Nurturing Talent Within The Family-Reading 1

Nurturing Talent Within the Family
A What do we mean by being ‘talented’ or ‘gifted’? The most obvious way is to look at the work
someone does and if they are capable of significant success, label them as talented. The purely
quantitative route - ‘percentage definition’ - looks not at individuals, but at simple percentages,
such as the top five per cent of the population, and labels them - by definition - as gifted. This
definition has fallen from favour, eclipsed by the advent of IQ tests, favoured by luminaries such
as Professor Hans Eysenck, where a series of written or verbal tests of general intelligence leads
to a score of intelligence.
B The IQ test has been eclipsed in turn. Most people studying intelligence and creativity in the
new millennium now prefer a broader definition, using a multifaceted approach where talents in
many areas are recognised rather than purely concentrating on academic achievement. If we are
therefore assuming that talented, creative or gifted individuals may need to be assessed across a
range of abilities, does this mean intelligence can run in families as a genetic or inherited
tendency? Mental dysfunction - such as schizophrenia - can, so is an efficient mental capacity
passed on from parent to child?
C Animal experiments throw some light on this question, and on the whole area of whether it is
genetics, the environment or a combination of the two that allows for intelligence and creative
ability. Different strains of rats show great differences in intelligence or ‘rat reasoning’. If these
are brought up in normal conditions and then mn through a maze to reach a food goal, the
‘bright’ strain make far fewer wrong turns that the ‘dull’ ones. But if the environment is made
dull and boring the number of errors becomes equal. Return the rats to an exciting maze and the
discrepancy returns as before - but is much smaller. In other words, a dull rat in a stimulating
environment will almost do as well as a bright rat who is bored in a normal one. This principle
applies to humans too - someone may be born with innate intelligence, but their environment
probably has the final say over whether they become creative or even a genius.
D Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and
encouragement, are able to achieve significant and sustainable levels of academic or sporting
prowess. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may
receive more parental attention as a result - almost by default - in order to ensure their safety.
They may also talk earlier, and this, in turn, breeds parental interest. This can sometimes cause
problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright.
Their creative talents may be undervalued and so never come to fruition. Two themes seem to
run through famously creative families as a result. The first is that the parents were able to
identify the talents of each child, and nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-
handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not
seen as a particular problem. If the father is, say, a famous actor, there is no undue pressure for
his children to follow him onto the boards, but instead their chosen interests are encouraged.
There need not even by any obvious talent in such a family since there always needs to be
someone who sets the family career in motion, as in the case of the Sheen acting dynasty.
E Martin Sheen was the seventh of ten children born to a Spanish immigrant father and an Irish
mother. Despite intense parental disapproval he turned his back on entrance exams to university
and borrowed cash from a local priest to start a fledgling acting career. His acting successes in
films such as Badlands and Apocalypse Now made him one of the most highly-regarded actors
of the 1970s. Three sons - Emilio Estevez, Ramon Estevez and Charlie Sheen - have followed
him into the profession as a consequence of being inspired by his motivation and enthusiasm.
F A stream seems to run through creative families. Such children are not necessarily smothered
with love by their parents. They feel loved and wanted, and are secure in their home, but are
often more surrounded by an atmosphere of work and where following a calling appears to be
important. They may see from their parents that it takes time and dedication to be master of a
craft, and so are in less of a hurry to achieve for themselves once they start to work.
G The generation of creativity is complex: it is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental

teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point
- luck - is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part. Mozart,
considered by many to be the finest composer of all time, was lucky to be living in an age that
encouraged the writing of music. He was brought up surrounded by it, his father was a musician
who encouraged him to the point of giving up his job to promote his child genius, and he learnt
musical composition with frightening speed - the speed of a genius. Mozart himself simply
wanted to create the finest music ever written but did not necessarily view himself as a genius -
he could write sublime music at will, and so often preferred to lead a hedonistic lifestyle that he
found more exciting than writing music to order.
H Albert Einstein and Bill Gates are two more examples of people whose talents have blossomed
by virtue of the times they were living in. Einstein was a solitary, somewhat slow child who had
affection at home but whose phenomenal intelligence emerged without any obvious parental
input. This may have been partly due to the fact that at the start of the 20th Century a lot of the
Newtonian laws of physics were being questioned, leaving a fertile ground for ideas such as his
to be developed. Bill Gates may have had the creative vision to develop Microsoft, but without
the new computer age dawning at the same time he may never have achieved the position on the
world stage he now occupies. |
Questions 1-3
Which THREE of the following does the writer regard as a feature of creative families?
A a higher than average level of parental affection
B competition between brothers and sisters
C parents who demonstrate vocational commitment
D strong motivation to take exams and attend university
E a patient approach to achieving success
F the identification of the most talented child in the family

4. The rat experiment was conducted to show that
A certain species of rat are more intelligent than others.
B intelligent rats are more motivated than ‘dull’ rats.
C a rat’s surroundings can influence its behaviour.
D a boring environment has little impact on a ‘bright’ rat.
5. The writer cites the story of Martin Sheen to show that
A he was the first in a creative line.
B his parents did not have his creative flair.
C he became an actor without proper training.
D his sons were able to benefit from his talents.
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
YES if the statement agrees with the writer s claims
NO if the statement contradicts the writers claims
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
6. Intelligence tests have now been proved to be unreliable.
7. The brother or sister of a gifted older child may fail to fulfil their own potential.
8. The importance of luck in the genius equation tends to be ignored.
9. Mozart was acutely aware of his own remarkable talent.
10.Einstein and Gates would have achieved success in any era.
Questions 11
From the list below choose the most suitable title for the whole of Reading Passage 3.
A Geniuses in their time
B Education for the gifted
C Revising the definition of intelligence
D Nurturing talent within the family

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Nurturing Talent Within the Family

G The generation of creativity is complex: it is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental

A a higher than average level of parental affection

B competition between brothers and sisters

C parents who demonstrate vocational commitment

D strong motivation to take exams and attend university

E a patient approach to achieving success

F the identification of the most talented child in the family

A certain species of rat are more intelligent than others.

B intelligent rats are more motivated than ‘dull’ rats.

C a rat’s surroundings can influence its behaviour.

D a boring environment has little impact on a ‘bright’ rat.

5. The writer cites the story of Martin Sheen to show that

A he was the first in a creative line.

B his parents did not have his creative flair.

C he became an actor without proper training.

D his sons were able to benefit from his talents.

A Geniuses in their time

B Education for the gifted

C Revising the definition of intelligence

D Nurturing talent within the family

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