s More These activities do a follow-up which are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have This section gives tasks that process what

Learned you have learned from the previous lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity that helps to

transfer your new knowledge or skill into
real-life situations or concerns.
Assessment This task aims to evaluate your level of mastery
in achieving the learning competency.
Additional Activities This portion offers another activity to enrich your

knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This
also promotes retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains all of the answers to all exercises

found in this module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This previews the list of all sources used in

developing this module.
Guidelines and Reminders

The following are some guidelines and reminders to remember when using this module:
1. Use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer the What I Know section before moving on to the next
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks found in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
- From the Science 10 Module Development

Team
Lesson EARTH AND SPACE
1 Earthquake and Types of Waves
As you have learned from your previous grade, earthquakes are natural
geological phenomena caused by the sudden and rapid movement of large volume
of rock. The violent shaking and destruction caused by earthquakes are the result of
the rupture and slippage along fractures of Earth’s crust called faults.
What happens when an earthquake starts? The sudden release of energy
from an earthquake sends out several different shaking movements, or seismic
waves. In some cases, an earthquake can have foreshocks. These are smaller
earthquakes that happen in the same place where the larger earthquake occurs. On
the other hand, mainshocks are always followed by aftershocks. These are smaller
earthquakes that occur afterwards in the same place as the mainshock. Depending
on the size of the mainshock, aftershocks can continue for weeks, months, or even
years after the mainshock!
Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=4+pics+1+word+earthquake&rlz=1C1CHJW_enPH750PH750&sxsrf=ALeKk03-
NmG4m2L2ttvp0pRd4Jvxcr3oBA:1594258623070&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjX06GXhL_qAhU9xosBHYn
0BqoQ_AUoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1366&bih=576#imgrc=QS1lk86hwREqDM
1
What I Need to Know
This lesson is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Earth and Space. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. Moreover, the lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Define earthquake; and
2. Differentiate body waves from surface waves.
Are you ready? Let us

now start exploring
and discovering the
wonders of the Earth!
2
What I Know (Pretest)
Multiple Choice: Select the best answer from the given choices and write it in
CAPITAL LETTER on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is an earthquake?
I. The shaking and trembling of the Earth’s crust.
II. A man-made calamity.
III. Can be measured through a thermometer.
IV. Systematic waves that are created due to the sudden release of energy in
the Earth crust’s.
A. I and II B. I and IV C. II only D. II and III
2. Why is Philippines prone to experience earthquakes?

A. It is within the Pacific Ring of Fire.
B. The Pacific Ocean causes daily shaking of the archipelago.
C. It has plenty of stored energy in the crust part.
D. The Philippines is in tropical area.
3. What starting point is to be traced to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

A. First P wave and the first S wave
B. Second P wave and the second S wave
C. Third P wave and the third S wave
D. Fourth P wave and the fourth S wave
4. They are the scientists who study earthquakes.

A. Seigmographists B. Seismologists C. Seismologihists D. Seismogists
5. In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of the earthquakes?

A. Away from the focus
B. Through the focus
C. From the core
D. Away from the core
6. What are the possible effects of an earthquake?

I. It may cause buildings to collapse, thus, injuring and killing people.
II. It can destroy roads, railways, bridges and communication lines by
creating cracks in the ground.
III. It can lead to floods and landslides that may harm humans and other
organisms.
IV. It may not cause tsunamis.
A. I and II B. III and IV C. I, II and III D. II, III and IV
3
7. Which of the seismic waves travels the fastest?
A. Instant Wave B. Primary Wave C. Secondary Wave D. Surface Wave
8. Which earthquake waves travel through the outer core?

A. P-waves
B. S-waves
C. P-waves and S-waves
D. Primary and Surface waves
9. Seismology comes from the Greek word “seismos” which means to _________.
A. dance B. shake C. skip D. wave
10. What seismic wave travels horizontally that is transverse to the direction the
wave?
A. Love Wave B. P wave C. Rayleigh Wave D. S wave
11. What seismic wave moves in an elliptical motion that produces both vertical and
horizontal motions?
12. What type of seismic wave is considered as the first signal for an earthquake
to be felt?
13. S waves are also called ________.

A. Sad Wave B. Secret Wave C. Shear Wave D. Shed Wave
14. It is considered to be the slowest wave as it travels on the surface of the Earth.
A. Body Wave B. Sad Wave C. Shed Wave D. Surface Wave
15. Seismic waves start at the .

A. epicenter B. focus C. seismic distance D. seismic gap
4
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you learned about the different active volcanoes which
may cause earthquakes in various regions. You have also learned that an
earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by the movements
of the earth’s crust or volcanic eruption, sometimes leading to great destruction.
Have you ever wondered what makes the Philippines susceptible to

earthquakes?
This is because the Philippines is within the Pacific Ring of Fire. Hence, it is
expected to have more cases of earthquakes and these may happen anytime.
Figure 1.1. Pacific Ring of Fire

Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/plate-tectonics-ring-fire/
5
What’s New
EARTHQUAKE WORD SEARCH
Find all the hidden words related to earthquake in the grid below. The words
may have been arranged in different directions. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
A S B C D E P I C E N T E R G
H E I J K L M N O P Q R S T U
V I W X Y S Z A B C D E F G H
I S J K L M E N O P Q R S T U
Z M V W X Y Z I A B C D E F G
H O J T F B J G S T U H T R D
B S N K H T F D C M J K O U T
D C B B J G Y J K K O U K J N
Q W E R T Y U I O P K L J H G
F D S A Z X C V B N M H O F G
E D C V F R Y H B J M B G G T
A S B C D E P I C F G J M K Y
S U R F A C E W A V E S V G H
H E I J K L M N O N H J Y T F
B O D Y W A V E S N M K L I Y
1.____________________________ 2.____________________________
3.____________________________ 4.____________________________
5.____________________________
6
What Is It
By definition, earthquake is the shaking and trembling of the Earth’s crust

caused by a sudden release of energy. It occurs when rocks along a certain fault line
suddenly move.
The study of earthquakes and the waves they create is called seismology
(from the Greek word “seismos” which means “to shake”). In turn, scientists who
study earthquakes are called seismologists. During an earthquake, a sudden release
of stored energy in the Earth’s crust creates seismic waves. Sometimes they cause
tsunamis and fire which may lead to loss of life and huge damage to property.
How would the sorroundings be affected during an earthquake? As an
earthquake occurs, energy moves out in all directions from the focus. The energy
that is released is carried by a vibration called seismic waves.
There are four (4) main types of seismic waves: P-waves and S-waves (which
are body waves), and Rayleigh and Love waves (which are surface waves).
Body Waves Surface Waves
P-Wave or Primary Wave Love Wave
S-Wave or Secondary Rayleigh Wave
Wave
Types of Body Waves

P-Waves or Primary Waves
P-Waves or primary waves travel faster than other
seismic waves. It is considered as the first signal from an
earthquake to be felt. This may be transmitted through
gases, liquids and solids.
S-Waves or Secondary waves

S-Waves or secondary waves are a type of Figure 1.2. P and S Wave
Source:
elastic wave and are one of the two main types of https://www.exploratorium.edu/faultline/basics/waves.html
elastic body waves. It is also called as shear waves.
The distance between the beginning of the first P wave and the first S wave
tells you how many seconds the waves are apart. This number will be used to tell
you how far your seismograph is from the epicenter of the earthquake.
Types of Surface Waves
Love Wave
Love Wave is named after Augustus Edward
Hough Love. It has a horizontal motion that is
transverse to the direction the wave is travelling and
is considered to be the fastest surface wave and
moves the ground from side to side.
7
Figure 1.3. Love and Rayleigh Wave
Source: https://www.exploratorium.edu/faultline/basics/waves.html
Rayleigh Wave
Rayleigh Waves move in an elliptical motion, producing both vertical and
horizontal motions. This moves the ground up and down and side to side in the same
direction that the wave is moving. It is named after Lord Rayleigh (John William
Strutt).
What’s More
Activity 1
(Let’s Infer!)
Fig. 1.1 Damaged Building Fig. 1.2 Tsunami Fig.1.3 Fire
Based on the pictures given above, what can you infer about all of them as a whole?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Activity 2
(Draw me)
In the box below, illustrate the seismic waves and give a short explanation for
each of them.
Illustration Explanation
8
What I Have Learned
Fill in the boxes with the necessary information to complete the concept about
seismic waves. (15 points)
Earthquake
Seismic Waves
What I Can Do
As a concerned citizen and an informed individual, what can you do to help your
neighbor during an earthquake. Give at least five (5) steps/actions that you can do to
help them. (3 points each)
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
9
Assessment (Posttest)
CAPITAL LETTER on a separate sheet of paper
1. Why is Philippines prone to experience earthquakes?

A. It is within the Pacific Ring of Fire.
B. The Pacific Ocean causes daily shaking of the archipelago.
C. It has plenty of stored energy in the crust part.
D. The Philippines is in tropical area.
2. What is an earthquake?
I. The shaking and trembling of the Earth’s crust.
II. A man-made calamity.
III.Can be measured through a thermometer.
IV.Systematic waves that are created due to the sudden release of energy in
the Earth crust’s.
A. I and II B. I and IV C. II only D. II and III
3. In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of the earthquakes?
A. Away from the focus

B. Through the focus
C. From the core
D. Away from the core
4. What are the possible effects of an earthquake?

I. It may cause buildings to collapse, thus, injuring and killing people.
II. It can destroy roads, railways, bridges and communication lines by
creating cracks in the ground.
III. It can lead to floods and landslides that may harm humans and other
organisms.
IV. It may not cause tsunamis.
A. I and II B. III and IV C. I, II and III D. II, III and IV
5. . What starting point is to be traced to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

10
6. They are the scientists who study earthquakes.

A. Seigmographists B. Seismologists C. Seismologihists D. Seismogists
7. What seismic wave travels horizontally that is transverse to the direction the
wave?
8. Which earthquake waves travel through the outer core?

A. P-waves C. P-waves and S-waves
B. S-waves D. Primary and Surface waves
9. Seismology comes from the Greek word “seismos” which means to _________.
A. dance B. shake C. skip D. wave

A. Instant Wave B. Primary Wave C. Secondary Wave D. Surface Wave
11. What seismic wave moves in an elliptical motion, thus producing both vertical
and horizontal motions?
12. Seismic waves start at the .

A. epicenter B. focus C. seismic distance D. seismic gap
13. S waves are also called ________.

A. Sad Wave B. Secret Wave C. Shear Wave D. Shed Wave
14. It is considered to be the slowest wave as it travels on the surface of the Earth.
A. Body Wave B. Sad Wave C. Shed Wave D. Surface Wave
15. What type of seismic wave is considered as the first signal for an earthquake
to be felt?
Additional Activities
Make a list of at least five (5) materials or equipments that everyone must
prepare before an earthquake occurs.
11
1. ______________ 4. ______________
2. ______________ 5. ______________
3. ______________
Lesson EARTH AND SPACE
2 Locating the Epicenter
Seismologists can locate the epicenter of an earthquake by using triangulation

method. When seismic data is collected from at least three (3) different locations, it
can be used to determine the epicenter of an earthquake by where it intersects.
Hence, scientists need at least three (3) seismic stations to clearly identify the
location.
What I Need to Know
In this particular lesson, you will be

able to learn about locating the
epicenter and hypocenter; Identify the
different scales used in determining the
magnitude an earthquake.
This lesson will help you master the nature of Earth and Space, specifically
locating the earthquake’s epicenter. The scope of this module is geared towards its
usability in various learning situations; its language is adapted to the needs of
diverse learners; and its lessons do agree to the sequences of the course. Also, its
order is flexible and can be changed depending on the textbook you are currently
using.

1. Differentiate epicenter from hypocenter of an earthquake; and
2. Identify the different measurements used to determinine the
magnitude of an earthquake.
12
1. By determining the starting point, we can locate the epicenter of an earthquake.

Which waves should we trace first?
2. When will an earthquake occur?

A. Air on the ground evaporates along a fault.
B. Rocks underground suddenly breaks along a fault.
C. Soil on the ground was suddenly eroded by a flash flood.
D. Water underground usually breaks along a fault.
3. What is the exact location of the epicenter on the surface of the Earth?
A. Beneath where the earthquake starts.
B. Directly above where the earthquake starts.
C. Located at the center where the earthquake starts.
D. Right beside where the earthquake starts.
4. What will be the starting point to be traced to locate the epicenter of an

earthquake?
5. The significance of locating an earthquake’s epicenter is to ______________.

A. identify the fault that did not rupture causing the earthquake.
B. increase the confidence in the hazard exhibiting in the area.
C. locate the epicenter that can be used as plate boundary.
D. lessen the confidence in the hazard exhibiting in the area.
13
6. If a Magnitude 10 earthquakes occur, what are its possible effects?
A. destroys some well-built wooden structures
B. felt by only a few
C. not felt by many
D. slight damages to specially designed structures
7. What is the point on the surface directly above the seismic focus called?
A. fault B. seismic focus C. focus D. epicenter
8. How is the magnitude of an earthquake measured? Through the use of a/an

___________.
A. Digital scale B. Inverted scale C. Richter scale D. Weighing
scale
9. What best decribes the distribution of an earthquake’s epicenter?

A. The location of an earthquake’s epicenter can be used to define plate
boundaries.
B. Plate tectonic activity has nothing to do with the earth’s tectonic activity.
C. The epicenter of an earthquake is derived from microseismic data.
D. None of the choices.
10. Which of the following statements is true about a seismologists’ prediction on

earthquake?
A. Predict 50% of all earthquakes.
B. Accurately predict when an earthquake occurs.
C. Predict the time and location of all earthquakes.
D. Characterize the seismic risk of an area, but cannot yet accurately predict
most earthquakes.
11. Where does the first motion of an earthquake occur?

A. core B. epicenter C. fault D. focus
12. Given the diagram below, where does the epicenter occur?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
13. Where does the focus occur in the diagram in question number 12?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
14. What method do seismologists use in locating an epicenter?

A. Focus Group Discussion
14
B. Interview
C. Observation
D. Triangulation
15. An area where an earthquake occurs is called ______________.

A. crust B. epicenter C. fault D. focus
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have learned about earthquakes, surface waves
and body waves. Earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused
by the movements of the earth’s crust or volcanic eruption leading to destruction.
Seismologists, the scientists who study earthquakes, have proven that

seismic waves are caused by the sudden breaking apart located within the
earth or the slipping of tectonic plates. The study of earthquakes and the waves
they created is called seismology (from the Greek word “seismos” which means “to
shake”). During an earthquake, there is a sudden release of stored energy in the
Earth’s crust thus, seismic waves are formed. Sometimes, they cause tsunamis and
fire which may lead to loss of life and huge damage to property.
What’s New
Arrange the letters to form a word. Write your answers on a separate

sheet of paper.
1. Iriantnolguat - ____________________
2. cfsuo - ____________________
3. eneirpcte - ____________________
4. utfla - ____________________
5. aeaqerhktu - ____________________
What Is It
Location of an Epicenter
15
The epicenter is usually the location where the waves from an earthquake are
highly intense. As a result, it is also the area where the most damage can possibly
occur. However, it is not always the case. If an earthquake is particularly large, it
may run across a large section of a plate boundary. In this case, the epicenter might
only be one of the many hotspot areas and the damage could be greater elsewhere.
Epicenter
Hypocenter or focus
Fig. 2.1. An earthquake showing the hypocenter and epicenter
How to locate the earthquake epicenter?

In order to locate the epicenter of an earthquake, you need to determine
the time interval between the arrival of the P and S waves (the S-P interval) on the
seismo-grams from at least three different stations.
Locating the epicenters will determine which fault lines are active. Generally,
the less active fault line stores great amount of potential energy that could cause a
major earthquake once released. Hence, areas near fault lines that remain inactive
for a long period of time are prone to experience a major earthquake.
The distance between the beginning of the first P wave and the first S wave
tells you how many seconds the waves are apart. This number will be used to tell
you how far your seismograph is from the epicenter of the earthquake. In order to
locate the epicenter, the distance between the first P wave and the first S wave is
measured.
What causes an earthquake?
An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. The tectonic plates are

always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. Figure 2.2
shows an earthquake that took place in the Philippines. The area where an
earthquake occurs is called fault, or where the surface slipped. In addition, the
location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the
hypocenter or focus, and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is
called the epicenter.
The magnitude of an earthquake is based on the measurement of the
maximum motion recorded by a seismograph. The most commonly used are the
Local Magnitude (ML) or known as the Richter magnitude, the surface wave
magnitude (Ms), body -wave magnitude (Mb), and moment magnitude (Mw).
16
Fig. 2.2 An earthquake aftermath in
Davao City, Philippines
(October 31, 2019)
What’s More
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the cause of an earthquake?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. How does a hypocenter differ from an epicenter?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. How can we locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. What are the different measurements used to determine the magnitude of an

earthquake?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What I Have Learned

Complete the table below by citing the differences between an epicenter and a
hypocenter based on their characteristics. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
Characteristics Epicenter Hypocenter
Location on Earth’s
Surface
Associated waves
17
What I Can Do
Cite a real scenario that occurs during an Earthquake Drill. (15 points)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
A
Assessment (Post-Test)
A. Beneath where the earthquake starts.
B. Directly above where the earthquake starts.
C. Located at the center where the earthquake starts.
D. Right beside where the earthquake starts.
2. When will an earthquake occur? It occurs when the__________________.

A. Air on the ground evaporates along a fault.
B. Rocks underground suddenly breaks along a fault.
C. Soil on the ground was suddenly eroded by a flash flood.
D. Water underground usually breaks along a fault.
3. By determining the starting point, we can locate the epicenter of an earthquake.

Which waves should we trace first?
4. What will be the starting point to be traced to locate the epicenter of an

earthquake?
5 . If a Magnitude 10 earthquakes occur, what are its possible effects?

A. destroys some well-built wooden structures
B. felt by only a few
C. not felt by many
D. slight damages to specially designed structures
18
7. What is the point on the surface directly above the seismic focus called?
A. fault B. seismic focus C. focus D. epicenter
8. What best decribes the distribution of an earthquake’s epicenter?

A. The location of an earthquake’s epicenter can be used to define plate
boundaries.
B. Plate tectonic activity has nothing to do with the earth’s tectonic activity.
9. How is the magnitude of an earthquake measured? Through the use of a/an

___________.
A. Digital scale B. Inverted scale C. Richter scale D. Weighing
scale
10. Where does the first motion of an earthquake occur?

A. core B. epicenter C. fault D. focus
11. Which of the following statements is true about a seismologists’ prediction on

earthquake?
A. Predict 50% of all earthquakes.
B. Accurately predict when an earthquake occurs.
C. Predict the time and location of all earthquakes.
D. Characterize the seismic risk of an area, but cannot yet accurately predict
most earthquakes.
12. Given the diagram below, where does the epicenter occur?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
13. Where does the focus occur in the diagram in question number 12?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
19
14. An area where an earthquake occurs is called ______________.
A. crust B. epicenter C. fault D. focus
15. . What method do seismologists use in locating an epicenter?
A. Focus Group Discussion
B. Interview
C. Observation
D. Triangulation
Make a diagram showing the epicenter and hypocenter/focus.
20
Lesson
EARTH AND SPACE
Measuring Earthquake and Safety
3 Precautionary Measures
What I Need to Know
In this particular lesson, you

will learn about measuring
scale of an earthquake, its
magnitude and intensity and
safety precautionary
measures.
This lesson will help you master the nature of Earth and Space - Measuring
Earthquakes and Safety Precautionary Measures. The scope of this module is
geared toward its usability in various learning situations; its language is adapted to
the needs of diverse learners; and its lessons coincide to the sequences of the
course. Also, its order is flexible and can be changed depending on the textbook you
are currently using.
1. Identify the scale used to measure the magnitude and intensity of an

earthquake;
2. Determine the impacts of an earthquake; and
3. Identify the precautionary measures before, during and after an
earthquake.
21
1. What magnitude of an earthquake is considered to be catastrophic?
A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12
2. A measure of the amount of earth’s shaking that happens at a given location

is called_________.
A. Center B. Focus C. Intensity D. Magnitude
3. What do you call a measure of the size of the seismic waves or the amount of
energy released at the source of an earthquake?
4. What is the scale that measures the magnitude of an earthquake.

A. Mercalli B. Modified C. Richter D. Seismo
5. A scale that measures the intensity of an earthquake is ____________.

6. What intensity of an earthquake that can destroy bridges and railways?

A. 7 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11
7. If you experience an earthquake, you must do the following, EXCEPT:

A. Be calm
B. Drop, cover and hold
C. Proceed in an open area
D. Stay close to power lines
8. Before an earthquake, the following must be prepared for an emergency,

EXCEPT:
A. Emergency Make-Up Kit
B. First Aid Kit
C. Fire Extinguisher
D. GO Bag
9. Which of the following must NOT be observed after an earthquake?

A. Listen to information
B. Expect for aftershocks
C. Wear your new clothes
D. Check your home for any damages
10. Which of the following best describes aftershocks?

A. Giant waves of the ocean
22
B. Big tremors after the small shake
C. Small shakes after a minor shake
D. Small shakes after the major quake
11. What must be observed while you are inside a room during an earthquake?
A. drop, cover, fold
B. drop, cover, hold
C. duck, clap, fold
D. drop, cover, hold
12. What magnitude of an earthquake that is considered to be very strong and

can damaged few buildings.
A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7
13. The following are primary effects of earthquake, EXCEPT:

A. fire
B. landslides
C. rupture
D. shaking
14. What type of calamity is an earthquake?

A. explosive
B. man-made
C. natural
D. superficial
15. In schools, an earthquake drill is always conducted quarterly. Why do you

think we must adhere to this mandate of the DRRM?
A. for documentation
B. for everyone’s safety
C. for everyone’s happiness
D. for it is a motivational activity
What’s In
In the previous lesson, locating an earthquake’s epicenter is to be done
through the application of a triangulation method. In this case, seismologists need to
have at least three seismic sites to locate the epicenter. It is also imperative that we
must learn about its intensity, magnitude and the safety precautionary measures.
23
\ What’s New
To answer this activity, use the photo shown below. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Fig. 1. An earthquake aftermath taken in Davao City, Philippines
1. What causes an earthquake? __________________

2. Cite some damages caused by an earthquake. _____________________
What Is It
Most earthquakes are caused by the sudden slip along fault lines. It slips
because of the movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates leading to ground shaking
which further results to landslides and other rock movements. Some of the primary
effects that are caused by earthquakes are tsunamis, loss of properties and lives,
while the lack of water, food, electricity and telecommunications are considered as
some of the secondary effects.
How can we measure an earthquake?

Earthquake can be measured using a Richter Scale and Mercalli Scale.
Intensity is a measure of the amount of earth shaking that happens at a given
location. This can be measured through the Richter Scale. Magnitude, on the other
hand, measures the size of the seismic waves or the amount of energy released at
the source of the earthquake and will be measured using a Mercalli Scale.
24
Table 2. How strong is an Earthquake?
INTENSITY EFFECTS TO PEOPLE MAGNITUDE

1 not felt by many Instrumental
2 felt by few Feeble
3 felt by few indoors Slight
4 felt by many indoors Moderate
5 felt by almost everyone Rather Strong
6 felt by all Strong
7 find damages to few buildings Very strong
8 slight damage to specially designed structures Destructive
9 destroys some well-built wooden structures Ruinous
10 destroys well-built wooden structures Disastrous
11 destroys bridges and railways Very disastrous
12 Total Damage Catastrophic
Safety Precautionary Measures
What to do before an Earthquake

 Must prepare a fire extinguisher;
 First aid kit;
 Battery powered radio;
 Emergency light/flashlights with extra battery;
 Must learn to turn off gas, electicity and water;
 Heavy objects must not be placed above the head level; and
 Make a plan where to meet with your family.
What to do during an Earthquake
 Stay calm.
 If you are outdoors, stay in an open area far away from power lines or
anything that might fall.
 if you are indoors, stay inside and observe the Drop-Cover-Hold protocol.
 In case you are in a high rise building, do not use the elevators.
What to do after an Earthquake
 Be prepared for aftershocks.
 Listen to the radio, or television, for information.
 Check your home for any damages.
 Wear protective clothing and sturdy shoes.
25
What’s More
Fill in the blanks and write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What is the difference between a 10 magnitude earthquake and a 4 magnitude
earthquake? Magnitude 10_______________________ while a magnitude
4_____________________________.
What I Have Learned

Put a check (/) on the box if the activities indicated hereunder were
performed/prepared by yourself before, during, and after an earthquake. Write ( x) if
Not Applicable.
Before During After

Fire extinguisher Stay calm Check fire hazards
First aid kit If indoors, stand against the Check gas leaks
wall, near the center of the
building, and stand on the
doorway or crawl under a
heavy furniture such as a
desk or a table.
Turn on gas tank If you’re outdoors, stay in Check damaged
the open away from power electrical wiring. Shut
lines or anything that might off power at the
fall. control box if there is
any danger to house
wiring.
Turn off electricity Don’t use matches, candles,
& water pipes or any flame
What I Can Do
Suppose you are to hold a campaign about earthquake awareness in your
community, what will you say to effectively deliver your message? Write a speech of
at least 500 words.
26
Assessment
1. A measure of the amount of earth’s shaking that happens at a given location
is called_________.
2. What magnitude of an earthquake is considered to be catastrophic?

A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12
3. What is the scale that measures the magnitude of an earthquake.

4. What do you call a measure of the size of the seismic waves or the amount of
energy released at the source of an earthquake?
5. A scale that is used to measure the intensity of an earthquake is

____________.

A. Be calm
B. Drop, cover and hold
C. Proceed in an open area
7. What intensity of an earthquake that destroy bridges and railways?

A. 7 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11
8. Before an earthquake, the following must be prepared for an emergency

EXCEPT:
A. Emergency Make-Up Kit
B. First Aid Kit
D. GO Bag
9. Which of the following best describes aftershocks?

A. Giant waves of the ocean
B. Big tremors after the small shake
C. Small shakes after a minor shake
D. Small shakes after the major quake
27
10. Which of the following must NOT be observed after an earthquake?
A. Listen to information
B. Expect for aftershocks
D. Check your home for any damages
11. What magnitude of an earthquake that is considered to be very strong and

can damaged few buildings?
A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7
12. What must be observed while you are inside a room during an earthquake?
A. drop, cover, fold
B. drop, cover, hold
C. duck, clap, fold
D. drop, cover, hold
13. The following are primary effects of earthquake, EXCEPT:

A. fire
B. landslides
C. rupture
D. shaking
14. In schools, an earthquake drill is always conducted quarterly. Why do you

think we must adhere to this mandate of the DRRM?
A. for documentation
B. for everyone’s safety
C. for everyone’s happiness
D. for it is a motivational activity
15. What type of calamity is an earthquake?

A. explosive
B. man-made
C. natural
D. superficial
Make a slogan on precautionary measures that should be observed or followed
before, during and after an earthquake.
28
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choice: Select the best answer from the choices given. Write the
CAPITAL LETTER of your answer.
1. How is the magnitude of an earthquake measured? It can be measured by the

use of a/an _______.
A. Digital scale B. Inverted scale C. Weighing scale D . Richter scale
A. It is beneath where the earthquake starts.
B. It is directly above where the earthquake starts.
C. All of the choices.
3. Where does an earthquake start?

A. epicenter B. epocenter C. hypercenter D. hypocenter
5. What do you call the central point of an area where fault movement occurs?
A. Earthquake B. Focus C. Locus D. Seismic
5. The following are the three main reasons causing earthquake, EXCEPT when the
plates move
A. away from each other
B. towards each other and collide
C. upward and the other plate move downward
D. at the center and the other plate move sideways

A. Stay calm
B. Stay in an open area
C. Drop, cover and hold
7. How can we locate the epicenter of an earthquake? By tracing the starting point of
A. first P wave and the first S wave
B. second P wave and the second S wave
C. third P wave and the third S wave
D. fourth P wave and the fourth S wave

29
9. What is the main cause of an earthquake? When the
A. water underground usually breaks along a fault.
B. air on the ground evaporates along the fault.
C. rocks underground suddenly breaks along a fault.
D. soil on the ground was suddenly eroded by the flash flood.
10. Before an earthquake, the following must be prepared for emergency EXCEPT:
A. Emergency Make-up Kit
B. First Aid Kit
D. GO Bag
11. After an earthquake, the following must be observed, EXCEPT:

A. Expect for aftershocks
B. Check your home for any damages
D. Listen to information
12. What would a magnitude 10 earthquake feel like? It is similar to
A. a tsunami.
B. tornadoes.
C. dropping over nuclear bombs.
D. a whirlwind at 10 kilometers per hour.
13. What is the right thing to do to prevent from being hit by an earthquake?
A. Move to open areas.
B. Keep running along the fault.
C. Move to closed areas and buildings.
D. Stay away from a sugarcane plantation.
14. What best describes the distribution of an earthquake’s epicenter?

A. The lithospheric plates are believed to be moving slowly.
B. Plate tectonic activity has nothing to do with earth’s tectonic activity.
D. The location of an earthquake’s epicenter can be used to define plate
boundaries.

B. Instant wave B. Primary Wave C. Secondary Wave D. Surface Wave
30
References
n.d. Accessed June 12, 2020. https://www.usgs.gov.

n.d. Accessed June 12, 2020. https://www.bgs.ac.uk.
n.d. Accessed June 12, 2020. www.geo.mtu.edu.
n.d. Accessed June 12, 2020. https://www.ck12.org.
n.d. Accessed June 12, 2020. https://www.researchgate.net.
n.d. Accessed June 12, 2020. https://pubs.usgs.gov.
n.d. Accessed June 12, 2020. https://topex.ucsd.edu.
n.d. Accessed June 12, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com.
Madamba, Jason S. 2016. "Experiencing Science: An Activity-based Worktext for
Grade 10." In Experiencing Science: An Activity-based Worktext for Grade 10.
Innovative Educational Materials, Inc.
https://www.google.com/search?q=4+pics+1+word+earthquake&rlz=1C1CHJ
W_enPH750PH750&sxsrf=ALeKk03-
NmG4m2L2ttvp0pRd4Jvxcr3oBA:1594258623070&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&v
ed=2ahUKEwjX06GXhL_qAhU9xosBHYn0BqoQ_AUoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1366&bi
h=576#imgrc=QS1lk86hwREqDM July 9, 2020
31
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
DepEd Division of Bukidnon

Fortich Street, Sumpong, Malaybalay City
Telefax: (088) 813-3634
E-mail Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph
32

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10

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Development Team of the Module

Author/s : Maria Betty A. Lamban

Members : Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

Lesson 1 – Earthquakes and Types of Waves (Day 1)

What I Need to Know 2

Lesson 2 - Locating the Epicenter (Day 2)

What I Need to Know 12

Lesson 3 - Precautionary Measures (Day 3)

What I Need to Know 21

What This Module is About

Icons Used in This Module

What I Know This section checks your level of knowledge

What’s New This serves as an introduction to the new

What Is It These contain the discussions of the activi-

What’s More These activities do a follow-up which are in-

What I Have This section gives tasks that process what

What I Can Do This section provides an activity that helps to

Additional Activities This portion offers another activity to enrich your

Answer Key This contains all of the answers to all exercises

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This previews the list of all sources used in

Guidelines and Reminders

- From the Science 10 Module Development

1 Earthquake and Types of Waves

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

Are you ready? Let us

2. Why is Philippines prone to experience earthquakes?

3. What starting point is to be traced to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

4. They are the scientists who study earthquakes.

5. In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of the earthquakes?

6. What are the possible effects of an earthquake?

8. Which earthquake waves travel through the outer core?

13. S waves are also called ________.

15. Seismic waves start at the .

Have you ever wondered what makes the Philippines susceptible to

Figure 1.1. Pacific Ring of Fire

By definition, earthquake is the shaking and trembling of the Earth’s crust

Types of Body Waves

S-Waves or Secondary waves

Fig. 1.1 Damaged Building Fig. 1.2 Tsunami Fig.1.3 Fire

1. Why is Philippines prone to experience earthquakes?

A. Away from the focus

4. What are the possible effects of an earthquake?

5. . What starting point is to be traced to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

6. They are the scientists who study earthquakes.

8. Which earthquake waves travel through the outer core?

10. Which of the seismic waves travels the fastest?

12. Seismic waves start at the .

13. S waves are also called ________.

Lesson EARTH AND SPACE

2 Locating the Epicenter

Seismologists can locate the epicenter of an earthquake by using triangulation

What I Need to Know

In this particular lesson, you will be

After going through this lesson, you are expected to: