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Ecosystem

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30 views

Ecosystem

any

Uploaded by

nachiket lokhande
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 41

ECOSYSTEM

---Dr. Sunil B. Ogale


Department of Geography
VP ASC College Vidyanagari Baramati
OR, MORE SIMPLY
• an ecosystem is composed of the organisms
and physical environment of a specified
area.
• SIZE: micro to MACRO
Two parts of an Ecosystem
Biotic and Abiotic
• Biotic –
– factors that are or were alive/living in an
ecosystem.
• Examples: animals, plants, insects, bacteria,
fungi, and dead organisms.
Abiotic
• Factors in an environment that are not or
never were alive. (Physical and chemical
component)
• Examples: rock island, gases, water, sun,
minerals and temperature.
Compare detritus feeders to
decomposers:
Ecosystem structure

Vegetation Animal

Decomposer
Structure of Ecosystem
• Abiotic Factors -
Physical & Chemical Components
• Biotic Factors -
- Plant
- Animal
- Decomposer
The Biotic Components of Ecosystems

 Producers
(autotrophs)
- Photosynthesis
 Consumers
(heterotrophs)
- Aerobic
respiration
 Decomposers
Outside Energy Source
Powers
photosynthesis

Warms earth

Powers water
cycle
Ecosystem Function
 Energy flow

 Nutrient cycling

Food Chain-
Food Web-
Trophic Levels-
Energy flow and material cycling
Energy transfer in a food chain: First
law of thermodynamics
Food Chains
• The producers, consumers, and
decomposers of each ecosystem
make up a food chain.
• There are many food chains in an
ecosystem.
• Food chains show where energy is
transferred and not who eats who.
• Together, these groups make up a
FOOD CHAIN
• E.g., grass, rabbit, eagle

Carnivore Herbivore Producer


Trophic level: All the organisms that are
the same number of food-chain steps
from the primary source of energy

Modified from: General Ecology, by David T. Krome


Trophic levels
Ecological Pyramid
Food Web
Natural
1.Terrestrial ecosystems (grasslands, forests,
desert ecosystems)
2.Aquatic ecosystem
a.Lentic (Stagnant water) like lake, ponds
etc.
b.Lotic (Flowing water) like river, ocean,
sea, etc.

Artificial
1.A crop land, garden, aquarium, park, kitchen
garden.
Aquatic and terrestrial biomes
(Biome = major ecosystem type)
Tropic of
Cancer

Equator

Tropic of
Capricorn

Semidesert,
Arctic tundra (polar grasslands) Desert
arid grassland
Boreal forest (taiga), evergreen coniferous Tropical rain forest, Mountains
forest (e.g., montane coniferous forest) tropical evergreen forest (complex zonation)
Temperate deciduous forest Tropical deciduous forest Ice
Temperate grassland Tropical scrub forest
Dry woodlands and Tropical savanna,
shrublands (chaparral) thorn forest
Tropical Forest: Vertical stratification with trees in canopy blocking light to
bottom strata. Many trees covered by epiphytes (plants that grow on other
plants).
Coniferous forest: Largest terrestial biome on earth, old growth forests
rapidly disappearing, usually receives lots of moisture as rain or snow.
Grassland Ecosystem
Temperate Grassland: Marked by seasonal drought and fires, and grazing by
large animals. Rich habitat for agriculture, very little prairie exists in US today.
Grassland Food Web
Desert Ecosystem

Desert Ecosystem
Climate
The desert is very dry and warm. A very
little amount of rain a year. Some deserts
can be over 100 degrees F. That’s so hot.
Location
The desert is located 30 degrees latitude.
Some deserts are in the Mountains. The
Mojave desert is the name of the desert that
is located here in California.
Desert Animals
Many animals live in the desert. These
animals can survive in this hot weather. Let
me name some of them. The camel, lizards,
rattlesnakes, kangaroo rats, and more!
Anteater

Camel

Roadrunner

Gila monster (lizard)


Scorpion
Desert Plants
Now I would like to tell you about the desert
plants. These plants can survive in the hot
weather because the don’t need much water .
These plants live in the desert. The cactus,
saguaro, creosote bushes, and other plants.
Desert Plants
• Many plants are found in the desert.
They usually grow close to the ground.
• These plants have special parts that help
them save water.
• The special parts are: thick stem,
shallow and wide roots, and thick skin
covered with spines instead of leaves.
Cold Desert Ecosystem

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