Mathematics: analysis and approaches

Practice paper 1 HL markscheme Total 110

Section A [54 marks]

1.
METHOD 1

2 ln x − ln 9 =
4

uses m ln x = ln x m (M1)

ln x 2 − ln 9 =
4

a
uses ln a − ln b =
ln (M1)
b

x2
ln =4
9

x2
= e4 A1
9

x 2 = 9e 4 ⇒ x= 9e 4 ( x > 0 ) A1

x = 3e 2 (= q 2)
p 3,= A1

METHOD 2

expresses 4 as 4ln e and uses ln x m = m ln x (M1)

2 ln 3 + 4 ln e ( ln x =
2 ln x = ln 3 + 2 ln e ) A1

uses 2 ln e = ln e 2 and ln a + ln b =
ln ab (M1)

ln x = ln ( 3e 2 ) A1

x = 3e 2 (= q 2)
p 3,= A1

METHOD 3

expresses 4 as 4ln e and uses m ln x = ln x m (M1)

x 2 ln 32 + ln e 4
ln= A1
uses ln a + ln b =
ln ab (M1)

ln x 2 = ln ( 32 e 4 )

2
x= 32 e 4 ⇒ x= 32 e 4 ( x > 0 ) A1

so x = 3e 2 ( x > 0 ) (=
p q 2)
3,= A1

Total [5 marks]

2.

uses ∑ P (= )( 1)
X x= (M1)

k 2 + ( 7 k + 2 ) + ( −2k ) + ( 3k 2 ) ( =1)

4 k 2 + 5k + 1 ( =
0) A1

EITHER
attempts to factorize their quadratic M1

( k + 1)( 4k + 1) =
0

OR
attempts use of the quadratic formula on their equation M1

−5 ± 52 − 4 ( 4 )(1)  −5 ± 3 
k = 
8  8 
THEN

1
k =−1, − A1
4

rejects k = −1 as this value leads to invalid probabilities, for example, P ( X =2 ) =−5 < 0 R1

1
so k = − A1
4
1
Note: Award R0A1 if k = − is stated without a valid reason given for rejecting k = −1 .
4
Total [6 marks]
3.
(a) EITHER

uses u2 − u1 = u3 − u2 (M1)

6u1 = 24 A1

OR

u1 + u3
uses u2 = (M1)
2
u + ( 3u1 + 8 )
5u1 − 8 =1
2

3u1 = 12 A1

THEN

so u1 = 4 AG

[2 marks]

(b) d =8 (A1)

n
uses S=
n
2
( 2u1 + ( n − 1) d ) M1

n
Sn =
2
(8 + 8 ( n − 1) ) A1

= 4n 2

= ( 2n )
2
A1

Note: The final A1 can be awarded for clearly explaining that 4n 2 is a square
number.

so sum of the first n terms is a square number AG

[4 marks]
Total [6 marks]
4.

( f  g )( x ) = ax + b − 2 (M1)

( f  g )( 2 ) =−3 ⇒ 2a + b − 2 =−3 ( 2a + b =−1) A1

( g  f )( x )= a ( x − 2) + b (M1)

( g  f )(1) = 5 ⇒ −a + b = 5 A1

a valid attempt to solve their two linear equations for a and b M1

so a = −2 and b = 3 A1
Total [6 marks]

5.
attempts either product rule or quotient rule differentiation M1
EITHER

dy 3x 2 + bx 6 x + b
=
− + A1
( x + 2) x + 2
2
dx

OR

dy ( x + 2 )( 6 x + b ) − ( 3 x + bx )
2

= A1
( x + 2)
2
dx

Note: Award A0 if the denominator is incorrect. Subsequent marks can be awarded.

THEN

dy
sets their =0 M1
dx

( x + 2 )( 6 x + b ) − ( 3x 2 + bx ) =
0

3 x 2 + 12 x + 2b =
0 A1

(exactly one point of zero gradient requires) 122 − ( 4 )( 3)( 2b ) =

0 M1

b=6 A1
Total [6 marks]
6.

 2 x cos ( x 2 ) 
attempts to apply l’Hôpital’s rule on lim   M1
x →0  5 tan x 
 

 2 cos ( x 2 ) − 4 x 2 sin ( x 2 ) 
= lim   M1A1A1
x →0  5sec 2 x 
 
Note: Award M1 for attempting to use product and chain rule differentiation on the
numerator, A1 for a correct numerator and A1 for a correct denominator. The awarding of
A1 for the denominator is independent of the M1.

2
= A1
5
Total [5 marks]

7.
METHOD 1

from vertex P , draws a line parallel to [ QR ] that meets [SR ] at a point X (M1)

uses the sine rule in ∆PSX M1

PS y−x
= A1
sin β sin (180° − α − β )

sin (180° − α =
− β ) sin (α + β ) (A1)

PS =
( y − x ) sin β A1
sin (α + β )

METHOD 2

let the height of quadrilateral PQRS be h

h = PSsin α A1

attempts to find a second expression for h M1

h= ( y − x − PScos α ) tan β
PSsin α = ( y − x − PScos α ) tan β
 sin β
writes tan β as , multiplies through by cos β and expands the RHS M1
cos β

( y − x ) sin β − PScos α sin β

PSsin α cos β =

PS =
( y − x ) sin β
A1
sin α cos β + cos α sin β

PS =
( y − x ) sin β A1
sin (α + β )

Total [5 marks]

8.

2  2 
(a) attempts to calculate  1  ⋅  −5  (M1)
 m   −m 
   

=−1 − m 2 A1

since m 2 ≥ 0 , −1 − m 2 < 0 for m ∈  R1

so l1 and l2 are never perpendicular to each other AG

[3 marks]

(b) (i) (since l1 is parallel to Π , l1 is perpendicular to the normal of Π and so)

2  1 
    R1
 1 ⋅ 4  =
0
 m   −1
   

2+4−m =0
m=6 A1
 (ii) since there are no points in common, ( 3, −2, 0 ) does not lie in Π

EITHER

substitutes ( 3, −2, 0 ) into x + 4 y − z ( ≠ p ) (M1)

OR

 3 1
    (M1)
 −2  ⋅  4  ( ≠ p )
 0   −1
   

THEN

p ≠ −5 A1

[4 marks]
Total [7 marks]
9.
n
sin 2nθ
let P ( n ) be the proposition that ∑ cos ( 2r − 1)θ =
r =1 2sin θ
for n ∈  +

considering P (1) :

sin 2θ 2sin θ cos θ

LHS cos
= = (1)θ cos θ and RHS
= = = cos=θ LHS
2sin θ 2sin θ
so P (1) is true R1

k
sin 2kθ
assume P ( k ) is true, i.e. ∑ cos ( 2r=
− 1) θ
2sin θ
(k ∈  ) +
M1
r =1

Note: Award M0 for statements such as “let n = k ”.

Note: Subsequent marks after this M1 are independent of this mark and can be awarded.
considering P ( k + 1) :

k +1 k

∑ cos ( 2r=
− 1) θ
r 1 =r 1
∑ cos ( 2r − 1)θ + cos ( 2 ( k + 1) − 1)θ M1

sin 2kθ
= + cos ( 2 ( k + 1) − 1) θ A1
2sin θ

sin 2kθ + 2 cos ( ( 2k + 1) θ ) sin θ

=
2sin θ

sin 2kθ + sin ( ( 2k + 1) θ + θ ) − sin ( ( 2k + 1) θ − θ )

= M1
2sin θ

= sin ( A + B ) − sin ( A − B ) with=

Note: Award M1 for use of 2 cos A sin B A ( 2k + 1)θ and
B =θ .

sin 2kθ + sin ( 2k + 2 ) θ − sin 2kθ

= A1
2sin θ

sin 2 ( k + 1) θ
= A1
2 sin θ

P ( k + 1) is true whenever P ( k ) is true, P (1) is true, so P ( n ) is true for n ∈  + R1

Note: Award the final R1 mark provided at least five of the previous marks have been
awarded.
Total [8 marks]

Section B [56 marks]

10.

(a) attempts to find h ( 0 ) (M1)

( 0 ) 0.4 cos ( 0 ) +=
h= 1.8 ( 2.2 )

2.2 (m) (above the ground) A1

[2 marks]
(b) EITHER

uses the minimum value of cos ( πt ) which is −1 M1

0.4 ( −1) + 1.8 (m)

OR
the amplitude of motion is 0.4 (m) and the mean position is 1.8 (m) M1

OR

finds h′ ( t ) = −0.4π sin ( πt ) , attempts to solve h′ ( t ) = 0 for t and determines that

the minimum height above the ground occurs at t = 1, 3,... M1

0.4 ( −1) + 1.8 (m)

THEN

1.4 (m) (above the ground) A1

[2 marks]

(c) EITHER
the ball is released from its maximum height and returns there a period later R1

2π
the period is ( = 2 ) (s) A1
π
OR

attempts to solve h ( t ) = 2.2 for t M1

cos ( πt ) = 1

t = 0, 2,... A1

THEN
so it takes 2 seconds for the ball to return to its initial position for the first time AG
[2 marks]
(d) 0.4 cos ( πt ) + 1.8 = 1.8 + 0.2 2 (M1)

0.4 cos ( πt ) = 0.2 2

2
cos ( πt ) = A1
2
π 7π
πt = , (A1)
4 4
Note: Accept extra correct positive solutions for πt .

1 7
=t , ( 0 ≤ t ≤ 2) A1
4 4
Note: Do not award A1 if solutions outside 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 are also stated.

7 1
the ball is less than 1.8 + 0.2 2 metres above the ground for − (s)
4 4
1.5 (s) A1

[5 marks]

(e) EITHER

attempts to find h′ ( t ) (M1)

OR

recognizes that h′ ( t ) is required (M1)

 THEN

h′ ( t ) = −0.4π sin ( πt ) A1

1
attempts to evaluate their h′   (M1)
3

1 π
h′   = −0.4π sin
3 3

= −0.2π 3 ( ms −1 ) A1

1
Note: Accept equivalent correct answer forms where p ∈  . For example, − π 3 .
5
[4 marks]
Total [15 marks]

11.
(a)

a curve symmetrical about the y - axis with correct concavity that has a local
maximum point on the positive y - axis A1

a curve clearly showing that y → 0 as x → ±∞ A1

 3
 0,  A1
 2
horizontal asymptote y = 0 ( x- axis) A1

[4 marks]
 3
(b) attempts to find ∫x 2
+2
dx (M1)

 3 x 
= arctan A1
 2 2 

 x  3
Note: Award M1A0 for obtaining  k arctan  where k ≠ .
 2 2

Note: Condone the absence of or use of incorrect limits to this stage.

3
=
2
(
arctan 3 − arctan 0 ) (M1)

3 π π 
= × =  A1
2 3 2

2π
A= AG
2
[4 marks]
(c) METHOD 1
EITHER
k
3 2π
∫x
0
2
+2
dx =
4

3 k 2π
arctan = (M1)
2 2 4

OR
6
3 2π
∫x
k
2
+2
dx =
4

3  k  2π
 arctan 3 − arctan = (M1)
2 2 4

k π
arctan 3 − arctan =
2 6
 THEN
k π
arctan = A1
2 6

k π 1 
= tan
= A1
2 6  
3

6 2
=k =   A1
3  3 

METHOD 2
k 6
3 3
∫0 x2 + 2 dx = ∫
k
x2 + 2
dx

3 k 3  k 
= arctan  arctan 3 − arctan  (M1)
2 2 2 2

k π
arctan = A1
2 6

k π 1 
= tan
= A1
2 6  
3

6 2
=k =   A1
3  3 

[4 marks]

d  3 
(d) attempts to find   (M1)
dx  x 2 + 2 

( 3)( −1)( 2 x ) ( x 2 + 2 )
−2
= A1

6x
so m = − AG
( x2 + 2)
2

[2 marks]
 (e) attempts product rule or quotient rule differentiation M1
EITHER

dm
( −6 x )( −2 )( 2 x ) ( x 2 + 2 ) + ( x 2 + 2 ) ( −6 )
−3 −2
= A1
dx
OR
dm ( x + 2 ) ( −6 ) − ( −6 x )( 2 )( 2 x ) ( x + 2 )
2 2 2

= A1
( x2 + 2)
4
dx

Note: Award A0 if the denominator is incorrect. Subsequent marks can be awarded.

THEN
dm
attempts to express their as a rational fraction with a factorized numerator M1
dx

dm 6 ( x + 2 )( 3 x − 2 )  6 ( 3 x − 2 ) 
2 2  2 
= =
( x2 + 2)  ( x 2 + 2 )3 
4
dx
 

dm
attempts to solve their = 0 for x M1
dx

2
x= ± A1
3

2
from the curve, the maximum value of m occurs at x = − R1
3

2
(the minimum value of m occurs at x = )
3
Note: Award R1 for any equivalent valid reasoning.

 2
6 − 
maximum value of m is −  3 A1
2
  2 2 
−  + 2 
 3  
 

27 2
leading to a maximum value of AG
32 3
[7 marks]
Total [21 marks]
12.

(a) uses the binomial theorem on ( cos θ + i sin θ )4 M1

4
=C0 cos 4 θ + 4C1 cos3 θ ( i sin θ ) + 4C2 cos 2 θ ( i 2 sin 2 θ )
A1
+ 4C3 cos θ ( i3 sin 3 θ ) + 4C4 ( i 4 sin 4 θ )

= ( cos 4 θ − 6 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ ) + i ( 4 cos3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin 3 θ ) A1

[3 marks]

(b) (using de Moivre’s theorem with n = 4 gives) cos 4θ + i sin 4θ (A1)

equates both the real and imaginary parts of cos 4θ + i sin 4θ and

( cos 4
θ − 6 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ ) + i ( 4 cos3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin 3 θ ) M1

cos 4θ =− and sin 4θ 4 cos3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin 3 θ

cos 4 θ 6 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ =

cos 4θ
recognizes that cot 4θ = (A1)
sin 4θ
cos 4θ
substitutes for sin 4θ and cos 4θ into M1
sin 4θ

cos 4 θ − 6 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ

cot 4θ =
4 cos3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin 3 θ

divides the numerator and denominator by sin 4 θ to obtain

cos 4 θ − 6 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ

cot 4θ = sin 4 θ A1
4 cos θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin 3 θ
3

sin 4 θ

cot 4 θ − 6 cot 2 θ + 1
cot 4θ = AG
4 cot 3 θ − 4 cot θ

[5 marks]
(c) setting cot 4θ = 0 and putting x = cot 2 θ in the numerator of
cot 4 θ − 6 cot 2 θ + 1
cot 4θ = gives x 2 − 6 x + 1 =0 M1
4 cot θ − 4 cot θ
3

attempts to solve cot 4θ = 0 for θ M1

π 3π  1 
4θ = , , ...  4θ = ( 2n + 1) π, n = 0, 1, ...  (A1)
2 2  2 
π 3π
θ= , A1
8 8
π 3π
Note: Do not award the final A1 if solutions other than θ = , are listed.
8 8

 π 3π 
finding the roots of cot 4θ = 0  θ = ,  corresponds to finding the roots of
 8 8 
x2 − 6x + 1 =0 where x = cot 2 θ R1

2 π 3π
so the equation x 2 − 6 x + 1 =0 has roots cot and cot 2 AG
8 8
[5 marks]

(d) attempts to solve x 2 − 6 x + 1 =0 for x M1

x= 3 ± 2 2 A1

π 3π 3π
since cot 2 > cot 2 , cot 2 has the smaller value of the two roots R1
8 8 8
Note: Award R1 for an alternative convincing valid reason.

3π
so cot 2 = 3− 2 2 A1
8
[4 marks]

let y = cosec θ
2
(e)

uses=
cot 2 θ cosec 2θ − 1 where x = cot 2 θ (M1)

x 2 − 6 x + 1 = 0 ⇒ ( y − 1) − 6 ( y − 1) + 1 = 0
2
M1

y2 − 8 y + 8 =0 A1

[3 marks]
Total [20 marks]