BAMIDELE OLUMILUA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION,

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, IKERE-EKITI (BOUESTI)

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT: CIVIL/ELECT/ELECT/MECH ENGINEERING
Course Title: ENGINEER IN SOCIETY
Course Code: GET 101 Units: 1 Unit

QUESTION BANK FOR ASSIGNMENT (TUTORIAL)

QUESTION ONE

Distinguish between the different cadres of Engineering

(a)

(i) Engineers;
(ii) Technologists;
(iii) Technicians
(iv) Craftsmen and their roles and competencies
(b) List and discuss FIVE roles of professional bodies and societies in Nigeria
(c) Write the full meaning of the following abbreviation
(i) NICE (ii) BEME (iii) COREN (iv) NSE (v) NIMEchE (vi) NIEEE (vii) IFAC (viii) WEC (IX) NSChe (X)
NIAE (40 MARKS)

QUESTION TWO

(a) Discuss upholding the Engineer’s ethnical compass and codes of conduct for Nigerian
engineers in relation to:
(i) Ethnical Standards
(ii) COREN Principles
(b) List and discuss THREE embracing lifelong learning for engineers
(c) State FIVE strategies for developing engineering literacy (30 MARKS)

QUESTION THREE

(a) Identify TWO major safety and risk analysis in Engineering practice
(b) What are implementing safety protocols and their regulations in Engineering
practice
(c) List and discuss FOUR benefits of effective safety and risks analysis in Engineering
practice (30 MARKS)
QUESTION FOUR

(a) What are the History , Evolution and Philosophy of Science, Engineering and Technology
(SET)?
(b) What are influence of SET on human society?
(c) What are ethnical and philosophical implications of SET advancement

QUESTION FIVE

(a) Write short notes contributions is critical for aspiring engineers navigating this world
(i) The problem solver
(ii) Bridging the gap
(iii) The back bone
(iv) Building the dream
(b) Define and state the roles of the different cadres of the Engineering family
in terms of cadres, qualifications, functions and responsibilities

QUESTION SIX

(a) Discuss extensively key activities of Civil,Elect/Elect/ Mech Engineering within Nigeria:
(i) Professional Development;
(ii) Certification and Licensing;
(iii) Ethnics and Standard ;
(iv) Collaboration and Advocacy and
(v) Young Engineers Development
(b) In a tabular form, carefully itemise the aims , functions and four benefits of
Civil,Elwect/Elect and Mech Engineering in Nigeria
(c) List and discuss FOUR mastering the skill set for success

QUESTION SEVEN

(a) Categorize the goals of Global Development or Sustainable Development

Goals(SDGs) and how they are achieved?
(b) Enumerate FOUR role in driving innovation and developing solutions that
address the challenges associated with achieving the SDGs
(c) List and explain FOUR developing robust infrastructure for unlocking Nigeria’s
economic potential and improving the lives of its citizens.

QUESTION EIGHT

(a) Briefly discuss how engineering choices and sustainable development have significant
roles in Engineers
(i) Economic sustainability
(ii) Environmental sustainability
(iii) Social sustainability
 (b) How do we cultivating a risk –management mindset in an engineer’s?
(c) List and explain THREE tools and techniques in Engineering practice

QUESTION NINE

In a tabular form, analyse FIVE Engineering competency skills in terms of

(a) Curriculum overview
(b) Technical skills
(c) Soft skills and
(d) Digital skills
 BAMIDELE OLUMILUA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, IKERE-EKITI (BOUESTI)
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT: CIVIL/ELECT/ELECT/MECH ENGINEERING

Course Title: ENGINEER IN SOCIETY

Course Code: GET 101 Units: 1 Unit

TUTORIAL MARKING GUIDE

QUESTION ONE

Distinguish between the different cadres of Engineering

(a)

(v) Engineers;
(vi) Technologists;
(vii) Technicians
(viii) Craftsmen and their roles and competencies

Cadre Qualifications Functions Responsibilities

Engineers Bachelor's degree in Conceptualize, Ensure project
engineering design, develop, feasibility, safety,
(B.Eng.) or and manage and adherence to
equivalent, engineering codes.
registered with projects.
COREN.

Technologist Higher National Apply and Conduct

Diploma (HND) in implement technical
engineering from engineering analyses, tests,
accredited principles for and data
institutions. specific tasks. collection.

Technicians National Diploma Assist engineers Operate

(ND) in engineering and technologists and maintain
from accredited with technical equipment,
institutions. tasks, operation, troubleshoot
and maintenance. problems, and
 prepare reports.

Craftsmen Vocational/technical Construct, Follow specific

training install, and instructions, use
certifications or maintain tools and
extensive practical physical equipment safely,
experience. structures and and maintain
systems. quality standards.

(d) List and discuss FIVE roles of professional bodies and societies in Nigeria

(iii) Roles of Professional Bodies and Societies:

a. Set and enforce professional standards and codes of ethics.
b. Provide opportunities for continuous professional development.
c. Advocate for the interests of engineers at national and international
levels.
d. Facilitate networking and collaboration within the engineering
community.
e. Maintain public confidence in the engineering profession.

(e) Write the full meaning of the following abbreviation

NICE- The Nigerian Institute of Civil Engineers (ii) BEME- Bill of Engineering
Measurement and Evaluation (iii) COREN- COREN (Council for the Regulation of
Engineering in Nigeria) (iv) NSE- The NSE (Nigerian Society of Engineers) (v)
NIMEchE- The Nigerian Institution of Mechanical Engineers (vi) NIEEE - The
Nigerian Institution of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in Nigeria.
(vii) IFAC- The International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC)
(j) (viii) WEC The
World Council on Electrical, Electronics and Related
Professions (WEC). (IX) NSChe- Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers
(NSChE) (X) NIAE- Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers
(40 MARKS)

QUESTION TWO

(d) Discuss upholding the Engineer’s ethnical compass and codes of conduct for Nigerian
engineers in relation to:
(iii) Ethnical Standards
Upholding the Engineer's Ethical Compass: Understand professional ethics
and codes of conduct for Nigerian engineers.
Building a successful career in engineering goes beyond technical prowess.
Nigerian engineers operate within a framework of professional ethics and a
commitment to lifelong learning, making these aspects crucial for sustainable
success.
The Code of Conduct for Engineers in Nigeria, established by COREN, outlines
the core principles and ethical standards that guide professional practice. These
include:

i. Honesty and Integrity: Maintaining truthfulness, accuracy, and

transparency in all professional dealings.
ii. Competence and Skill: Delivering services with due diligence and
within the bounds of one's expertise.
iii. Confidentiality and Public Interest: Protecting confidential information
and prioritizing the public good over personal gain.
iv. Respect and Fairness: Treating colleagues, clients, and the public with
professionalism and respect.
v. Environmental Responsibility: Minimizing environmental impact and
promoting sustainable engineering practices.

(iv) COREN Principle

In relation to COREN Principles:

(i) Key principles: Honesty, integrity, competence, confidentiality, public
interest, respect, fairness, environmental responsibility.
(ii)Specifics:
(a) Client relationships: Avoiding misleading statements, conflicts of
interest, and accepting illegal or unethical assignments.
(b) Professional relationships: Maintaining respectful interactions with
colleagues, avoiding plagiarism, and offering fair criticism.
(c) Safety and public welfare: Prioritizing public safety, reporting potential
hazards, and adhering to relevant safety regulations.
(d) Sustainability: Promoting sustainable practices, minimizing
environmental impact, and considering societal implications of projects.

(e) List and discuss THREE embracing lifelong learning for engineers

Embracing Lifelong Learning: Importance of lifelong learning and staying

updated with technological advancements.
Commitment to continuous professional development through formal and self-
directed learning.
The rapid pace of technological advancement necessitates a commitment to
lifelong learning for engineers. This can involve:

i. Formal Continuing Professional Development (CPD): Attending

workshops, courses, and conferences offered by professional bodies like
NSE or specialized engineering bodies.
ii. Self-directed Learning: Staying updated through online resources,
technical journals, and professional reading.
iii. Networking and Collaboration: Engaging with peers, mentors, and
experts to exchange knowledge and gain new perspectives.

(f) State FIVE strategies for developing engineering literacy

Strategies for developing engineering literacy:
a. Formal education: Pursuing higher education and attending relevant
workshops and courses.
b. Professional organizations: Active participation in NSE or
specialized engineering bodies for networking and skill development.
c. Mentorship: Seeking guidance from experienced engineers and role
models.
d. Industry exposure: Internships, volunteering, and practical projects
to gain real-world experience.
e. Independent learning: Online resources, technical journals, and
professional reading material.

(d) Identify TWO major safety and risk analysis in Engineering practice

1. Identifying and Assessing Hazards and Risks:

(i) Hazard identification: Proactively identifying potential dangers that
could cause harm to people, property, or the environment. This involves
thorough project assessment, considering materials, processes,
equipment, and potential external factors.
(ii)Risk assessment: Evaluating the likelihood of identified hazards
occurring and the severity of their potential consequences. This involves
assigning quantitative or qualitative values to determine priority and
guide mitigation strategies.

(e) What are implementing safety protocols and their regulations in Engineering
practice
 Implementing Safety Protocols and Regulations:

(i) Safety protocols: Implementing established safety procedures, ensuring

proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), regular maintenance
of equipment, and emergency response plans.
(ii)Regulations adherence: Complying with relevant safety regulations and
codes of practice specific to the engineering discipline and project type.
This ensures accountability and aligns with industry standards.

(f) List and discuss FOUR benefits of effective safety and risks analysis in Engineering
practice

Benefits of Effective Safety and Risk Analysis:

(i) Reduced accidents and injuries: Proactive mitigation minimizes harm
to personnel and promotes a safer work environment.
(ii)Environmental protection: Identifying and controlling potential
environmental hazards reduces project impact on ecosystems.
(iii) Cost savings: Early identification and mitigation of risks prevents
costly accidents and delays.
(iv) Enhanced project success: Improved safety culture fosters trust,
collaboration, and project efficiency.
Safety and risk analysis are not one-time exercises but continuous processes
throughout an engineering project. By integrating these practices into your
approach, you can contribute to a safer, more sustainable, and successful
engineering future.

QUESTION FOUR

(a) What are the History , Evolution and Philosophy of Science, Engineering and Technology
(SET)?

Chapter 1: History, Evolution, and Philosophy of Science, Engineering and

Technology (SET)

The intertwined journey of Science, Engineering, and Technology (SET) has

shaped every aspect of human history and continues to define our present and
future. Understanding this trajectory, particularly in the context of Nigeria and
the wider global arena, is crucial for aspiring engineers who will become the
architects of tomorrow.
(i) Tracing the Footsteps of SET:
(a) Ancient Africa: Long before colonization, Africa boasted sophisticated
civilizations that thrived on innovations in agriculture, metallurgy, architecture,
and astronomy. The Nok culture of Nigeria, for example, produced intricate
terracotta sculptures and iron tools as early as 500 BC.

Nok terracotta sculptures

(b) The Cradle of Civilization: Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China birthed
groundbreaking advancements in irrigation, construction, and mathematics,
laying the foundation for future scientific inquiry and technological progress.
The pyramids of Egypt and the Great Wall of China stand as testaments to this
early engineering prowess.

Great Wall of China

(c) The Scientific Revolution: The 16th and 17th centuries witnessed a surge in
scientific discovery, fueled by the likes of Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, and
Johannes Kepler. This era saw the development of the scientific method, the
laws of motion, and advancements in astronomy that challenged existing
paradigms and paved the way for modern scientific thought.
 Galileo Galilei
(d) The Industrial Revolution: The 18th and 19th centuries ushered in a
transformation driven by mechanization, steam power, and the factory system.
Inventions like the steam engine, the spinning jenny, and the Bessemer process
revolutionized manufacturing, transportation, and communication, forever
altering the landscape of human society.

Bessemer process
(e) The Technological Age: The 20th and 21st centuries have been marked by
an exponential acceleration in technological progress. The transistor, the
computer, the internet, and countless other breakthroughs have reshaped
communication, entertainment, medicine, and virtually every facet of our lives.

Transistor
(ii) SET's Impact on Society and Civilization:
(ii)

(b) What are influence of SET on human society?

The influence of SET on human society is undeniable. It has:

 a. Improved living standards: Advancements in medicine, sanitation, and
agriculture have led to increased lifespans, better health outcomes, and
more efficient food production.
b. Fueled economic growth: Technological innovations have driven
economic development by creating new industries, jobs, and
opportunities.
c. Connected the world: Communication technologies have broken down
geographical barriers, fostering global collaboration and cultural
exchange.
d. Shaped cultural landscapes: SET has influenced art, music, literature,
and other forms of creative expression, reflecting the changing
relationship between humans and technology.

(c) What are ethnical and philosophical implications of SET advancement

Ethical and Philosophical Implications of SET Advancements:

The rapid pace of scientific and technological progress presents a myriad of
ethical and philosophical questions:
(a) The power and responsibility of science: Who controls scientific
research and its applications? How do we ensure ethical use of powerful
technologies like artificial intelligence and genetic engineering?
(b) The digital divide: How can we bridge the gap between those who have
access to technology and those who are left behind?
(c) The impact on the environment: Can technological advancements help
us address climate change and other environmental challenges, or do they
exacerbate them?
(d) The future of work: How will automation and AI change the nature of
work, and how can we ensure that everyone benefits from these changes?
These are complex questions that require ongoing dialogue and collaboration
between scientists, engineers, policymakers, and the public. As future engineers
in Nigeria, you will play a crucial role in shaping the ethical and responsible
development and application of SET in your country and the world.

By delving into the rich history and profound impact of SET, you can gain a
deeper understanding of your chosen field and prepare yourselves to become
responsible engineers who contribute to a better future for all.

QUESTION FIVE
 (c) Write short notes contributions is critical for aspiring engineers navigating this world
(v) The problem solver
(vi) The Problem Solvers: Engineers
(vii) At the heart of the family stand engineers, the masterminds who tackle
complex challenges, conceive ingenious solutions, and design and
develop groundbreaking systems and technologies. They translate
scientific principles into practical applications, pushing the boundaries
of what's possible. Whether it's building bridges that defy gravity or
creating software that revolutionizes communication, engineers are the
visionaries shaping the future.

(viii) Bridging the gap

Bridging the Gap: Technologists

Technologists act as the bridge between theoretical concepts and practical
application. They possess in-depth knowledge of specific technologies and
utilize them to solve real-world problems. Imagine a team designing a next-
generation medical device; the technologist would be the one translating the
engineer's blueprint into a tangible device, ensuring its functionality and
efficiency.

(ix) The back bone

(x) The Backbone: Technicians
Just as a strong spine supports the body, technicians provide the
crucial backbone for engineering projects. They are the skilled
professionals who assist engineers and technologists with a range of
technical tasks. From conducting tests and collecting data to operating
machinery and maintaining equipment, technicians play a vital role in
ensuring the smooth execution of any engineering endeavour.

(xi) Building the dream

(xii) Building the Dream: Craftsmen
(xiii) Finally, the craftsmen represent the hands that turn blueprints into
reality. They possess exquisite craftsmanship, meticulously translating
designs into physical structures and systems. Whether it's welding
intricate machinery components or constructing towering buildings,
craftsmen apply their expertise and dedication to bring the engineer's
vision to life.

(d) Define and state the roles of the different cadres of the Engineering family
in terms of cadres, qualifications, functions and responsibilities
Engineering Family:
Cadre Qualifications Functions Responsibilities
Engineers Bachelor's degree in Conceptualize, Ensure project
engineering design, develop, feasibility, safety,
(B.Eng.) or and manage and adherence to
equivalent, engineering codes.
registered with projects.
COREN.

Technologist Higher National Apply and Conduct

Diploma (HND) in implement technical
engineering from engineering analyses, tests,
accredited principles for and data
institutions. specific tasks. collection.

Technicians National Diploma Assist engineers Operate

(ND) in engineering and technologists and maintain
from accredited with technical equipment,
institutions. tasks, operation, troubleshoot
and maintenance. problems, and
prepare reports.

Craftsmen Vocational/technical Construct, Follow specific

training install, and instructions, use
certifications or maintain tools and
extensive practical physical equipment safely,
experience. structures and and maintain
systems. quality standards.

QUESTION FIVE

(d) Discuss extensively key activities of Civil,Elect/Elect/ Mech Engineering within Nigeria:
(vi) Professional Development;
(vii) Certification and Licensing;
(viii) Ethnics and Standard ;
(ix) Collaboration and Advocacy and
(x) Young Engineers Development
Key Activities:
 Professional development: NIMechE organizes seminars, workshops,
and conferences to keep members updated on the latest advancements in
mechanical engineering.
 Certification and licensing: The institution is responsible for certifying
mechanical engineers in Nigeria and issuing practicing licenses.
 Ethics and standards: NIMechE upholds ethical standards in the
profession and advocates for best practices in mechanical engineering.
 Collaboration and advocacy: The institution collaborates with other
engineering bodies and stakeholders to promote the interests of the
profession and contribute to national development.
 Young engineers development: NIMechE has a dedicated program for
young engineers, providing them with mentorship, career guidance, and
opportunities to network with experienced professionals.

(e) In a tabular form, carefully itemise the aims , functions and four benefits of
Civil,Elwect/Elect and Mech Engineering in Nigeria
Membership: NIMechE has over 10,000 members, including
graduates, associates, and fellows. Membership is open to anyone who
meets the academic and professional qualifications set by the
institution.

Benefits of Membership:
 Access to professional development opportunities
 Networking opportunities with fellow engineers
 Career guidance and support
 Recognition and credibility within the profession
Participation in shaping the future of mechanical engineering in Nigeria
Overall, NIMechE plays a vital role in ensuring the professionalism and
competence of mechanical engineers in Nigeria. By providing professional
development, promoting ethical practices, and advocating for the interests of the
profession, NIMechE contributes significantly to the advancement of
mechanical engineering in the country.
3. Electrical and Electronics Engineering:
Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) - Electrical Division: The Electrical
Division of NSE caters specifically to the needs of electrical and electronics
engineers in Nigeria. It promotes collaboration, knowledge sharing, and
professional development within the discipline.
Established in 1984, NIEEE is a professional body for electrical and electronic
engineers in Nigeria.
It aims to promote the growth of the profession through registration, continuous
professional development, code and standards development, advocacy, and
research and development.
NIEEE has over 10,000 members across all geo-political zones in Nigeria.
It is registered with the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria
(COREN) and is affiliated with the International Federation of Automatic
Control (IFAC) and the World Council on Electrical, Electronics and Related
Professions (WEC).
Functions:
 Organizes seminars, workshops, and conferences on various aspects of
electrical and electronic engineering.
 Publishes a journal, "The Nigerian Engineer," which features articles on
technical and professional topics.
 Collaborates with universities and other institutions to provide training
and development opportunities for engineers.
 Advocates for the interests of the engineering profession at the national
and international levels.
 Promotes ethical practices and standards within the profession.
Benefits of NIEEE Membership:
 Access to professional development opportunities
 Networking opportunities with fellow engineers
 Career guidance and support
 Recognition and credibility within the profession
 Participation in shaping the future of electrical and electronic engineering
in Nigeria

4. Chemical Engineering:
Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers (NSChE): Established in 1964, NSChE
is the professional body for chemical engineers in Nigeria. It serves to advance
the practice of chemical engineering, promote research and development, and
contribute to the sustainable development of the country.
5. Agricultural Engineering:
Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers (NIAE): Founded in 1979, NIAE
is dedicated to the advancement of agricultural engineering in Nigeria. It
promotes the application of engineering principles to solve agricultural
challenges and improve food production.
6. Environmental Engineering:
Nigerian Environmental Society (NES): Established in 1991, NES is a multi-
disciplinary society that includes environmental engineers among its members.
It promotes environmental awareness, advocates for sustainable development,
and provides professional development opportunities for environmental
professionals.

(f) List and discuss FOUR mastering the skill set for success

Mastering the Skillset for Success: Develop effective communication,

teamwork, and critical thinking skills for success in engineering.
(a) Communication: Written, verbal, and presentation skills for conveying
complex ideas effectively to diverse audiences.
(b) Teamwork: Collaboration, conflict resolution, and active listening to
achieve shared goals.
(c) Critical thinking: Problem-solving, analysis, and decision-making skills
to navigate complex challenges.
(d) Digital literacy: Proficiency in relevant software, data analysis tools, and
technological platforms.

QUESTION SIX

a. Categorize the goals of Global Development or Sustainable Development

Goals(SDGs) and how they are achieved?

Chapter 4. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Innovation,

Infrastructure, and Nation Building:
1. Analyzing the SDGs for Nigerian Development:
The 17 SDGs, encompassing everything from poverty eradication to climate
action, are highly relevant to Nigeria's context. Some of the most pressing goals
include:
Goal 1: No Poverty:
 Relevance: 48% of Nigerians live below the national poverty line.
 Focus: Investing in agriculture, education, social safety nets, and
microfinance.
  Engineering contribution: Develop sustainable agricultural practices,
create affordable housing, improve infrastructure access in rural areas.
Goal 2: Zero Hunger:
 Relevance: Food insecurity affects millions in Nigeria, particularly in the
north.
 Focus: Increase agricultural productivity, reduce food waste, improve
access to nutritious food.
 Engineering contribution: Design irrigation systems, develop food storage
and processing technologies, improve transportation infrastructure for
agricultural products.
Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being:
 Relevance: High infant mortality rate, limited access to healthcare, and
prevalence of infectious diseases.
 Focus: Improve healthcare access, sanitation facilities, maternal health
care, and disease prevention.
 Engineering contribution: Develop medical devices, diagnostic tools,
telemedicine solutions, design sanitation systems, improve water quality.
Goal 4: Quality Education:
 Relevance: High illiteracy rates, limited access to quality education, and
gender disparities in education.
 Focus: Expand access to education at all levels, improve teacher training,
promote digital literacy.
 Engineering contribution: Design and build schools, develop educational
technology solutions, provide internet access in rural areas.
Goal 5: Gender Equality:
 Relevance: Gender pay gap, limited female participation in politics and
business, gender-based violence.
 Focus: Empower women economically, promote equal access to
education and healthcare, combat gender-based violence.
 Engineering contribution: Design gender-inclusive infrastructure, develop
technologies that empower women in agriculture and entrepreneurship,
advocate for equal opportunities in STEM fields.
Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation:
 Relevance: Millions lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation,
leading to health problems.
 Focus: Provide safe drinking water and sanitation facilities for all,
improve water management practices.
  Engineering contribution: Design and build water treatment plants,
develop sanitation technologies, promote sustainable water use practices.
Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy:
 Relevance: Reliance on fossil fuels, limited access to electricity, high
energy costs.
 Focus: Transition to renewable energy sources, improve energy
efficiency, expand access to electricity.
 Engineering contribution: Develop solar, wind, and other renewable
energy technologies, design energy-efficient buildings, improve grid
infrastructure.
Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth:
 Relevance: High unemployment rate, informal sector dominance, lack of
skilled workforce.
 Focus: Create decent jobs, promote entrepreneurship, invest in
infrastructure development.
 Engineering contribution: Develop job-creating technologies, design
infrastructure that supports economic activity, promote innovation and
skills development.
Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure:
 Relevance: Limited industrial development, outdated infrastructure, lack
of research and development.
 Focus: Promote sustainable industrial practices, invest in research and
development, modernize infrastructure.
 Engineering contribution: Develop sustainable industrial technologies,
design and build resilient infrastructure, create innovation hubs and
research facilities.
Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities:
 Relevance: Widening income gap, urban-rural disparities, social
exclusion of marginalized groups.
 Focus: Reduce income inequality, promote social inclusion, invest in
disadvantaged communities.
 Engineering contribution: Design inclusive infrastructure, develop
technologies that benefit marginalized groups, advocate for equitable
distribution of resources.
Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities:
 Relevance: Rapid urbanization, challenges with waste management,
pollution, and affordable housing.
  Focus: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
 Engineering contribution: Develop smart city technologies, design
sustainable transportation systems, manage waste effectively, build green
spaces.
Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production:
 Relevance: High reliance on unsustainable practices, resource depletion,
waste generation.
 Focus: Promote sustainable consumption patterns, reduce waste, improve
resource efficiency.
 Engineering contribution: Design eco-friendly products and processes,
develop circular economy models, promote responsible waste
management.
Goal 13: Climate Action:
 Relevance: Vulnerability to climate change impacts, including droughts,
floods, and rising sea levels.
 Focus: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions, build resilience to climate
change impacts.
 Engineering contribution: Develop renewable energy technologies,
design climate-resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable land-use
practices.
Goal 14: Life Below Water:
 Relevance: Overfishing, pollution, and habitat degradation threaten
marine ecosystems in Nigeria, impacting coastal communities and
livelihoods.
 Focus: Conserve and sustainably use marine resources, protect marine
ecosystems, combat illegal fishing and pollution.
 Engineering contribution: Develop sustainable fishing practices, design
technologies for ocean cleanup and monitoring, create artificial reefs and
protected marine areas.
Goal 15: Life on Land:
 Relevance: Deforestation, land degradation, and biodiversity loss pose
significant challenges in Nigeria.
 Focus: Protect terrestrial ecosystems, conserve biodiversity, combat
desertification and land degradation.
 Engineering contribution: Develop sustainable land-use practices, design
and implement reforestation programs, implement soil conservation
techniques, protect endangered species.
Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions:
  Relevance: Challenges with corruption, security issues, and weak
governance systems in Nigeria.
 Focus: Promote peace and justice, build strong institutions, combat
corruption and violence.
 Engineering contribution: Develop technologies for transparency and
accountability, design infrastructure that promotes social cohesion,
support peacebuilding initiatives.
Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals:
 Relevance: Achieving the SDGs requires collaboration and partnerships
between governments, businesses, civil society, and NGOs.
 Focus: Strengthen global partnerships, mobilize resources, promote
knowledge sharing and technology transfer.
 Engineering contribution: Participate in multi-stakeholder partnerships,
advocate for engineering solutions to the SDGs, share knowledge and
expertise with international partners.

b. Enumerate FOUR role in driving innovation and developing solutions that

address the challenges associated with achieving the SDGs

Engineering Innovation for SDG Achievement:

Engineers play a vital role in driving innovation and developing solutions that
address the challenges associated with achieving the SDGs. This includes:
(i) Developing sustainable infrastructure: Engineers can design and build
resilient roads, bridges, and water treatment plants that contribute to
economic growth and environmental protection.
(ii)Creating renewable energy technologies: Engineers can innovate in solar,
wind, and other renewable energy sources to ensure clean and affordable
energy for all Nigerians.
(iii) Enhancing healthcare systems: Engineers can develop medical devices,
diagnostic tools, and telemedicine solutions to improve healthcare access and
delivery.
(iv) Promoting agricultural productivity: Engineers can design irrigation
systems, agricultural machinery, and post-harvest storage solutions to
increase food production and reduce food waste.
By collaborating with other stakeholders, engineers can ensure their innovations
are socially relevant, culturally appropriate, and economically viable for the
Nigerian context.

c. List and explain FOUR developing robust infrastructure for unlocking Nigeria’s
economic potential and improving the lives of its citizens.
Infrastructure: The Engine of Progress:
Developing robust infrastructure is vital for unlocking Nigeria's economic
potential and improving the lives of its citizens.
(i) Transportation infrastructure: Efficient roads, railways, and ports are
crucial for facilitating trade, connecting markets, and boosting economic
activity.
(ii)Energy infrastructure: Reliable electricity grids and renewable energy
sources are essential for powering industries, homes, and essential
services.
(iii) Water and sanitation infrastructure: Access to clean water and
sanitation facilities is not only a basic human right but also directly
impacts public health and economic development.
(iv) Digital infrastructure: Expanding broadband access and digital
literacy initiatives are key to driving innovation, promoting
entrepreneurship, and connecting rural communities.
Investing in infrastructure development generates jobs, attracts foreign
investment, and ultimately creates a more prosperous and inclusive society.

QUESTION SEVEN

a. Briefly discuss how engineering choices and sustainable development have significant roles
in Engineers
i. Economic sustainability
ii. Environmental sustainability
iii. Social sustainability

Engineering Choices and Sustainable Development:

The decisions engineers make throughout the life cycle of a project – from
design to construction and operation – have significant social, economic, and
environmental consequences.
(i) Social sustainability: Engineers should consider the impact of projects
on communities, ensuring inclusivity, minimizing displacement, and
fostering local participation.
(ii)Economic sustainability: Projects should generate long-term economic
benefits, create jobs, and empower local communities to participate in the
development process.
 (iii) Environmental sustainability: Engineers must prioritize the use
of sustainable materials, minimize environmental impact, and adopt
climate-resilient construction practices.
Engineers, as problem solvers and innovators, hold immense potential to shape
Nigeria's development trajectory. By aligning their skills and expertise with the
SDGs, embracing sustainable practices, and actively contributing to
infrastructure development, they can be the driving force behind building a
future that is prosperous, inclusive, and resilient for generations to come.

b. How do we cultivating a risk –management mindset in an engineer’s?

Cultivating a Risk-Management Mindset:

(i) Proactive planning: Integrating safety considerations from project
conception, identifying potential risks early on allows for effective
mitigation strategies and cost-saving measures.
(ii)Continuous monitoring: Actively monitoring project progress and
potential hazards throughout the development and operation stages. This
ensures timely adjustments and preventative actions.
(iii) Communication and collaboration: Fostering open
communication about safety concerns and ensuring all stakeholders are
aware of risks and mitigation strategies. Collaboration across disciplines
strengthens a project's safety culture.

c. List and explain THREE tools and techniques in Engineering practice

Tools and Techniques:

(i) Hazard identification techniques: HAZOP (Hazard Operability Study),
FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), What-if analysis.
(ii)Risk assessment methodologies: Quantitative (fault tree analysis, event
tree analysis) and qualitative (risk matrices) approaches.
(iii) Software tools: Various software aids support hazard
identification, risk assessment, and safety management.

QUESTION EIGHT

In a tabular form, analyse FIVE Engineering competency skills in terms of

a. Curriculum overview
b. Technical skills
 c. Soft skills and
d. Digital skills

1. Curriculum Overview: Demystifying Engineering Programs in Nigeria:

(i) Foundation courses: Mathematics, physics, chemistry, computer
science, and foundational engineering principles lay the groundwork for
further specialization.
(ii)Core courses: Disciplinary-specific courses cover the theoretical and
practical aspects of your chosen engineering field, e.g., civil engineering
students delve into mechanics, structures, and materials.
(iii) Design and project work: Hands-on design projects and
laboratory experiments provide practical application of your learned skills
and foster problem-solving and teamwork abilities.
(iv) Industrial training: Internships and practical training expose you
to real-world engineering environments, preparing you for professional
practice.
(v) Professional ethics and communication: Courses highlight ethical
considerations, professional communication skills, and teamwork
practices crucial for successful careers.
2. Technical Skills: Unlocking the Toolbox of Your Discipline:
(i) Civil engineering: Structural analysis, mechanics, fluid mechanics,
surveying, materials science, geotechnical engineering.
(ii)Mechanical engineering: Thermodynamics, mechanics, machine design,
control systems, materials science, manufacturing processes.
(iii) Electrical and electronics engineering: Circuit analysis,
electronics, control systems, power systems, signal processing,
communication systems.
(iv) Chemical engineering: Thermodynamics, mass transfer, reactor
design, process control, fluid flow, materials science.
(v) Computer engineering: Software engineering, hardware design,
computer architecture, network engineering, artificial intelligence.
Each discipline within the vast field of engineering demands its own set of
specialized technical skills. Remember, continuous learning and skill
development are crucial throughout your career to stay updated with
technological advancements.

3. Soft Skills: Mastering the Human Side of Engineering:

(i) Communication: Effective written and verbal communication skills are
essential for presenting ideas, collaborating with colleagues, and
explaining technical concepts to diverse audiences.
 (ii)Teamwork: The ability to work effectively with others, manage conflict,
and contribute constructively to team projects is essential for success in
any engineering environment.
(iii) Leadership: Demonstrating initiative, motivating others, and
taking responsibility are essential qualities for engineers who aim to lead
projects and teams.
(iv) Problem-solving: Analytical thinking, creative approaches, and
critical decision-making are crucial for tackling complex engineering
challenges and finding innovative solutions.
(v) Time management and organization: Balancing multiple tasks,
meeting deadlines, and prioritizing effectively are key skills for managing
your workload and delivering deliverables on time.
Developing these soft skills enhances your employability, fosters collaboration,
and allows you to thrive in dynamic engineering environments.

4. Digital Skills: Embracing the Power of Technology:

(i) Software fluency: Proficiency in relevant software for design,
simulation, analysis, and data visualization is becoming increasingly
crucial across all engineering disciplines.
(ii)Data analysis: Understanding statistical tools and data analysis
techniques allows you to interpret data, identify trends, and make
informed decisions based on evidence.
(iii) Digital communication and collaboration: Utilizing online
platforms and tools for communication, project management, and
knowledge sharing enables efficient collaboration and fosters innovation.
(iv) Emerging technologies: Keeping abreast of advancements in
artificial intelligence, automation, and other emerging technologies can
equip you for the future of engineering practice.
By mastering these digital skills, you position yourself as a tech-savvy engineer,
ready to adapt and lead in an increasingly digitalized engineering landscape.

Remember, the journey to becoming a well-rounded engineer is multifaceted.

Explore the specific curriculum and skill requirements of your chosen
engineering program in Nigeria. Actively develop your technical expertise, soft
skills, and digital fluency to become a competent and adaptable engineer
equipped to tackle the challenges and opportunities of the future.