Basic Analytical Chemistry

OA
SIS O GE
F KNOWLED
JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION FOR THEDEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
EDUCATION (SCIENCE)
1ST YEAR 2ND SEMESTER 2016/17
MAIN REGULAR
COURSE CODE: SCH 104
COURSE TITLE: BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
EXAM VENUE: STREAM: (BED SCI)
DATE: EXAM SESSION: 2.00 – 4.00 PM
TIME: 2:00HRS
_______________________________________________________________________________
______
Instructions:
1. Answer question 1 (Compulsory) in Section A and ANY other 2 questions in
Section B.
2. Candidates are advised not to write on the question paper.
3. Candidates must hand in their answer booklets to the invigilator while in the
examination room
1
SCH 104: Basic Analytical Chemistry
MAIN EXAMINATION
Time: 2 Hours
Section A
Answer All Questions in Section A
Question 1
a) Analytical chemistry is the study of separation, identification and

quantification of chemical components in natural and artificial
materials. Briefly describe two major industrial or societal fields where
the concepts of analytical chemistry can be applied. (4 marks)
b) Define the terms:
i. Population
ii. Sample
iii. Analyte
iv. qualitative analysis
v. quantitative analysis
vi. Data Analysis
(6 mark)
c) What are some of the wet chemistry methods employed in sample
identification and quantification? (3 marks)
d) Use the diagram below to differentiate between accuracy and precision
in sample quantification. (4 marks)
2
e) A measuring balance is precise to a gram. A student gave the following
wrong readings. Please correct them.
i. 12.300 g;
ii. 0.004 g;
iii. 120.0008 g;
iv. 1100 g (4 marks)
f) Titanium carbide, TiC, is the hardest of the known metal carbides. It

can be made by heating titanium(IV)oxide, TiO2, with carbon black to
2200 °C. TiO2 + 3C → TiC + 2CO
i. What is the maximum mass of titanium carbide, TiC, that can be
formed from the reaction of 985 kg of titanium(IV)oxide, TiO 2,
with 500 kg of carbon, C? (2 marks)
ii. Identify the reagent in excess? (2 marks)
g. Phosphorus tribromide, PBr3, can be used to add bromine atoms to
alcohol molecules such as 2-methyl-1-propanol. In an experiment,
5.393 g of 1-bromo-2-methylpropane form when an excess of PBr3
reacts with 6.034 g of 2-methyl-1-propanol. Determine the percent
yield using the given reaction stoichiometry equation. (5 marks)
3CH3CH(CH3)2CH2OH + PBr3 → 3CH3CH(CH3)2CH2Br + H3PO3
2-methyl-1-propanol 1-bromo-2-methylpropane
3
Section B
Answer any Two Questions
Question 2
Briefly describe the qualitative and/or quantitative data obtained using the
following analytical instruments. Discuss the physical quantity employed by
the machines. (20 marks)
a. Flame Emission Spectrometry
b. Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
c. Visible and Ultraviolet Spectrometry
d. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrometry
e. Mass Spectrometry
Question 3
a. Briefly describe how you would prepare 16 ppm of Lead (II) ions in
the laboratory using Lead (II) Chloride salt. (4 marks)
b. Using examples, distinguish between the following chemical reactions
i. Direct combination or synthesis
ii. Single displacement or substitution,
iii. Metathesis or double displacement reaction
iv. Acid-base reactions
v. Redox reactions
(10 marks)
c. Water is a universal solvent and there are several reactions that take
place in aqueous medium. Discuss some of the useful Chemical
reactions that take place in water under the following processes.
i. Dissolving Insoluble Compounds
4
ii. Synthesis of Inorganic Compounds
iii. Extraction of Metals from Solution
(6 marks)
Question 4
The diagram below shows different stages an Analytical Chemist undertakes
to accomplish the task at hand. Briefly describe the stages labeled 1 to 5
under the following subtopics.
i. Instruments
ii. Methods
iii. Standards
(20 marks)
5
Question 5
Separation of a sample into different analytes and subsequent data acquisition
from the analyte can be done using classical methods or instrumental
methods. Briefly explain the working mechanisms of the following classical
and instrumental methods.
i. Precipitation
ii. Solvent extraction
iii. Titration
iv. Column Chromatography
v. Ultra-violet spectrometer
vi. High Performance Liquid Chromatography
vii. Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometer
6
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OA

JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

COURSE CODE: SCH 104

COURSE TITLE: BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

EXAM VENUE: STREAM: (BED SCI)

DATE: EXAM SESSION: 2.00 – 4.00 PM

a) Analytical chemistry is the study of separation, identification and

f) Titanium carbide, TiC, is the hardest of the known metal carbides. It

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