Exploring Types of Text

Di susun untuk memenuhi tugas Bahasa Inggris

Guru Pembimbing : Bu Elsa

Disusun Oleh :

Arya Satya Mahardika

X-RPL-3

SMKN 7 BALEENDAH

2024
 Table Of Content
PREFACE................................................................................................................. 2
CHAPTER I...............................................................................................................3
A. Background..................................................................................................3
CHAPTER II..............................................................................................................4
A. Concept of the text......................................................................................4
1. Narrative text...........................................................................................4
2. Description text........................................................................................5
3. Recount text.............................................................................................6
4. Expository text.........................................................................................7
5. Argumentation/Discussion text...............................................................8
6. Procedure Text.........................................................................................9
7. Report text.............................................................................................11
CHAPTER III...........................................................................................................13
1. CONCLUSION.............................................................................................13
2. CRITICISM AND SUGGESTIONS..................................................................13
BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................................14

PREFACE
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, Praise my gratitude for the presence of the almighty god
who has bestowed his favor, help, and guidance, so that the writer can complete this
English paper properly. Thank you to our supervising teacher who always provides
support and guidance.

This paper is written with the aim of fulfilling the English assignment. Not only that,
the writer hopes that this paper can be useful for writers in particular and readers in
general. Nevertheless, the author realizes that in the preparation of this paper there are
still many shortcomings. Therefore, we really hope for criticism and suggestions for
the perfection of this paper.

Finally, the writer hopes that this B.English paper can provide useful information and
knowledge for all of us, the author also thanks the readers who have read this paper
until the end.

Bandung, June 19th 2024

Writer

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
In this article, we will disscuss the various types of text that exist in English.
But not many people know about the text itself.
The various types of text in English itself such as :
  Narrative text
 Descriptive text
 Procedure text
 Recouny text
 Expository text
 Argumentation text

CHAPTER II
DISSCUSSION

A. Concept of the text

Text can be classified into several types. The term of type is sometime
stated as genre. These types of text are :

1. Narrative text
 2. Descriptive text
3. Recount text
4. Expository text
5. Argumentation text

These classification on type of text are based on analysis of three element of

text. These elements of the text are :

1. The purpose of the text : why is the text made? , why is the text made for by
its writer.
2. The generic structure of the text : analyzing the used structure in composing
the text, in what way is the text intructed by its writer.
3. The language feature : taking a look at the liguistic characterizations of the
text. what kind of language feature is used to build the text by its writer.

1. Narrative text
a. Definition of narrative
Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events, it tries to
find the resolution and to solve this problems.

b. Generic Structure of Narrative

A narrative text consist if the following structure :
 Orientation : Introduces characters and the story setting
 Complication : Develops the problem or the conflict in the story
 Resolution : Resolves the problem or conflict
 Re – Orientation / Coda : Consist of a moral lesson and advice

c. Language feature of narrative.

 Using adverbs of time
 Using simple past tenses
 Using specific character
 Using time conjunction

d. Example of the text

True Friends

Once upon time, there was two close friends who were walking through the
forest together. They knew that anything dangerous could happen at any time in the
forest. So they promised each other that they would always be together in any case of
danger.
Suddenly, they saw a large bear getting closer toward them. One of them climbed a
nearby tree at once

2. Description text
a. The definition and purpose of descriptive text
Desriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. its
purpose is to describe and reveals a particular person,place,or thing.

b. The Generic srtucture of desciptive

Descriptive text has structure as below
 Identification; identifying phenomenon to be described.
 Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and
characteristics.

c. The language feature of descriptive text

 Using atrbutetive and identifying process.
 Using adjective and classifier in nominal group.
 Using simple present tense.

d. Example of the text

The White Tiger

The white tiger is a type of feline subspecies of the Bengal tiger. It has almost no
orange pigmentation . It is for reason that its fur is white and from there it drives its
name. Despite the black stripes it maintains its pigmentation.

Regarding their size or size, these tigers are usually slighty larger than the orange
tigers. Due this condition (lack of pigmentation), white tigers have been classified as
exotic animals and are a source of great lourist attraction.

3. Recount text
a. Definition of Recount text
Recount is a text wich retells event or experiences in the past. Its purpose
is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication
among the participant and that differentiates from narrative.

b. Generic Structure of Recount

 Orientation : Introducing theparticipant, place and time.
 Events : Describing series of event that happened in the text.
  Reorientation : its is optional. Stating personal comment of the
writer to the story.

c. Language feature of Recount

 Introducing Personal participants : I my group, etc.
 Using chronological connection : then , first, etc.
 Using linking verb : was, were, saw, heard, etc.
 Using action verb : look, go, change, etc.
 Using simple past tense.

d. Examples of the text

Late to school
Last Wednesday, I came late to my school because I played playstation until 2.00 am
in the night. Because I woke up late. I woke up about 6.30 am and the class would
begin at 7.00 am. I run to bathroom to take a bath. I usually had breakfast after taking
a bath, but on that day I did not do that.

I always went to school by motorcycle. But on that day, I forgot where I put the key.
So, I went to the school by public transportation. It took me a longer time. I arrived at
school at 7.15 am, I run to my class but i saw my teacher had stood in front of the
class to teach. I entered my class and of course my teacher was angry at me because I
came late. It was my bad experience and I hoped I would not do that again.

4. Expository text
A. Analytical exposition text
a. Definition of analytical exposition
Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon
surrounding; its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is
important matter5.

b. Generic structure of analytical exposition

 Thesis: introducing the topic and imdicating the writer’s position.
 Argument 1: Explaining the argument to support the writer’s
position.
 Argument 2: Explaining the other argument support the writer’s
position more.
 Reiteration: restating the writer’s position.

c. Language feature of analytical exposition

 Using relational process.
 Using internal conjunction.
  Using causal conjunction.
 Using simple present tense.

B. Hortatory exposition text

a. Definition of Hortatory exposition text
Hortatory exposition is a text wich represent the attempt of the writer to
have adresses do something or act in certain way.
b. Generic structure of Hortatory exposition
a) Thesis
b) Argument
c) Recommendation

c. Language feature of Hortatory Exposition

 Using action verb
 Using modal adverb
 Using temporal connective
 Using evaluative words
 Using abstract noun
 Using passive voice
 Using simple present voice

d. Example of Hortatory Exposition

Cars should be banned in the sky

Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution and cause a
lot of road death and other accidents.

Firstly, cars, all we know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit a
deadly gas that caused illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ off
asthma. Some of these Illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.

Secondly, the city the city is very busy. Padestrians wader everywhere and cars
commonly hit pedestrians in the city, wich causes them to die. Cars today today are
our road biggest killer.

Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you mind find it hard to sleep at
night, or concentrate on your homework, and especially talk to someone. In
conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reason listed.

5. Argumentation/Discussion text
a. Definition Discussion text
Discussion is a text wich presents discourse. This problem will be
disscused from different viewpoint. Disscusion is commonly found in
philosophical, historic, and social text.
 b. Generic structure of Disscusion
 Statement of issue : stating the issue wich is disscused.
 List of supporting point : presenting point in supporting the
presented issue.
 List of contrastive pont : pressenting othe point wich disagree to the
supporting point.
 Recommendation : stating the writer’s recommendation of the
discourse.
c. Language feature of discussion
 Introducing category or generic participant.
 Using thinking verb : feel, hope, believe.
 Using additive, contrastive, and casual connection : similarly, on the
hard, however.
 Using modalities : must, should, could, may.
 Using adverbial of manner : deliberatelly, hopefully.
d. Example of Discussion text

Homeschooling

Homeschooling is an alternative way to educate our kids besides sending them to

public school. Homeschooling is becoming more popular every day. There are about
two million children currently learning at home. However, it has some advantages and
disadvantages.

Parents choose to homeschool to educate their kids because they believe that
homeschooling can be a personalized schedule. Homeschooling allows parents and
children to work out a schedule that will best work for the child. Another advantage is
flexibility in time and curriculum. By homeschooling, parents can set the curriculum
freely.

On the other hand, homeschooling can spoil parents’ time. Homeschooling needs a lot
of time in preparation and delivery. Parents have to research topics, prepare the
lessons, set up the projects, and field the trips.

So, when thinking about putting children through home school, I believe we should
make sure that we understand all of the criteria involved in home education.

Explain :
a) Subject
b) Verb
c) Object
d) Adverb
6. Procedure Text
Procedure text is a text that aims to describe an order or instruction on how
something is achieved according to the correct sequences or steps. Procedure
text usually begins with How to .... “Example Include”

Example : “How to make a cup of tea”, “How to Use the computer”, and many
other examples.
Some characteristics of procedure text are :
 Uses simple past tense (S+V1)
 Imperaative/Command form
 Uses action verb
 Use temporal conjuctions

A. Purpose of Procedure text

Procedure text itself is made to have a certain purpose for the reader. The
purpose of the text itself is communicative. The social purpose of procedure
text is to show how something is done through a sequence of steps that enable
the reader to achieve goal.

B. Types of Procedure text

Procedure text in English has several types. Here are 3 types of procedure text
that you should know.
 Procedure text that explains how something works or how to use an
instruction/operation manual, for example : How to use a Computer,
How to record a Video, How to use a plaroid camera.
 Procedure text that instruct how to do a certain activity, for example :
How to make a noodle, How to dance, How to play basketball.
 Procedure text that deal with human behavior, for example : How to
live happily, Ho to be a good person.

 Goal : Provides Information about the purpose of the procedure and

predicts a conclusion.
 Materials : list the materials or ingredients needed to perform a
procedure or steps
 Steps : List the sequence of instructions/activities to achieve the goal in
the correct order of steps.

C. Example of procedure text

Here is an example of a procedure text :
 Materials:

 2 cups milk or cream

 2 tablespoons sugar
 1 teaspoon Vanilla extract
 Several cups of Ice
 1 cup salt
 You need these supplies to make ice cream
 Tub or large coffee can to hold salt and ice
 Glass bowl or small coffee can
 Electric mixer or whisk
 Ice cream scoop
 Storage container for freezer

Steps:

1. First, setting up the cooling apparatus.

2. Stir ice and salt in the larger container.
3. Then, combine the ingredients.
4. Mix together the milk, sugar, and vanilla in the glass bowl.
5. Then,set this bowl in the tub filled with ice and rock salt, making sure
that the salt water does not spillinto the bowl.
6. Next, mix the ice cream.
7. Mix the ingredients in the small container vigorously.
8. The salty ice mixture will cool the mixture down until it turns into
ice cream.
9. It should take about 10 to 15minutes to stir the ice cream using either
method.
10. Stir until it is free from ice crystals and is theright consistency.
11. Last, storage and serving. ice cream is ready.

7. Report text
a. Definition
Report text is a type of text that announce the result of an investigation ot
announce something. The information given in a report text is very general
information.
b. Purpose
The main purpose of report text is to inform about certain functions or
detailed information of an object, or in English, the purpose of report text
is to inform about certain function of a participant.

Generic Structure of Report text

 1. General Classification
Contains general statements about the subject or topic being disscused.
2. Description
Is a section that provides a detailed description of the subject disscused in
the general classification section.

Example of Report text :

Cats

General classification

Cats are one of the members of Felidae, an animal family that consists of lions, tigers,
bobcats, and cats. They are also called domestic cats or house cats, and their latin
name is Felis catus. The domesticated cats have been human companions for around
9,500 years. Nowadays, they are very popular. Many people keep them as pets,

Description

On average, the weight of domestic cats ranges from 2.7 to 4.5 kg. The average
lengths are 71.1 cm for male cats and 50.8 cm for female cats. In addition, cats
maintain their energy by sleeping a lot. They can sleep for 12 to 16 hours a day.

Cats possess sharp claws on their feet that they use to catch their prey, fight, and
climb. Despite having a sensitive vision, they cannot see very dark surroundings very
well. However, they have a good balance. They are able to quickly pick themselves
up when they fall. One of the unique characteristics of cats is they walk on their toes.
Moreover, cats like to keep themselves clean by licking their body.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING
 1. CONCLUSION
It turns out that after we peel a little that there are many types of texts in English such
as; Narrative Texts, Descriptive Text, Recount Text, exspository text (analytical
&hortatory) and argument/discussion text and many others.

2. CRITICISM AND SUGGESTIONS

The paper that I made is still far from good, therefore I expect criticism and
suggestions from you for the improvement of papers in the future, thank you for your
attention.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.scribd.com/document/370279299/Makalah-Bahasa-Inggrisk-Inds-of-the-
Text

https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/apa-saja-structure-of-information-report-text

https://www.english-academy.id/blog/discussion-text-adalah

https://britishcourse.com/narrative-text-definition-purposes-generic-structures-
language-features.php