Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 8 views

    p7 Waves

    Uploaded by

    Leslie Masiyandima

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    p7 Waves

    Uploaded by

    Leslie Masiyandima
    8 views3 pages

    Original Title

    p7-waves

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views3 pages

    p7 Waves

    Uploaded by

    Leslie Masiyandima

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science

    Physics 7 - Waves

    Waves

    You need to know ​a wave is:


    - A method of transmission of energy without transferring matter in the direction of wave travel.

    Waves transfer energy through ​vibrations of particles​.


    - There are ​two types​ of waves, depending on the direction of the vibration of the particle.
    - Transverse waves​ and ​longitudinal waves​.

    Transverse waves
    - Particles move ​perpendicular​ to the direction of the energy transfer (wave propagation).

    - Transverse waves include light, radio waves, water waves.

    Longitudinal waves
    - Particles move ​parallel​ to the direction of the energy transfer (wave propagation).

    - The area where the molecules are close together in an instant is called​ compression
    - The area where the molecules are far apart in an instant is called​ rarefaction ​(pronounced rare-re-faction)

    - Longitudinal waves include sound waves, seismic waves, and waves in compressed spring.

    Some waves, like sound waves and water waves require a ​medium:
    - A medium ​is the material which the wave travels through
    Without a medium, these waves cannot propagate since there are no molecules to vibrate.

    However, some waves, like electromagnetic waves including ​light​ and radiowaves, can travel​ without a medium​.
    - This is why only electromagnetic waves can travel through space, and not sound
    - In space there is a vacuum, so only waves that do not need a medium can travel
    Wave Properties

    You need to know ​what ​amplitude​, ​wavelength​, ​frequency​, and ​velocity ​of a wave means.

    A ​crest​ is the highest point of a wave, and a ​trough ​is the lowest point of a wave.

    Amplitude​ :​ ​the maximum displacement of the particle from its “zero” position​.
    - Which means it is the distance from the “zero” middle line to either the crest of the trough.

    - Amplitude in a sound wave determines the ​volume. ​Higher amplitude means a higher volume.

    Wavelength​ : ​the distance from one point on a wave to the same point on the next wave
    - usually denoted by the greek letter delta ​(λ)
    - which is equal to the distance from one ​trough​ to next, or the from one ​crest​ to the next.
    - These are all one complete waves - all equaling the same length:

    - On a longitudinal wave, the wavelength can be seen as the distance between the middle of compressions

    Frequency​ : the number of waves passing a given point each​ ​second


    - If in one second, 5 complete waves pass through, the frequency is 5waves/sec
    - Frequency is measured in units of ​hertz (Hz) ​where ​1Hz​ = ​1wave/sec

    Velocity​ : ​the speed of the travel of the wave ​- ​it can change depending on the medium.
    - If the velocity of the wave is 330m/s (the case for sound in air)
    - Energy is transferred to a distance of 330m away each second.

    You need to know ​that the ​velocity​ is related to the ​frequency ​and the ​wavelength ​with a formula: ​v = f λ
    - v = f ​ ​x ​ λ
    - Velocity = frequency ​x​ wavelength
    Wave Behaviours

    You need to know ​what ​reflection​ and ​refraction​ is - they are dealt in more detail in ​Unit P8

    When a wave hits a surface, the wave​ ​reflects​ back.

    It was said that the velocity of wave changes as the ​medium​ changes.
    So when a wave crosses a boundary between ​media (​pl. of medium), the velocity of the wave changes.
    - When a wave crosses the boundary ​at an angle,​ the change in velocity causes a​ change in direction
    - This change in direction is called ​refraction

    Both reflection and refraction ​is dealt in much more detail in relation to light wave in ​Unit P8
    - So refer to ​Unit P8​ for further explanation.

    The syllabus says you should be able to, (SO check if you can):
    - Demonstrate understanding that wave motion transfers energy without transferring matter in the direction of wave
    travel.
    - Describe what is meant by wave motion as illustrated by vibration in ropes and springs and by experiments using water
    waves.
    - Recall and use the equation v = f λ
    - State the meaning of and use the terms speed, frequency, wavelength and amplitude.
    - Distinguish between transverse and longitudinal waves and give suitable examples.
    - Identify how a wave can be reflected off a plane barrier and can change direction as its speed changes.
    - Interpret reflection and refraction using wave theory.

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy