Ecommerce
Ecommerce
E - Electronic
Consists of-
Buyers – these are people with money who want to purchase a good or services.
Sellers – these are people who offer goods and services to buyers
Producers – these are people who create the products and services that seller
offers to buyers
ECOMMERCE
COMMERCE
E process of
Exchange of buying and
Electronic goods and
services selling over
the Internet
Definition of E - Commerce
E-commerce is the process of buying and selling over the Internet, or conducting any
transaction involving the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods or services through a
computer-mediated network without using any paper document.
Electronic commerce refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services.
It also pertains to “any form of business transaction in which the parties interact electronically rather
than by physical exchanges or direct physical contact.”
It is a methodology of modern business which addresses the need of business organizations, vendors
and customers to reduce cost and improve the quality of goods and services while increasing the
speed of delivery. E-commerce refers to paperless exchange of business information using following
ways.
Electronic Data Exchange (EDI)
Electronic Mail (e-mail)
Electronic Bulletin Boards
Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT)
Other Network-based technologies
Brief History of E - Commerce
1970s
• E- commerce meant the facilitation of commercial transactions electronically, using technology such as
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT), allowing businesses to send
commercial documents like purchase orders or invoices electronically.
1980s
• The growth and acceptance of credit cards
• Automated teller machines (ATM)
• Telephone banking
• Airline reservation system
1990s
• The Internet commercialized users flocked to participate in the form of dot-coms, or Internet startups
• Innovative applications ranging from online direct sales to e-learning experiences
2000s
• Many European and American business companies offered their services through the World Wide Web.
• Since then, People began to associate a word "e-commerce"
Types of E - Commerce
The major different types of e-commerce are:
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Business-to-Business (B2B)
Business-to-Government (B2G)
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
B2C e-commerce companies sell directly to the product end-user. Instead
of distributing goods to an intermediary, a B2C company performs
transactions with the consumer that will ultimately use the goods.
Ex- Amazon, Mc Donald etc.
Business-to-Business (B2B)
An e-commerce business can directly sell goods to a user. B2B transactions
often entail larger quantities, greater specifications, and longer lead times.
The company placing the order may also have a need to set recurring goods
if the purchase is for recurring manufacturing processes.
Ex- Heinz selling ketchup to Mc Donald’s, Dell.co, sell products and
services to small, medium, and large enterprise businesses etc.
Business-to-Government (B2G)
Some entities specialize as government contractors providing
goods or services to agencies or administrations. B2G e-
commerce companies must often meet government requests
for proposal requirements, solicit bids for projects, and meet
very specific product or service criteria. Ex- Dell supplies
computers to public sector organization, ppra.org.pk Public
Procurement Regulatory Authority
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
These C2C platforms may be auction-style listings or may warrant further
discussion regarding the item or service being provided (i.e. Craigslist
postings). Enabled by technology, C2C e-commerce platforms empower
consumers to both buy and sell without the need for companies.
Ex- ebay, Olx stc.
Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
A consumer may solicit bids or interact with companies that need particular
jobs done. In this way, the e-commerce platform connects businesses with
freelancers to enable consumers greater power to achieve pricing,
scheduling, and employment demands. For example, consider listings on
Upwork.
Consumer-to-Government (C2G)
Consumers can interact with administrations, agencies, or governments
through C2G partnerships. These partnerships are often not in the exchange
of service but rather, the transaction of obligation. For example, uploading
your federal tax return to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) digital
Process of E - Commerce
1. Attract customers
• Advertising, marketing