Selecting Sample

SELECTING SAMPLE
DEFINE THESE TERMS IN RESEARCH FIELD:
• Population?
• Sample?
IMPORTANT TERMS
A population is a large group of individuals, items, or units that become the

research focus from which the data are gathered.
A sample is a specific subset/subgroup within a population from which the
researcher collects data. In terms of size, it is smaller than the total
population size.
EXAMPLES:
Research Goal: Understanding Student Translators’ Attitude toward The

Use of CAT Tools
Possible Population → All students from English Department

Possible Sample → The students from the English Department who are
taking Computer Assisted Translation class.
EXAMPLES:
Research Goal: Analyzing the meaning of metaphor from Taylor Swift’s

songs about “moving on”
Possible Population → All songs from Taylor Swift

Possible Sample → The songs from Taylor Swift about “moving on”
EXAMPLES:
Research Goal: Identifying the translation errors of “cultural terms” in This

Earth of Mankind Novel
Possible Population → The Novel (Original & Translated versions)

Possible Sample → The list of cultural terms from the novel (both
Original & Translated versions)
EXAMPLES:
Research Goal: Analyzing the types of slang within the comment section
of Nas Daily’s Instagram post about Indonesia
Possible Population → All sentences within the comment section of the

post
Possible Sample → The sentences containing slang.
SAMPLING IN RESEARCH
Sampling is a way to ensure the validity and reliability of
your research result.
SAMPLING IN RESEARCH: AN OVERVIEW
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
• Selecting a sample that represents • Selecting a sample by considering
the population and is unbiased. factors and purposes.
• Aiming to draw inferences from the • Aiming to gain in-depth knowledge.
sample. • Conducted up to a point of data
• Guided by a predetermined sample saturation.
size.
SAMPLING IN GENERAL
• Sampling is a process of selecting

a few (a sample) from a bigger
group (the sampling population).
• The purpose is to estimate or
predict things about the whole
larger group.
• A sample is a subgroup of the
population that you are interested
in.
SAMPLING IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Types
Random/ Non-random /
Mixed
Probability Non-probability
Simple Random Stratified Accidental Systematic

Quota Sampling
Sampling Random Sampling Sampling Sampling
Judgmental Convenience
Cluster Sampling
Sampling Sampling
Snowball
Expert Sampling
Sampling
Random Sampling: a method of selecting a sample from a population.

• Each element/member of the population has an equal and independent chance of being
chosen.
• This approach ensures that the sample is representative of the population, allowing for
the generalizability of findings and the application of statistical tests based on probability
theory.
Random Sampling:
• Simple Random Sampling: In this method, each element in the population has an equal and
independent chance of being selected for the sample.
• Stratified Random Sampling: This method involves dividing the population into subgroups
based on certain characteristics. Samples are then randomly selected from each division in
proportion to their representation in the population, allowing for more precise estimates
within subgroups.
• Cluster Sampling: This method involves dividing the population into clusters or groups,
randomly selecting some clusters, and then sampling all elements within the chosen clusters.
This method is useful when it is difficult or costly to obtain a complete list of the population.
Non-random sampling: a method of selecting a sample from a population.

• Not every element/member of the population has an equal and independent chance of
being chosen.
• This approach involves the researcher using their judgment or specific criteria to select
participants, rather than relying on random selection.
Non-Random Sampling:
• Quota sampling: Participants are selected based on specific quotas or characteristics to
ensure the representation of certain subgroups within the population.
• Convenience sampling: Participants are chosen based on their easy availability and
accessibility to the researcher.
• Judgmental (Purposive) sampling: Participants are selected based on the researcher's
judgment/purposes of their relevance to the study.
• Snowball sampling: Participants are recruited through referrals from existing
participants, creating a chain of referrals to expand the sample.
Non-Random Sampling:
• Expert sampling: Participants are selected based on consideration that they are experts
or knowledgeable in a particular field or domain relevant to the research topic.
• Accidental sampling: Participants are chosen based on their accidental encounter with
the researcher. This method relies on chance encounters and may not be representative
of the population.
Mixed sampling: a method of selecting a sample from a population.

• It offers flexibility and the potential for richer data collection because it combines
different sampling methods to ensure the reliability and integrity of the research
outcomes.
• It is employed when a single sampling method may not be sufficient to address research
objectives comprehensively.
Mixed sampling:
• Systematic sampling is selecting a sample from a larger population by choosing every
kth element from a sequentially ordered list or population.
• It involves selecting the first element randomly and then systematically selecting the
subsequent elements at regular intervals to form the sample.
• “kth element” refers to the specific position or order of elements in the population
selected as parts of the sample. The “k” represents the sampling interval which
determines the pattern for selecting elements from the population. (E.g. if the interval is
5, then every 5th element is chosen as part of the sample.
SAMPLING IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Key Characteristics of Sampling in Qualitative Research

1. The use of non-random/non-probability sampling methods to select participants or
objects of research based on specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. (e.g.
purposive sampling, convenience sampling, snowball sampling, etc.)
2. Aim for information-rich sampling or selecting participants who can provide in-
depth and detailed information related to the research topic (contribute to a deeper
understanding of the phenomenon being studied.
SAMPLING IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Key Characteristics of Sampling in Qualitative Research

3. Being determined by data saturation, not predetermined sample size. This data
saturation occurs when no new information or themes emerge from the additional
data collection. So, the sampling process is resumed to the point where new data do
not provide additional insights.
4. Involving judgmental selection or using the researchers’ expertise, knowledge, and
judgment to identify participants who can offer the necessary information.
5. Allow researchers to be flexible and to adapt their sampling strategies based on
emerging findings, research questions, and the need for further exploration.
FURTHER READING
Reference:
Kumar, R. (2019). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners (5th ed.). SAGE
Publications Ltd.
INDEPENDENT TASK
Answer the following questions and consult them with your research advisor:
1. What is the title of your research?
2. What is your research approach (qualitative or quantitative)?
3. Who/what is the population of your research?
4. What sampling method do you plan to employ to select the sample of your
research population? Explain why it is suitable and how to do it.
5. Please describe your possible sample of your research population.

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SELECTING SAMPLE

DEFINE THESE TERMS IN RESEARCH FIELD:

A population is a large group of individuals, items, or units that become the

Research Goal: Understanding Student Translators’ Attitude toward The

Possible Population → All students from English Department

Research Goal: Analyzing the meaning of metaphor from Taylor Swift’s

Possible Population → All songs from Taylor Swift

Research Goal: Identifying the translation errors of “cultural terms” in This

Possible Population → The Novel (Original & Translated versions)

Possible Population → All sentences within the comment section of the

• Sampling is a process of selecting

Simple Random Stratified Accidental Systematic

Random Sampling: a method of selecting a sample from a population.

Non-random sampling: a method of selecting a sample from a population.

Mixed sampling: a method of selecting a sample from a population.

Key Characteristics of Sampling in Qualitative Research

Key Characteristics of Sampling in Qualitative Research

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