GLOBAL INSTITUTE DATE: 19-06-24

10 (English)
(CH-01; TEST-01) TIME: QB

Science - I-(1)
MARKS: 649

SEAT NO:

Q.1 Textbook activity question 4

1 Will the direction of the gravitational force change as we go inside the earth?

2 Will your weight remain constant as you go above the surface of the earth?

3 Is there a gravitational force between two objects kept on a table or between you and your friend sitting next to
you? If yes, why don’t the two move towards each other?

4 What would happen if the value of G was twice as large?

Q.2 Multiple Choice Questions 68

1 While rotating a stone tied to a string; on suddenly leaving the string, what happens to the stone?
a. Stone falls freely due to gravity
b. Stone moves along tangential force
c. Stone is projected upwards.
d. Stone continues the circular motion

2 What is the potential energy at infinite distance from Earth?

a. 0 b. – GMm / R2 c. GM / R2 d. infinity

3 _____ is the natural satellite of the earth.

a) Sun b) Earth c) Moon d) Mars
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4 LIGO stands for -
a. Laser Interferometry Gravitational wave observatory
b. Light Intermissionary Gravity observatory
c. Laser Intermissionary Gravitational observatory
d. Light Interference Gravitational waves observatory

5 The weight of any object on the moon is nearly ....... of the weight on the earth.
a) 1/6 b) 1/8 c) 1/2 d) 2/5

6 The numerical value of universal gravitational constant is ______.

a. 9.8 N
b. 9.8 m/s2
c. 6.7 x 10-11 Nm2 kg2
d. 6.7 x 10-11 Nm2 kg-2

7 Which of the following is observed only during circular motion?

a. uniform acceleration
b. uniform velocity
c. Escape velocity
d. Centripetal Force

8 The free fall of an object is possible only in .......

a) air
b) vaccum
c) on the surface of the earth
d) None of these

9 CGS unit of Gravitational constant is ..............

a. dyne cm2 g-1 s-1 b. dyne cm2 g-2 c. dyne m2 kg-2 d. dyne cm2 kg-2

10 The orbit of a planet revolving around a star is ...........

 a) circular b) linear c) towardsthe foot point d) elliptical

11 The force of gravitation increases as -

a. mass of object increases
b. the distance increases
c. mass of the object is halved
d. squaring the distance

12 The motion of an object which is in a circular path called as _____

a) linear motion b) Circular motion c) Uniform motion d) Oscillatory motion

13 The phenomenon of gravitation was discovered by _______

a) Michael faraday b) Sir Issac Newton c) Oerested d) Kepler

14 The gravitational force is ________ the other forces in nature.

a. the same as b. weaker than
c. stronger than d. not related to

15 At the poles the value of g is _____

a) 9.832 m/s2 b) 9.752 m/s2 c) 9.4 m/s2 d) 9.6 m/s2

16 A person weighs 60N on Earth. His weight on the moon will be ______.
a. 360N b. 60N c. 6N d. 10N

17 The amount of matter present in an object is ..........

a) volume b) density c) pressure d) mass

18 The formula for escape velocity is ________.

−−−− −−− −−−−
−−
−
a. √ 2M

R
b. √ 2GM

R
c. √ GM

2
d. √ GMm

2
R R

19 The mass of the earth is ____

a) 8 × 1024 kg b) 7 × 1024 kg c) 6 × 1024 kg d) 5 × 10–24 kg
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20 The value of gravitational accelration (g) is ....... the equator.
a) 9.78 m/s2 b) 9.32 m/s2 c) 9.8 m/s2 d) 6.67 m/s2

21 A _____ is necessary to change the speed as well as the direction of motion of an object
a) force b) inertia c) momentum d) motion

22 The gravitational force between two objects becomes ________ times when the masses of both the objects are
doubled.
a. two b. three c. four d. half

23 The value of universal gravitational constant (G) SI unit is ...........

a) 6.673 × 10–11 Nm2 /kg2
b) 6.673 × 1011 Nm/kg
c) 9.673 × 10–11 Nm/kg
d) 9.673 × 10–11 Nm2 /kg2

24 The SI unit of mass is ______

a) kg b) gm c) m d) cm

25 The second kinematical equation for freely falling body is:

a. v = gt b. s = gt2 1
c. v2 = 2gs d. v = gs2
2

26 Higher is the mass, higher is the _____

a) volume b) weight c) mass d) inertia

27 The branch of mathematics invented by Newton is ______

a) Calculus b) Mathematics c) Calculation d) None of these

28 The value of G on the earth is ___

a) 6.67×10–22 NM2 /kg2
b) 6.67×10–24 NM2 /kg2
 c) 6.67×10–11 NM2 /kg2
d) 6.67×10–10 NM2 /kg2

29 The ........ force is much weaker then other forces in nature

a) gravitational b) electromagnetic c) nuclear force d) inter molecular

30 The value of ‘g’ at the equator is _____

a) 9.832 m/s2 b) 9.78 m/s2 c) 9 m/s2 d) 9.7 m/s2

31 In the space station, the value of ‘g’ is only ____less than its value on the surface of earth.
a) 10% b) 11% c) 12% d) 13%

32 The value of acceleration due to gravity ____

a) is same on equator and poles
b) is least on poles
c) is least on equator
d) is maximum at the centre of the earth

33 What will be the weight of a person on earth, who weighs 9N on the moon?
a. 3 N b. 15 N c. 45 N d. 54 N

34 If a person weighs 60 kg on the surface of Earth, what will be his weight when he is taken to the centre of
Earth?
a. 120 kg b. 6 kg c. 0 kg d. 30 kg

35 Force is a _____ quantity

a) Scalar b) Chemical c) Vector d) None of these

36 Force is necessary for ______

a) to change speed b) to change direction c) to move the object d)All of these

37 If the mass of one object is doubled, the force between the two objects will become
a) double b) half c) four times d) one fourth
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38 ge , gmo, and gma are the acceleration due to gravity on Earth, Moon, and Mars, respectively. Which of the
following is correct?
a. ge > gmo > gma b. ge > gma >gmo
c. gma > gmo > ge d. gma > ge > gmo

39 V2 = –––––
a) u + 2as b) u – 2as c) u2 + 2as d) u2 – 2as

40 The value of gravitational accelration (g) is ....... the equator.

a) highest at the poles
b) highest at the equator
c) same everywhere on the surface of the earth
d) lowest at the poles

41 What is the direction of the force exerted on the Moon by Earth?

a. Towards the centre of Earth b. Towards the centre of the Moon
c. Towards the Sun d. None of these

42 If the distance between the two objects is doubled, the force between them-
a. increase by factor 4 b. doubles c. decrease by factor 4 d. become hay

43 _____ is the same everywhere.

a) weight b) mass c) volume d) distance

44 The gravitational force between the two bodies is directly proportional to the product of the mass of these
bodies and is ........ of the distance between them.
a) inversely proportional to the square
b) directly proportional to the square
c) inversely proportional to the cube
d) inversely proportional to the square root
45 Value of G is ..............
a. 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2kg-2
b. 6.67 x 10-23 Nm2 kg-2
c. 9.8 x 10-11 Nm2kg2
d. 9.8 m/s2

46 If a body is taken from the equator to the pole, its mass ____
a) goes on increasing
b) goes on decreasing
c) remains unchanged
d) increases if taken to the north pole and decreases if taken to the south pole

47 If no air resistance is present, will two objects with different masses reach the ground at the same time from
the same height?
a. No b. Depends on the condition
c. Yes d. None of these

48 …………… waves are called the waves on fabric of space-time.

a. Light waves b. Electromagnetic c. Gravitational d. Gamma

49 A person weighs 9 N on the moon. What will be his weight on Earth?

a. 3 N b. 15 N c. 45 N d. 54 N

50 If a whirling stone tied to a string is released, the stone will fly off in a direction ______________.
a. parallel to the circle b. towards the centre of the circle
c. tangential to the circle d. none of these

51 Value of g is more at ..............

a. Polar region b. equatorial region
c. about 100 km from surface d. a pit 20km deep
52 By using second law of Kepler’s planetary motion, what is true for the given diagram?
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a. Area ASB = Area PSR. b. V1 = V2

c. t1 = t2 d. V1 t2 = V2 t1 = (ASB + PSR)
53 The value of ‘g’ at the depth from the ground goes on ___
a) increasing b) fluctuating c) decreasing d) varying

54 Value of g is zero at ...............

a. Extreme height b. Centre of the earth c. Polar zone d. Equatorial zone

55 The centre of mass of a spherical object having uniform density is at ________.

a. its geometrical centre b. a point inside the object
c. a point outside the object d. none of these

56 What is the weight of an object with 10 kg mass?

a. 10 N b. 9.8 N c. 98 N d. 0.98 N

57 The formula of gravitational potential energy is _____

a) P.E. = mgh
b) P.E. = GM m

Rth

c) P.E. = GM

d) P.E. = Gm

58 Higher is the mass, higher is the _____

a) volume b) weight c) mass d) inertia
 59 The square of its period of revolution around the sun is directly proportional to the of the mean distance of a
planet from the sun. ...........
a) square b) square root c) cube d) cube root

60 What is the centripetal force acting on a body of mass 1 kg, moving along a circle of radius 1 m with a speed
of 1 m/s?
a. 10−3 N b. 103 N c. 1 N d. 0.1 N

61 The following figure shows a stone tied to a string moving along a circular path in anticlockwise direction.
What is the direction of the tangential velocity of the stone at the point A?

a. ← b. → c. ↑ d. ↓

62 Will the direction of the gravitational force change as we go inside Earth?

a. Yes b. Depends on the condition
c. No d. None of these

63 A person weighs 60 N on the earth, his weight on the moon will be ........
a) 360 N b) 60 N c) 6 N d) 10 N

64 Because of _____ force, the object gets attracted towards the earth.
a) mechanical b) gravitational c) physical d) electric
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65 A man inside an artificial satellite feels weightlessness because the force of attraction due to earth is ____
a) zero at that place
b) is balanced by the force of attraction due to moon
c) equal to the centripetal force
d) non-effective due to particular design of the satellite

66 invented a new branch of mathematics i.e. calculus.

a. Galileo b. Kepler c. Newton d. Faraday

67 The motion of blades of a fan is ______

a) non-uniform b) uniform c) random d) oscillatory

68 The mass of the earth is ____ kg

a) 6 × 106 b) 6.4 × 106 c) 6 × 1024 d) 6.4 × 1024

Q.3 Find the odd one out 13

1 v = gt, s = gt2 , F = mg, v2 = 2gs

2 Weight, Centripetal force, Potential energy, Acceleration due to gravity

3 Light, sound, heat, laws of planetary motion

4 Mass, potential energy, radius, weight.

5 Weight, thrust, force, pressure

6 Gravitational Force, Centripetal force, Gravitational constant, Weight of an object

7 Grams, Newton, Centimeters, Dyne

8 Mass, Weight, Acceleration due to gravity, Radial distance

9 Speed, Velocity, Displacement, Acceleration

 10 Acceleration, mass, force, weight

11 Mass, Force, Velocity, Displacement

12 kg, gram, meter, second.

13 Newton, Ohm, Kepler, Galileo

Q.4 Find co-related terms 14

1 For free fall first kinematical equation: v = gt :: For free fall second kinematical equation: _________________.

2 Weight : Vector : : Mass : ____

3 Object in motion : kinetic energy :: Object in stable position : ……………..

4 Force : dynes :: velocity : ……………

5 Isaac Newton : Laws of motion :: Kepler : _____________

6 Mass : m : : ____ : F

7 At poles the value of g : 9.83 m/s2 : : At equator the value of g : _____

8 SI unit of G : Nm2 /kg2 : : CGS unit of G :.........

9 Increasing magnitude : Acceleration :: Decreasing magnitude : ……………

10 Initial velocity during free fall : 0 m/s : acceleration during free fall : ……………

11 Planetary motion : Kepler :: Gravitation : ……………

12 Laws of motion : Newton : : Laws of planetary motion : _______

13 First equation of motion : v = u + at :: _________________ : v = gt

14 Mass : kg : : Weight : ______

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Q.5 Match the pair 10
1 Column A Column B
i) Mass a) m/s
ii) Weight b) m/s2
iii) Acceleration c) kg
iv) Velocity d) N
2
I II III

i. Acceleration due to gravity m/s2 Zero at the centre

ii. Gravitational constant Kg Measure of inertia

Nm2/Kg2 Same in entire universe

N Depends on height

3
I II III

i. Mass m/s2 Zero at the centre

ii. Weight Kg Measure of inertia

Nm2/Kg2 Same in the entire universe

N Depends on height

4
I II III

i. Uniform motion N Beyond gravitational limit

 ii. Escape velocity a=0 m/s2 Radial towards centre

Joule Increases with height

m/s Object at rest

5 Column "A" Column "B"

1. Acceleration due to gravity a.

Gm1 m2

2
r

2. Potential energy at the surface

1

b. ( 2 GM
)
2

c.
− GMm

2
R

d .
GM

2
R

6
I II III

i. Centripetal Force N Beyond gravitational limit

ii. Potential energy a=0 m/s2 Radial towards centre

Joule Increases with height

m/s Object at rest

7 Column A Column B
i) Acceleration due to gravity a) mv2 /r
ii) Gravitational force b)− GM m

R+h

iii) Centripetal force c) GM

2
R

iv) Gravitational potential energy Poweredd)

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GM m

2
R

8 Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’

a) Force 1. Kilogram
b) Mass 2. Meter
3. Newton

9 Column A Column B
i) Kepler’s third law a)− GM m

R+h

ii) Law of gravitation b)T 2

α r
3

iii) Gravitational potential energy c) F α

m1 m2

r2

iv) Escape velocity d) √ 2GM

e) GM

2
R

10
Column "A" Column "B"

i. Escape velocity a. v = gt

ii. Free fall velocity b.

GM

2
R

c.
− GMm

2
R

d. ( 2 GM
)
2

Q.6 State True or False 21

1 Value of g varies with altitude

2 The motion of an object which is along a circular path is called as random motion.
 3 At a stable position, any object has stored energy called kinetic energy.

4 The orbit in which Earth revolves around Sun is perfectly circular.

5 The speed of release of an object does not depend on the mass of the object.

6 The value of G varies from place to place.

7 The value of g is 9.78 m/s2 at the poles.

8 The value of g is zero at centre of Earth.

9 Object thrown upwards exhibit positive acceleration.

10 The SI unit of weight is dyne.

11 The CGS unit of G is dyne.

cm2

g2

12 In circular motion, object experiences centripetal force.

13 The value of ‘g’ always remains the same at every place.

14 Newton gave the three laws of planetary motion.

15 v = u + at is the third kinematical equation of motion.

16 An object moves under the influence of the force of gravity

17 High tide and Low tide is result of gravitational force of Sun.

18 Newton was the first scientist to construct a refracting telescope.

19 True unit of weight is Newton.

20 Mass is a qualitative measure of the inertia of an object.

21 The earth can’t attract every object near it towards

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By SAAR because of the gravitational force.

Q.7 Name the following 3

1

2 If g = GM/r2 then where will the value of g be high at Goa Beach or on top of Mount Everest?

3 Give formula for gravitational potential energy at height h from the surface of earth.

Q.8 Give scientific reasons 32

1 There is no atmosphere on the Moon.

2 The centre of mass of any object having uniform density is at its centroid.

3 True free fall is possible only in vacuum.

4 The value of acceleration ‘g’ is greater at the poles than at the equator.

5 Space travellers as well as objects in the spacecraft appear to be floating.

6 When we drop a feather and a stone at the same time from a height, the stone reaches Earth faster than the
feather.

7 If the value of ‘g’ suddenly becomes twice its value, it will become two times more difficult to pull a heavy
object along the floor.

8 The Moon does not fall and collide with Earth.

9 An object thrown upwards falls towards Earth, but Earth does not move towards the object.
 10 Weight of the person on the earth and on the moon is very different.

11 Objects in a spacecraft remain stationary with respect to the persons in the spacecraft.

12 Value of ‘g’ at the centre of the earth is zero.

13 The weight of an object changes from place to place though its mass is constant.

14 When we drop a feather and a heavy stone at the same time from a height, they do not reach the earth at the
same time.

15 An object thrown upwards falls vertically down towards Earth.

16 The value of gravitational acceleration (g) is taken to be as ‘g’ when studying the motion of an object thrown
upwards in a straight line.

Q.9 Solve Numerical problems. 74

1 The radius and gravity of the Moon are 1,737 km and 1.62 m/s2, respectively. Calculate the escape velocity on
the Moon.

2 A body is dropped freely under gravity from the top of a tower of height 80 m. Calculate i) The time to reach the
ground and ii) The velocity with which it strikes the ground. (Assume value of ‘g’ = 10 m/s2)

3 What would be the value of ‘g’ on the surface of Earth if its mass was twice as large and its radius half of what
it is now?

4 There is a body in space which has mass twice as much as the earth and a radius thrice as much as the earth.
If the weight of a book on earth is 90 N, what will be its weight on that body ?

5 An object is thrown vertically upwards and rises to a height of 20 m. Calculate (a) the velocity with which the
object was thrown upwards. (b) the time taken by the object to reach the highest point. (g = 10 m/s2)

6 Suppose you are standing on a tall ladder. If your distance from the centre of the earth is 2R, what will be your
weight? Powered By SAAR EDUCATION

7 A tennis ball is thrown up and reaches a height of 4.05 m before coming down. What was its initial velocity?
How much total time will it take to come down? Assume g = 10 m/s2.

8 A truck starts from rest and rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration. It travels a distance of 400 m in 20s.
Find the acceleration. Also find the force acting on it if mass is 7000 kg.

9 An iron ball of mass 150 g is attached to one end of a string and rotated horizontally along a circle of radius 1
m. If its speed is 8 m/s, what is the centripetal force acting on it?

10

11 The mass of planet ‘X’ is four times that of the earth and its radius is double the radius of the earth. The
escape velocity of a body from the earth is 11.2 × 103 m/s. Find the escape velocity of a body from the planet
‘X’.

12 What is the force of gravity on a body of mass 150 kg lying on the surface of the earth?

13 An iron ball of mass 3 kg is released from a height of 125 m and falls freely to the ground. Assuming that the
value of ‘g’ is 10 m/s2 , calculate :
i) Time taken by the ball to reach the ground
 ii) Velocity of the ball on reaching the ground.
iii) The height of the ball at half the time it takes to reach the ground.

14 An artificial satellite of mass 50 kg orbits around Earth at a height of 25,000 km from the surface of Earth.
What will be its gravitational potential energy? (Given: Radius of Earth, R = 6,400 x 103 m, Mass of Earth, M = 6
x 1024 kg)

15 If a person weighs 750 N on earth, how much would be his weight on the Moon given that moon’s mass is 1

81

of that of the earth and its radius is 1

3.7
of that of the earth ?

16 An object takes 5 s to reach the ground from a height of 5m on a planet. What is value of g on the planet?

17 In the above example, assuming that the bench on which Mahendra is sitting is frictionless, starting with zero
velocity, what will be Mahendra’s velocity of motion towards Virat after 1 s ? Will this velocity change with time
and how?

18 Show that in SI units, the unit of G is Newton m2 kg-2. The value of G was first experimentally measured by
Henry Cavendish. In SI units its value is 6.673 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2.

19 The radius of planet A is half the radius of planet B. If mass of A is MA, what must be mass of B so that value
of g on B is half that of its value on A?

20 Calculate the escape velocity on the surface of the moon given the mass and radi us of the moon to be 7.34 ×
1022 kg and 1.74 × 106 m respectively.

21 If a person weighs 750N on Earth, what will be the weight of the person on Moon?
(The mass of Moon is times the mass of Earth and its radius is
1

81
times that of Earth.
1

3.7

22 Calculate the gravitational force due to the earth on Mahendra in the earlier example.

23 Imagine you are standing at a height 4 times the radius of Earth, what will be your weight?

24 Calculate the escape velocity on the surface of the moon given the mass and radius of the moon to be 7.34 ×
1022 kg and 1.74 × 106 m respectively.
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25 Calculate the force between the sun and Jupiter. Assume that the mass of the sun = 2 × 1030 kg, the mass of
the Jupiter = 1.89 × 1027 kg and the radius of Jupiter’s orbit = 7.73 × 1011 m. (G = 6.7 × 10–11 Nm2 /kg2)

26 Mahendra and Virat are sitting at a distance of 1 metre from each other. Their masses are 75 kg and 80 kg,
respectively.
What is the gravitational force between them? G = 6.67 x 10 – 11 Nm2 /kg2

27 Write down the weight of a 50 kg mass on the earth (g = 9.8 m/s2)

28 Calculate the value of acceleration due to gravity at a height 3R from the centre of the earth

29 A stone is thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 20 m/s. How high will it go before it begins to fall ? (g =
9.8 m/s2)

30 Calculate the escape velocity on earth’s surface for an object of mass 10 kg.

31

32 Let the period of revolution of a plant at a distance R from a star be T prove that if it was at distance 2R, its
period of revolution will be √–
8 T.

33 Calculate the escape velocity on the surface of the planet having radius 1100 km and acceleration due to the
gravity on the surface (as 1.6 m/s2 .)

34 A metal ball of mass 5 kg falls from a height of 490 m. How much time it will take to reach the ground?

35 If the mass of an object is 10 kg, what is its weight ? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

 36 The mass and weight of an object on earth are 5 kg and 49 N respectively. What will be their values on Moon?
Assume that the acceleration due to gravity on the moon is 1/6 th of that of the earth.

37 The masses of earth and moon are 6 × 1024 kg and 7.4 × 1022 kg respectively. The distance between them is
3.84 × 105 km. Calculate gravitational force of attraction between the two? (G = 6.7 × 10-11 NM2 kg-2).

Q.10 Write Short Notes on 18

1 Earth’s gravitational acceleration

2 Universal gravitational constant

3 Weightlessness in space.

4 Gravitational potential energy

5 Weight :

7 Mass and Weight

8 Free fall

9 Mass :

Q.11 Complete the given flow chart / table / diagram 8

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1

3
Scientists Discovery

Sir Issac Newton ...............

............... Free Fall experiment

Johannes Kepler ...............

............... Value of 'G'

4
Earth Moon

Mass (kg) A ...............

 Weight (N) B ...............

Q.12 Laws/define/principles 8
1 Newton’s universal law of gravitation

2 Newton’s law of gravitation is called the universal law of gravitation.

3 Define the following:

1. Acceleration due to gravity
2. Free fall

4 Define escape velocity.

Q.13 Write Distinguish between 10

1 Universal gravitational constant and Gravitational acceleration of the earth

2 Light Waves and Gravitational Waves

3 Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy

4 Mass and Weight

5 Mass and Weight of an object

Q.14 Answer the following. 166

1 The moon is acted upon by the gravitational pull of earth, still it does not fall onto the earth. Explain why.

2 Why is the weight of an object less on a mountain than at sea level ?

3 What is mass ?

4 State Newton’s universal law of gravitational pull of earth. Express it with the mathematical form of force of
gravitation.

5 Powered
What are the effects of force acting on By?SAAR EDUCATION
an object

6 Give some examples of uniform circular motion.

7 State the Newton’s universal law of gravitation.

8 Why do we require force?

9 Show that in SI units, the unit of G is newton m2kg–2 .

10 Explain the terms involved in the given formula: F

m1 m2
= G
2
d

11 What is uniform circular motion ?

12 What do you know about the gravitational force?

13 In the spacecraft, travellers and objects appear floating.

14 Why is the weight of a body less at equator than at poles ?

15 What are the effects of a force acting on an object?

16 ‘G’ is called universal gravitational constant.

17 Define centripetal force.

18 Do things move towards each other due to gravitational force? Why?

19 What types of forces are you familiar with?

20 State the Kepler ’s laws of planetary motion

21 Will the value of ‘g’ be the same everywhere on the surface of Earth? Justify your answer.

22 Moon and artificial satellites are in free fall.

23 Define : escape velocity

24 Identify the mistake in the given diagram and draw it again.

25 What happens when the mass of one object is doubled ?

26 The gravitational force due to the earth also acts on the moon because of which it revolves around the earth.
Similar situation exists for the artificial satellites orbiting the earth. The moon and the artificial satellites
orbiting the earth. The moon and the artificial satellites orbit the earth. The earth attracts them towards itself
but unlike the falling apple, they do not fall on the earth, why ?

27 What are high tides and low tides ?

28 According to Newton’s law of gravitation, earths gravitational force is higher on an object of larger mass. Why
doesn’t that object fall down with higher velocity as compared to an object with lower mass ?

29 Will your weight remain constant as you go above the surface of the earth ?

30 An object released from a certain height falls vertically downwards.

31 One can jump higher on the surface of the moon than on the earth.

32 What is the cause of ocean tide ?

33 What is escape velocity ? Obtain its expression.

34 If the area ESF is equal to area ASB, what will you infer about EF?

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35 According to Newton’s law of gravitation, every object attracts every other object. Thus, if the earth attracts an
apple towards itself, the apple also attracts the earth towards itself with the same force. Why then does the
apple fall towards the earth, but the earth does not move towards the apple ?

36 Why is the value of ‘g’ variable on the surface of earth ?

37 What would happen if there is no gravity on Earth?

38 Explain the terms in the following formula :g =

GM

2
R

39 Write SI and CGS units of G.

40 Define : centripetal force ?

41 According to Newton’s law of gravitation, earth’s gravitational force is higher on an object of larger mass. Why
doesn’t that object fall down with higher velocity as compared to an object with lower mass?

42 Write the equations of motion if an object is thrown in vertically upward direction.

43 What is the meaning of weight ?

44 What is earth’s gravitational acceleration ?

45 The earth is acted upon by the gravitational force of attraction due to the sun. Then why does the earth not fall
towards the sun ?
46 Write the formula and SI unit of potential energy.

47 What are Newton’s laws of motion?

48 What is light ? Which are the different types of electromagnetic waves ?

49 According to Newton’s law of gravitation, every object attracts every other object.

50 The value of ‘g’ decreases as we go inside Earth.

51 A body weighs more at poles and less at equator.

52 The weight of an object changes from place to place though its mass is constant.

53 What is weight ? Write its formula and its SI unit.

54 If the area ESF in (fig. 1.4) is equal to area ASB, what will you infer about EF ?

55 Variation in value of 'g' with change along the surface of the earth. Discuss.

56 What would happen if there were no gravity?

57 What is light ?

58 Define: free fall

59 What are the Newton’s laws of motion ?

60 Define potential energy.

61 What types of forces are you familiar with?

62 What is the weight of an object at the centre of the earth ?

63 What would happen if the Sun disappears?

64 Starting from rest, what will be Mahendra’s velocity after one second if he is falling down due to the
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gravitational force of the earth?

65 What is meant by potential energy ? What will be the potential energy of an object if it is at a height of ‘h’ from
the surface of earth and ‘M’ and ‘R’ are the mass and radius of the earth respectively ?

66 What would be the value of ‘g’ on the surface of the earth if its mass was twice and its radius half of what it is
now ?

67 Why does each object get attracted towards the earth ?

68 Write four examples of circular motion.

69 Write proper answer in the box:

If F = then F =

70 What is the value of G ?

71 Who discovered the phenomenon of gravitation?

72 The value of ‘g’ is zero at the centre of the earth.

73 acceleration due to gravity,

74 Define 1 kg weight and express it in Newton.

75 What do you know about the gravitational force ?

76 Suppose you are standing on a tall ladder. If your distance from the centre of the earth is 2R, what will be your
weight ?

77 What is gravitation ?
 78 What is force ?

79 What is the value of acceleration due to gravity on the surface of moon ?

80 Define Kepler ’s third law and derive mathematically to obtain constant.

81 What will be the direction of acceleration due to gravity if the body is thrown vertically upward ?

82 What will be the value of g at the centre of the earth ?

83 Study the entries in the following table and rewrite them putting the connected items in a single row.

Q.15 Give examples 4

1 Give examples of Electromagnetic waves.

2 Give any four examples of naturally occurring circular motion.

Q.16 Give explanation using the given statements 15

1 Activity :
a.Tie a stone to one end of a string. Take the other end in your hand and rotate the string so that the stone
moves along a circle.
b.Release the string. In this case, the stone will fly off along a straight line when the string is released.
Questions :
i. When the stone is being rotated through string, which motion is the stone in ?
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gets thrown away ?
iii.What is the major force acting on the stone during rotation ?
2 Gravitational potential energy is zero at infinite distance from Earth.

3 The objects with a larger mass do not fall down with higher velocity as compared to an object with a smaller
mass.

4 The value of g also changes if we go inside the earth. The value of R i.e distance decreases and one would
think that the value of g should increase as per the formula. However, the part of the earth which contributes
towards the gravitational force felt by the object also decreases. As a combined result of change in r and M,
the value of g decreases as we go deep inside the earth.
i. What is expected change in value of 'g' as the distance decrease ?
ii.What will be the value of 'g' at the centre of the earth ?
5 Read the statements given below. Identify and write the concept upon which the given statement is based.
i. Gravitational force is a universal force.
ii. The force which acts on planet and is responsible for its circular motion
iii. The earth attracts every object near it towards itself which is the force.
iv. Shashi drops a feather and a heavy stone at the same time from a height, they reach the earth at the same
time. Where is this experiment performed.
v. Rashi throws an object vertically upward, the object comes to rest and stays there, what is the distance of
object from earth.
vi. In f =
Gm1 m2

2
, the value of which variable is 6.673 × 10-11 NM2kg-2
d

Q.17 Complete the table / chart. 3

1 Complete the table :

Terms Units of Measurement

Universal gravitational constant ..................

 Weight ..................

.................. Kg

Velocity ..................

Acceleration due to gravity ..................

.................. s

Q.18 Explain with the help of examples 6

1 Atmosphere of giant planets mostly comprises light gases.

a. b.
Explain the given diagram.

Q.19 Solve Numerical problems 45

1 Show that in SI units, the unit of G is N m2 kg–2.
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2 A stone thrown vertically upwards with initial velocity ‘u’ reached a height ‘h’ before coming down. Show that
the time taken to go up is the same as the time taken to come down.

3 The Moon has a period of revolution of 2.35 × 106s and its distance from Earth is 3.80 × 108m. What is its
centripetal acceleration?

4 An iron ball of mass 3 kg is released from a height of 125 m and falls freely to the ground. Assuming that the
value of ‘g’ is 10 m/s2 , calculate:
a. time taken by the ball to reach the ground
b. velocity of the ball on reaching the ground

5 What would be the value of ‘g’ on the surface of the earth if its mass was twice and its radius half of what it is
now ?

6 An object thrown vertically upwards reaches height of 500m. What was its initial velocity? How long will it take
to come back to the earth? Assume g = 10m/s.

7 A stone thrown vertically upwards with initial velocity 'u' reaches a height ‘h’ before coming down. Show that
time taken to go up is same as time taken to come down.

8 A ball falls off a table and reaches ground in 1 s. assuming g = 10m/s2, calculate its speed on reaching the
ground and the height of the table.

9 The radius of planet A is half the radius of planet B. If the mass of A is MA, what must be the mass of B so that
the value of ‘g’ on B is half that of its value on A?

10 An object thrown vertically upwards reaches height of 500m. What was its initial velocity? How long will it take
to come back to the earth? Assume g = 10m/s

11 The mass of the earth is 6 × 1024 kg. The distance between the earth and Sun is 1.5 × 1011m. If gravitational
force between them is 3.5 × 1022N, what is the mass of the sun? (G = 6.7 × 10-11 NM2 kg-2)
 12 An iron ball of mass 3 kg is released from a height of 125 m and falls freely to the ground. Assuming that the
value of g is 10 m/s2, calculate
(i) time taken by the ball to reach the ground
(ii) velocity of the ball on reaching the ground
(iii) the height of the ball at half the time it takes to reach the ground.

13 The mass and density of Mars are 6.42× 1023 kg and 3,940 kg/m3, respectively. What is the escape velocity?

14 A tennis ball is thrown up and reaches a height of 4.05 m before coming down. What was its initial velocity?
How much total time will it take to come down?
(Assume g = 10 m/s2)

15 A ball falls off a table and reaches ground in 1 s. Assuming g = 10m/s2, calculate its speed on reaching the
ground and the height of the table.

Q.20 Write laws, theories and explain. 6

1 The value of 'g' changes with the height ? Explain ?

2 Identify the laws shown in the figure and state three respective laws.

Q.21 Answer the following based on the paragraphs 15

1 If the value of g suddenly becomes twice its value, it will becomes two times more difficult to pull a heavy
object along the floor. Why ?

2 The centre of mass of an object is the point inside or outside the object at which the total mass of the object
can be assumed to be concentrated. The centre of mass of a spherical object having uniform density is at its
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having uniform density is at its centroid.
i. Where can the total mass of an object be assumed to be concentrated ?
ii. Where is the centre of mass located for an object of uniform density ?
iii. Where is the centre of mass located for a spherical object ?

3 A stone thrown vertically upwards with initial velocity ‘u’ reaches a height ‘h’ before coming down. Show that
the time taken to go up is the same as the time taken to come down.

4 Waves are created on the surface of water when we drop a stone into it. Similarly you must have seen the
waves generated on a string when both its ends are held in hand and it is shaken. Light is also a type of wave
called the electromagnetic wave. Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, microwave and radio
waves are all different types of electromagnetic waves. Astronomical objects emit these waves and we receive
them using our instruments. All our knowledge about the universe has been obtained through these waves.
Gravitational waves are a very different type of waves. They have been called the waves on the fabric of space-
time. Einsteine predicted their existence in 1916. These waves are very weak and it is very difficult to detect
them. Scientists have constructed extremely sensitive instruments to detect the gravitational waves emitted
by astronomical sources. Among these, LIGO (Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Observatory) is the
prominent one. Exactly after hundred years of their prediction, scientists detected these waves coming from
an astronomical source. Indian scientists have contributed significantly in this discovery. This discovery has
opened a new path to obtain information about the Universe.
i. Which type of wave a light ray is ? (1 marks)
ii. What type of rays are Gravitational waves called ? (1 marks)
iii.Why are the gravitational waves difficult to detect ?(1 marks)
iv.Give any four examples of electromagnetic waves. (2 marks)
5 Waves are created on the surface of water when we drop a stone into it. Similarly you must have seen the
waves generated on a string when both its ends are held in hand and it is shaken. Light is also a type of wave
called the electromagnetic wave. Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, microwave and radio
waves are all different types of electromagnetic waves. Astronomical objects emit these waves and we receive
them using our instruments. All our knowledge about the universe has been obtained through these waves.
 Gravitational waves are a very different type of waves. They have been called the waves on the fabric of space-
time. Einstein predicted their existence in 1916. These waves are very weak and it is very difficult to detect
them. Scientists have constructed extremely sensitive instruments to detect the gravitational waves emitted
by astronomical sources. Among these, LIGO (Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Observatory) is the
prominent one. Exactly after a hundred years of their prediction, scientists detected these waves coming from
an astronomical source. Indian scientists have contributed significantly in this discovery. This discovery has
opened a new path to obtain information about the Universe.
i. What are the different types of electro magnetic waves ?
ii. What are the waves on the fabric of spacetime called ?
iii. Is it easy to detect gravitational waves ?
iv. What is the device used to detect gravitational waves ?

Q.22 Complete the paragraph. 12

1 Complete the paragraph:
(negative, decreases, potential, relative, zero, large, increases, small)
The energy stored in an object because of its position or state is called ................ energy. This energy is
................ and ............... as we go to greater heights from the surface of the earth. We had assumed that the
potential energy of an object of mass m, at a height h from the ground is mgh and on the ground it
is .............. When h is ............... compared to the radius R of the earth, we can assume g to be constant and
can use the above formula (mgh). But for large values of h, the value of g decreases with increase in h. For an
object at infinite distance from the earth, the value of g is zero and earth’s gravitational force does not act on
the object. So it is more appropriate to assume the value of potential energy to be zero there. Thus, for smaller
distances, i.e. heights, the potential energy is less than zero, i.e. it is ...............

2 Complete the paragraph:

(Newton, directly, cube, inversely, attracts, universal, repulse, square.)
All the considerations including Kepler’s laws led ............... to formulate a theory with respect to gravitation. It
was the theory of ............... gravity. According to this theory, every object in the Universe ............... every other
object with a definite force. This force is ............... proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects
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and is ............... proportional to the ............... theSAAR EDUCATION
distance between them.

3 Complete the paragraph:

(centroid , uniform, circular, mass, spherical , assumed, fixed, point)
The centre of mass of an object is the ............... inside or outside the object at which the total ............... of the
object can be .............. to be concentrated. The centre of mass of a .............. object having ............... density is
at its geometrical centre. The centre of mass of any object having uniform density is at its ................ .

4 Complete the paragraph:

(escape, motion, gravity, directly, infinite, zero, rest, inversely )
An object going vertically upwards from the surface of the earth, having an initial velocity equal to the
............... velocity, escapes the gravitational force of the earth. The force of gravity, being
................. proportional to the square of the distance, becomes .............. only at ............... distance from the
earth. This means that for the object to be free from the ................ of the earth, it has to reach infinite distance
from the earth. i.e. the object will come to ............... at infinite distance and will stay there.

Q.23 Write answers based on given diagram/figure 15

1 Observe the diagram and answer the question.

i. Name of the force and the scientist who discovered it ?

ii. Book written by this scientist.
iii.Define the famous law given by this scientist.
2 Observe the given figure and answer the following questions.

The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of its foci. The Sun's position is indicated as 'O'. X1Y1 and
X2Y2 are the distances covered by the planet in equal time, X1O and X2O lines sweep equal area in equal
intervals of time. Hence, areas X1OY1 and X2OY2 are equal.
i. Which laws do we understand from the description given above?
ii. At what point amongst X1 and X2 velocity of the planet be more? Why?
iii.If shaded area X3OY3 is twice the are X1OY1 then what will be the relation between time taken by the planet
to move X1 to Y1, say t1 and time taken by the planet to move from X3 to Y3, say t2?
iv. Kepler's third law is expressed mathematically as
m

= Constant. What are the values of m and n in the given

1

n
r

expression?

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a. What does the above figure depict? OR What is the conclusion about the orbit of a planet?
b. What is the relation between velocity of the planet and distance from the Sun.
c. Is the area ABS equal to area ESF? If yes, give the reasons.
d. What do EF andAB represent in the figure?
e. If the area ESF is equal to area ASB, what will you infer about EF?

4 Observe the given figure showing the orbit of a planet moving around the Sun, label the figure, and write the
three laws related to it.

5 Answer the following based on figures.

Questions :
i. What is observed in the given figure and who formulated it?
ii. What is the first law of planetary motion ?
 iii.Applying second law of planetary motion, what can we say about the motion of the planet ?
Q.24 Answer the following 24
1 Explain the variation of values of gravitational acceleration.

2 Read the paragraph and answer the questions.

We know that the gravitational force of Earth is applied to all objects. This
force was used even when you were holding a stone in your hand. But the
force you were pushing in the opposite direction with your hand was
balancing it so that the stone was stable. When you let go of the hand, only
gravitational force is applied to the stone, so the stone falls under its
influence. When an object is moving only under the influence of gravitational
motion, that motion is called free fall, that is, the stone falls. In free fall, the
initial velocity is zero and it goes on increasing due to gravitational
acceleration over time. At the time of free fall on earth, the friction of the air
opposes the motion of the object. So, in the true sense, free fall cannot
happen in air. It can happen only in vacuum.
a. Complete the following statements by choosing the right option.
The stone held in the hand is stable because on it ...........................
i) two unbalanced forces are exerted. ii) only the gravitational force of the earth is exerted.
iii) gravitational force of the earth is not exerted. iv) two balanced forces are exerted.
b. Why does free fall not happen on Earth?
c. Why does the velocity of the object increase during the free fall?
d. Which type of force exerts on the object during free fall?
e. Why does free fall happen only in vacuum?

3 A boat sailing at the equator has a maximum capacity of carrying ‘x’ kg of food containers. Imagine if it sails at
the poles with the same carrying capacity, will it sink? Justify your answer.

4 Give the three kinematical equations Powered

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5 Explain the change in Gravitational Acceleration due to change along the surface of the earth.

6 What is the difference between mass and weight of an object. Will the mass and weight of the object on earth
be same as their values on Mars ? Why ?

7 How are high and low tides formed?

8 The weight of an object (value of ‘g’) decreases as we go higher above the surface of Earth.

Q.25 Answer the following in detail 55

1 Explain why the value of g is zero at the centre of the earth.

2 Derive the formula for escape velocity using the law of conservation of energy.

3 Write the three laws given by Kepler. How did they help Newton to arrive at the inverse square law of gravity?

4 The mass of the earth is 6 × 1024 kg. The distance between the earth and the sun is 1.5 × 1011 m. If the
gravitational force between the two is 3.5 × 1022 N, what is the mass of the sun?(Use G = 6.7 × 10–11 Nm2
/kg2)

5 Let the period of revolution of a planet at a distance R from a star be T. Prove that if it was at a distance of 2R
–
from the star, its period of revolution will be √8 T.

6 The masses of the earth and moon are 6 × 1024 kg and 7.4 × 1022 kg, respectively. The distance between them
is 3.84 × 105 km. Calculate the gravitational force of attraction between the two.(Use G = 6.7 × 10–11 Nm2 Kg–
2)

7 What is centripetal force ? Complete the following expression for a planet revolving around sun in circular
motion irrespective of its time of revolution?
For a planet revolving around sun; Let m be the mass of planet which takes time T for one revolution moving
with velocity v and r be the radius of the circular path.
 Centripetal force will be F = ...
(1)
Speed =
Thus, in one revolution,
Distance covered = (Perimeter of the orbit)
Time required = T ( )
=
2πr
∴
T

Substituting v in equation ... (1)

2
2πr
m ( )

F= T

∴ F=

Multiplying and dividing by r2

2 2

F= 4mπ r

2
×
r

2
T r

∴ F= ... (2)

From Kepler’s third law; = k (constant)

From (2) & (3); F =
4mπ
2
... (3)
2
kr

Thus, this is expression of centripetal force independent of time taken but depends on radius of the
path.
8 Tie a stone to one end of a string. Hold the other end of the string in your hand and rotate the string such
that the stone moves along a circle.
a. What is the direction of the force you are applying on the string?
b. In which direction will the stone fly off if the string is released?
c. Define centripetal force.
d. Write the correlation between – centripetal force and the distance between the planet and the Sun.
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e. Give an example of centripetal force occurring in nature.

9 The mass and weight of an object on earth are 5 kg and 49 N respectively. What will be their values on the
moon ? Assume that the acceleration due to gravity on the moon is 1/6 th of that on the earth.

10 Explain the vari ati on i n the val ue of ‘g’

11 An object thrown vertically upwards reaches a height of 500 m. What was its initial velocity? How long will the
object take to come back to the earth ? Assume g = 10 m/s2 .