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Harddisk Keyboard Printer

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Ramsharan Dhakal
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5 views2 pages

Harddisk Keyboard Printer

uu

Uploaded by

Ramsharan Dhakal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hard Disk:

 Hard disk is a secondary storage device connected permanently to the computer system.
 When a computer is on, the hard disk is available to store or to give information.
 Hard disks are used as secondary memory for mass storage of information permanently. They store
programs, data, operating system, compilers, application programs, databases etc.
 A hard disk consists of collection of disks known as platters made up of aluminum with a thin coating of
magnetic material over it. Each platter has two read/write head and is connected with the help of arm.
 The arms are connected with header actuator and spindle is rotated with the help of motor. The upper
surface of top platter and the lower surface of the bottom platter is not used.
 Each platter is divided into tracks and sector where data are recorded, and read from it by one or more
read write heads.
 The read/write head can be positioned on any track of the surface on which data are to be recorded or
read.
 A hard disk drive can rotate at the speed of 2400 to 7200 rpm. The storage capacity of hard disk are
available in different sizes: 80 GB, 120 GB, 500 GB, and several TB.
 The access time of hard disk is about 5-10 milliseconds.

Keyboard:
 An input device that resembles with a typewriter and is used to enter data into computer.
 When we type anything with keyboard, the cursor position define the point the typed character will
appear on the screen.
 When a key is pressed, the keyboard translates it into a form that machine can understand before
passing it.
 A keyboard consists of various keys:
o Alphabets: a - z and A - Z
o Numeric keys: 0 - 9
o Special Characters: @, #, !, ~, ?, <, >, {, } etc
o Function keys: f1 - f12
o Arrow keys: up, down, left, and right
o Delete, Enter, Tab, Shift, Ctrl, Multimedia etc.
 The most commonly available keyboard follow the QWERTY pattern and consists of about 93 - 104 keys.

Printer:
Printers are the most popular hard copy output devices that provides information in a permanent readable
form. They produce printed output of the results and are classified as how they print into impact and non-
impact.
a) Impact Printer: Impact printers use electromechanical mechanisms that causes hammers or pins
strike against a ribbon and paper to print the text. The printer produce noise during printing, and so
they so they are called noisy printers. Dot Matrix, Daisy Wheel, Drum Printer etc are some examples.
i. Dot Matrix Printer:
 These are character printer printing one character at a time.
 They form character of any shape as a pattern of dots.
 it has a print head that moves horizontally (left-right) across the paper and consists of
an array of pins that strikes on the paper to print the text.
 This is quite noisy and slow type printer. It can print upto 30 - 60 character per minute.

ii. Drum Printer:


 Drum printers are line printers printing a line at a time.
 Consists of solid cylindrical drum with characters embossed on the surface in the form
of circular bands
 The band consists of complete character set that it can print.
 The paper is placed between the inked ribbon and the hammer head, and the printing
is carried by striking mechanism.
 These are quite faster than dot matrix, printing 300 - 2000 lines per minute.

b) Non-Impact Printer: These printer do not use any striking mechanism to print texts on the paper.
They use thermal, laser beam, chemical, laser or inkjet technology for printing purpose. They do not
produce any noise, and are comparatively faster than impact printers. Laser printer, Ink Jet printer
etc. are some examples.
i. Laser Printer:
 These printers are page printer printing an entire page at a time.
 Laser beam source, mirror, a photoconductive drum and a tonner are the major
components.
 The laser beam is focused on electrostatically charged drum by spinning the surface
of the drum in a manner to create the pattern of characters and images to be printed
on the page.
 The tonner sticks to the drum in places where the laser beam has charged the surface.
The tonner is then fused on the paper permanently with heat and pressure and the
printing is carried in this manner.
 These are high quality, fast, less noisy printers. It can print upto 4-12 pages or more
per minute.

ii. Ink jet printer:


 These are character printer that forms characters and all kinds of images by spraying
small drops of ink on a paper.
 The print head consists of about 64 tiny nozzles that can be heated up selectively in a
few microseconds by an integrated circuit resistor.
 To print a character or an image, the appropriate set of nozzles are heated up as the
print head moves horizontally.
 These are high quality printer, and expensive as well.
 They are less noisy and a bit slower compared to laser printer.

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