CHEMISTRY

TOPIC: ELECTROCHEMISTRY
1.Determine the oxidation numbers of sulphur,S in the following compounds.

SO3, SO42- , ,H2SO4 ,H2SO3

2.Determine the oxidation numbers of nitrogen ,N in the following compounds.

NO2 , NO3- , HNO3 ,HNO2

3.Determine the oxidation numbers of carbon ,C in the following compounds.

CO2 , CO32- , HCO3-

4.Determine the oxidation numbers of manganese ,Mn in the following compounds.

MnSO4 , Mn2O3 , KMnO4 ,MnO2 ,Mn2O5

5.Determine the oxidation numbers of the element in brackets in the following compounds.

a) Cr2O72- (Cr) CrO42- (Cr) ,HCl. (Cl) ,Cl2O7 (Cl) ,HClO3 (Cl)

6.Given the ionic equation below;

SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + I2(aq) 4H +(aq) + SO42-(aq) + 2I-(aq)

Identify the;

a) Reduced species.
b) Reducing agent.
c) Oxidized species.
d) Oxidizing agent.

7.Given the ionic equation below;

2S2O32- (aq) + I2(aq) S 4O62-(aq) + 2I-(aq)

Identify the;

a) Reduced species.
b) Reducing agent.
c) Oxidized species.
d) Oxidizing agent.

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8.Given the ionic equation below;

Cr2O72- (aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6I-(aq) 2Cr3+ (aq) + 2H20(aq) + 3I2(aq)

Identify the;

a) Reduced species.
b) Reducing agent.
c) Oxidized species.
d) Oxidizing agent

9.Given the ionic equation below;

MnO42- (aq) + H+(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(aq) + 5Fe3+ (aq)

Identify the;

a) Reduced species.
b) Reducing agent.
c) Oxidized species.
d) Oxidizing agent

10.In an experiment,a spatula endful of magnesium powder was added into copper (II) sulphate
solution in a test tube.

a) State the observations made.

b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that occurs.

c) using oxidation numbers,show that this is a redox reaction.

11.During a class experiment,chlorine gas was bubbled into a solution of potassium iodide.

a) State the observations made.

b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that occurs.

c) using oxidation numbers,show that this is a redox reaction.

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12.Study the electrode potentials in the table below and answer the question that follow:

(Letters are not the actual symbols of elements)

(E /Volts)

H2+ (aq) + 2 e- H(s) +0.34

Z2+ (aq) + 2e- Z(s) -2.38

G+(aq) + e- G (s) +0.80

T2+ + 2e- T(s) - 2.87

(a) Which one is the strongest reducing agent?

(b) Write the ionic equation for the reaction that takes place when Z is dipped in a solution

of G+ ions

(c) Calculate the E cell value of the reaction in 22.(b) above.

13. Consider the cell diagram below

Cr(s)/Cr3+(aq) // Fe2+(aq)/Fe(s) Eθ = + 0.30V

i) Write the overall cell reaction for the above electrochemical cell

ii) Given that Eθ value for Fe2+(aq) /Fe(s) is -0.40V,calculate the Eθ value for Cr3+(aq)/Cr(s)

14. (a) Study the standard electrode potential for the half-cells given below and answer the
questions that follow.(The letter do not represent the actual symbols of the elements)

Eθ Volts

N+(aq) +e- N(s) ; -2.92

J+(aq) + e- J(s) ; +0.52

K+(aq) + e- ½ K2(g) ; 0.00

½ G2(g) + e- G-(aq) ; +1.36

M2+(aq) + 2e- M(s) ; -0.44

i) Identify the strongest oxidizing agents. Give a reason for your answer

ii) Which two half-cells would produce the highest potential difference when combined?

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iii) In the space below draw a complete electro chemical cell of the two-half cells mentioned in (ii)
above .

15.(a) The table gives the standard redox potentials for a number of half reactions. Use it to answer the
questions that follow:-

(E/Volts)

Zn2+ (aq) + 2e- Zn(s) -0.76

Fe2+ (aq) + 2e- Fe(s) -0.44

I2+ (l) + 2e- 2I- (aq) +0.54

Fe3+ (aq) + e- Fe2+(aq) +0.77

Ag+ + e- Ag(s) +0.88

(i) Relative to which half-cell reaction are the above electrode potentials expressed?

(ii) Calculate the e.m.f of the cell made up by combining the I2(l) /2I-(aq) electrode and

Zn2+(aq)/Zn(s) electrode

(ii) Which of the substances listed in the above table is :-

I. The strongest oxidising agent

II. The strongest reducing agent

(iv) Which substances could be used to convert iodide ions to iodine? Write balanced equations
for any possible conversions

16.a) The standard electrode potential for the elements chlorine and magnesium are:-

Cl2(g) + 2e- 2Cl-(aq) Eθ + 1.36V

Mg2+(aq) + 2e- Mg(s) Eθ - 2.36V

i) Which one of the two elements will act as an oxidizing agent? Explain.

ii) Calculate the electromotive force of a cell where the overall reaction is:-

Cl2(g) + Mg(s) MgCl2(s)

b) The table below gives the reduction standard electrode potentials for divalent metals.
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 The letters are not their actual symbols. Use them to answer the questions that follow:-

Metal Eθ (volts)

P +1.50

Q - 0.44

R +0.34

S +0.76

i) Select two metals whose half cells can produce the highest voltage when connected.

ii) Draw a well labelled diagram of electrochemical cell formed by half-cells of metals P and Q

iii) Calculate the voltage produced by the cell in (ii) above

c) When nitrate solution of a certain metal X was electrolysed, 1.174g of metal X was deposited by a
current of 4 amperes flowing for 16minutes. Determine the formula of the metal nitrate. (1F=
96,500, R.A.M of X= 59)

17. Study the standard electrode potentials for the elements given below and answer the questionsthat
follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements

E

Q 2(g)
+ 2e- 2Q- (aq) +2.87

R2(g) + 2e- 2R-(aq) +1.36

S2+ (aq) + 2e- S (s) + 1.23

2T+(aq) + 2e- T2(g) 0.00

U2+(aq) + 2e- U(s) -0.13

V2+(aq) + 2e- V(s) -0.76

(i) What is the E value of the weakest reducing agent? *

(ii) Which element is likely to be hydrogen? Give a reason for your answer *

(iii) Draw a diagram for the cell that would be obtained when the half cell of elements S and V are
combined *

(iv) Calculate the e.m.f of the electrochemical cell in a (iii) above .

18. Below are the standard electrode potentials for electrodes B and D

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 B2+(aq) + 2e- B(s) – 2.92V

D2+(aq) + 2e- D(s) + 0.34V

(i) Identify the electrode which is ;

(a) The least reducing agent

(b) The strongest oxidizing agent

(ii) Calculate the e.m.f of the cell formed when the two electrodes are connected

(iii) Write a cell representative for the cell above

19.A strip of copper metal was immersed into a nitrate solution of metal Q overnight. Use the

information below to answer questions that follow

E (Volts)

Q(aq) + e- Q(s) +0.80

Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- Cu(s) + 0.34

(a) State the observations made at the end of the experiment

(b) Give a reason for the observations made in (a) above

(c) Calculate the e.m.f of the cell above *

20. Metals K and N were connected to form a cell as shown in the diagram below. Their reduction

potentials are as shown below:

K+(aq) / K(s)  - 0.17V

N+(aq) / N(s) = + 1.1 6V

I. Write the equation for the half-cell reaction that occurs at

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 Metal K electrode

Metal N electrode

II Identify P and state its role in the above setup

(i). Identity of P

(ii) . Role of P in the setup.

III. On the diagram, show the flow of

I. Electrons

II. Current.

IV Calculate cell potential (E) for the cell represented in the setup above

21.Use the cell representation below to answer the questions that follow:-

X(s) /X3+(aq) //W2+(aq) /W(s)

(a) Write the equation for the cell reaction above

(b) If the e.m.f of the cell is 0.30V and E value for W2+/W is -0.44volts, calculate

the E for X3+(aq) /X(s)

22.Given the following half-cells.

V2+(aq) /V(s) Eθ =-0.14V

W2+(aq) /W(s) Eθ =-0.14V

(a) Write the ionic equations for the half-cell that undergoes:

(i) oxidation.

(ii) reduction.

(b) Calculate the e.m.f.

23.The following are electrode potentials of some elements(letters are not actual symbols of elements)

(E/Volts)

W2+ (aq) + 2e- W(s) +0.34

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 X2+ (aq) + 2e- X(s) -2.38

Y+ (aq) + e- Y(s) +0.80

Zn2+ + 2e- Zn(s) -2.87

(a) Which element above is the strongest reducing agent

(b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that takes place when X is dipped in a solution of Y 2+ ions.

(c ) Calculate the cell value of the reaction in (b) above.

24.a) Use the standard electrode potentials for elements A,B,C,D and E given below
to answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual
symbols of the elements.
θ
Standard Electrode Potential E (Volts)
A2+(aq) + 2e A(s) -2.90
B2+(aq) + 2e B(s) -2.38
C+(aq) + e ½ C2(g) -0.00
D2+(aq) + 2e D(s) +0.34
½ E2(g) + e E-(aq)+2.87
i)Which element is likely to be hydrogen?Give a reason for your answer. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
θ
ii) What is E value of the strongest reducing agent? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) In the space provided, draw a labeled diagram of the electrochemicalcell that would be
obtained when half – cell of element B and D are combined. (3mks)

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 θ
iv) Calculate the E volume of the electrochemical cell constructed in (iii) above. (1mk)

b) During the electrolysis of aqueous copper (II) Sulphate using copper

electrodes, a current of 0.2A was passed through the cell for 5hrs.
i) Write an ionic equation that took place at the anode. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Determine the change in mass of the anode which occurred as a result
of the electrolysis process. (Cu = 63.5 , IF = 96500C). (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………
25.(a) The diagram below shows a set-up used to determine the standard electrode potential (E θ)
of Zinc

Flow of elctrons

B
C Zinc electrode

1M H+(aq)
Ions 1M Zn2+(aq)
solutions

A
(i) I. Label parts A and B

A………………………………………….. (1mk)

B………………………………………….. (1mk)

II. Identify substance C

(ii) Write the equations of the reactions that take place at the electrodes (2mks)

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 Anode :

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Cathode :

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Study the standard electrode potentials given below and answer the questions that follow.

The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements

Half reactions Electrode potential Eθ V

P+(aq) + e- P(s) -2.92
R3+(aq) +3e- R(s) -1.35
S2+(aq)+2e- S(s) -0.76
T2+(aq) +2e- T(s) +0.34
V+(aq) + e- V(s) +0.80
W2(g)+2e 2W-(aq) +1.36
(i) Which is the

I. Strongest reducing agent. Explain (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

II. Strongest oxidizing agent. Explain (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Calculate the e.m.f of a cell made by metals S and V (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) During electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a salt of metal Q, a current of 2.0A was passed
for 32 minutes and 10 seconds. The mass of metal Q deposited was 2.24g

(1 Faraday=96500c, RAM of Q=112)

(i) Calculate the quantity of electricity passed (2mks)

(ii) Calculate the charge carried on the ion of metal Q (2mks)

26.a). The table below shows the standard reduction potentials for four half–cells. Study it and
answer the questions that follow (letter are not the actual symbols for the elements)
θ
E (Volts)

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 F2 (g) + 2e- 2F-(aq) +0.54
G2+ (aq) + 2e- G(s) -0.44
H2+ (aq) + 2e- H(s) +0.34
2J+ (aq) + 2e- J2 (g) 0.00

i. Identify the strongest reducing agents. ………………………… (1mk)

ii. Write the equation for the reaction which takes place when solid G is added to a
solution containing H2+ ions. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii. Calculate the E0 value for the reaction in (ii) above. (1mk)

b) The diagram below shows the apparatus that can be used to electrolyse acidified water
to obtain hydrogen and oxygen gases. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

i. Identify the electrode at which oxidation takes place. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. Give a reason why it is necessary to acidify the water. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii. Explain why hydrochloric acid is not used to acidify the water. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) During electrolysis of aqueous copper (II) sulphate 144750 C of electricity were used.
Calculate the mass of copper metal that was obtained (Cu=64;1F =96500C) (2mks)

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(a) The diagram below illustrates an iron-hydrogen electrochemical cell.
Study it and answer the questions that follow.

Given that the E value for Fe2+ (aq) / Fe (s) is -0.44V and that of 2H+ (aq) / H2 (g) is 0.00V:

(i) On which electrode does reduction occur? (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Give the overall redox reaction that takes place in the two half cells. (1 mark )
_____________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Suggest suitable identity of solution X. ( 1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Give two functions of the salt bridge. ( 2 marks )
_____________________________________________________________________________
(b) Electrolysis of aqueous solution of a salt of metal M resulted in the deposition of 1.07g of
the metal upon passage of a current of 1.32 amperes for 75 minutes.
(Relative atomic mass of M = 52, 1 Faraday = 96500 coulombs ).
(i) Calculate the quantity of electricity that passed through the cell. ( 2 marks )

(ii) Calculate the quantity of electricity required to deposit 1 mole of the metal. (2 marks )

(iii) Determine the charge on the metal ion. ( 1 mark )

…..…………………….

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