Scaffold

Training
COURSE
(Scaffold
Supervisor)

Prepared by Riyad Al-Darawish

1
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 SUPPORTED SCAFFOLD
1.SYSTEM SCAFFOLD
▪ CUP LOCK
▪ KWIK STAGE
▪ RING LOCK

2. TUBE & CLAMP SCAFFOLD

3. FRAME SCAFFOLD

4. MOBILE SCAFFOLD

3
 1.SYSTEM SCAFFOLD

2.Kwik Stage
A Scaffold consisting of post(standard)with fixed

1.CUP LOCK
connection
3.Ring lock
points that accept ledger ,Transom and

braces that can be interconnected at predetermined

levels.

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2.TUBE & CLAMP

5
3.FRAME SCAFFOLD 6
4. MOBILE SCAFFOLD

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 TOP RAIL

MID RAIL

TOE BOARD LADDER CLAMP

BOARD RETAINER INTERMEDIATE

CLAMP SWIVEL CLAMP
TRANSOM

LONGITUDINAL
TRANSVERSE
BRACING
BRACING
STANDARD
(Post)
LEDGER
TRANSOM (Runner)
(Bearer)
SOLE BOARD
8
(Mudsill)
SCREW JACK
 Scaffold Components
Each Scaffold should contain the following
components:
• Couplers
• General Fitting
• Scaffold Tubes
• Scaffold Boards

9
 1. Couplers

Swivel couplers:
Double couplers:

Used to join tubes at varying

Used to join tubes at right angles to each other
angles to each other Minimum SWL 5.3 kN ( 540 kg)
Minimum class A SWL 6.3 kN (643 kg)
class B SWL 9.4 kN (959 kg)

10
 Putlog couplers: Sleeve couplers:

An external coupler used to join

tubes in length
Minimum (Tensional)
Used for connecting a putlog or
a transom to a ledger (Class A) SWL 1.5 kN
Minimum slip resistance 1.2 kN (Class B) SWL 3.0 kN (300kg)
SWL 0.53 kN (54 kg)

Joint Pin:

An expanding pin used internally

11
to join tubes end to end No slip resistance
12
 Max. Equal
Zero Equal 300kg tube Capacity =
capacity tube capacity capacity swivel clamp SWL X erected no.
capacity
(both direction)

13
 Safe Working Loads for Couplers
Type of Class of Type of Safe
Fitting Fitting Load Working
Load

Right Angle A Slip along 6.3kN

Coupler tube (643kg)

Right Angle B Slip along 9.4kN

Coupler tube (959kg)

Swivel A Slip along 5.3kN

Coupler tube (540kg)

Putlog coupler 0.53KN

(54Kg)

Sleeve couplers 3.0KN

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 2. General Fitting
Putlog Adapter
Base
Plate

A metal plate with a

spigot for distributing
A fitting to provide a putlog blade on the end
the load from a
of a tube
Must bear on wall at least 75 mm standard/raker or
Minimum dimension 150mm x 150mm
Shear length of 1.12 kN other load-bearing
tube

Toe Board
Clip:

Castor Wheel

A wheel for use with mobile

tower scaffold
A clip used for attaching toe boards to tubes SWL identified on frame of wheel15
16
Board retainer
clamp

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Reveal Pin
Gin Wheel

Inserted into the end of a tube and adjusted Used for raising and lowering
to secure scaffold in openings (window etc.) components and material to a
for ties of 3.5 kN maximum pull scaffold structure
SWL stamped on frame

Girder Coupler
For connecting scaffold tubes to RSJs. Units
must be used in pairs. Loadings refer to
manufacturer’s recommendations 18
 3. Scaffold Tubes

Tubes should be manufactured and tested in accordance with BS 1 139 Part 1 'Specification for
tubes for use in scaffolding'. Three main types of tube are in common use throughout the
United Kingdom: Black steel tubes Galvanized steel tubes Aluminum alloy tubes Both black
steel and galvanized steel tubes possess the same properties, except galvanized tubes are
more resistant to corrosion. These common properties are:
•Outside diameter, 48.3 mm (2’’ or 1.9’’)
•Nominal wall thickness, 4.0 mm or 3.2 mm
•Weight, approx. 4.4 kg/m
Aluminum tube has the same diameter as steel, but IS slightly thicker and much lighter. It is
more flexible than steel and not as strong. For this reason aluminum tube should not be used at
the same level as steel tube. Advantage may be taken of the best characteristics of the two
materials by placing aluminum tube on top of steel tube in tall scaffold structures. In practice,
however, it is generally not recommended to use both kinds of tube on the same structure. The
common properties of aluminum tube are as follows:
•Outside diameter, 48.3 mm
•Nominal wall thickness, 4.5 mm
•Weight approx. 1.7kg/m
Aluminum tube is tempered using heat during manufacture. Any further heat applied to the tube
may weaken it.
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Repair of Tubes Common Faults:
Corroded tubes should be cleaned with a
wire brush and the extent of damage
assessed by a, competent and experienced
examiner. Bent steel tubes may be
straightened using a rolling machine, but Flame cut tube
bent aluminium tube should be thrown out.
Repairing scaffold tubes is a skilled job and
must only be undertaken by specialists.
Angel cut tube

Inspection
The ability of a scaffold to carry its load is
largely dependent on the strength and Burred tube

condition of the tubes used in construction.

Consequently, tubes must be checked to
ensure they are:
•Straight
Split end tube

•Free from cracks, splits, bad

dents and excessive corrosion Bent tube
•Cut square and clean at each
end 20
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3. Scaffold Boards

Nearly all scaffold boards are manufactured from sawn and seasoned timber.
Boards should comply with BS 2482 'Specification for Timber Scaffold Boards'.
This identifies the types of wood which may be used in the manufacture of scaffold
boards and recommends a method of testing to assess their bending strength.
Timber boards come in three thicknesses - 38 mm, 50 mm and 63 mm - and are
normally 225 mm wide and 3.90 m long. Shorter boards are used when necessary.
The most common board is 225 mm x 38 mm

Steel Decking and Laminated

Boards. A number of firms market staging's which are made of steel or aluminum,
or laminated boards 1 that may be used in conjunction with proprietary system
scaffold. These come in a variety of widths. Safe spans are quoted in the
manufacturer's literature and timber items should comply with BS 11 29 'Timber
ladders, steps, trestles and lightweight staging for industrial use'. Portable
aluminum ladders, steps, trestles and lightweight staging's are covered by BS
2037. 22
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OSHA boards

Board thickness Board width Max. span

1 ½’’ (38mm) 9’’ to 10’’(225mm) 5 feet(1.5m)

2’’(50mm) 9’’ to 10’’(230mm) 8 feet(2.4m)

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 Planking

300mm • Wood scaffold planks

150mm min.
min. should be nominal
300mm max.
2inches x 10 inches.
• Planking should extend a
minimum of 6 inches over
the center of each
support (unless cleated to
prevent the plank from
sliding) and a maximum
of 12 inches
Planks that are longer than 10̍ may extend no more than18 inches unless
the platform is guardrailed to prevent access to the cantilevered area 27
12 inch minimum

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No problem , if guard
rail is there

14 inch

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Gaps in Decking
There are no permissible gaps in decking.
Scaffolds should be erected as near to the building
as is reasonably practicable, except when it is
required for workers to sit on the edge of the
boarded deck, in which case the gap should not
exceed 300 mm.

1 inch max
2.5 cm

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Inspection and Maintenance Common Faults
Care should be taken of boards in use. No
overstressing should be allowed, e.g. that
caused by impact loading. Boards should not
be used as ramps or platforms over long
spans, nor should they be placed where
vehicular or other loads can be put on them.
Boards showing any evidence of damage from
the aforementioned, e.g. tire marks, should be
destroyed. Scaffold boards should be cleaned
and the bands or nail plates secured or
replaced. Scaffold boards may be cut down or
repaired using nail plates depending on the
degree of damage. No cut outs, burns, oil
stains or projecting nails should be present.
Boards should not be painted or treated in any
way that may conceal defects, but can be
fireproofed using an approved material.
Storage
Scaffold boards should be stacked no more than 20
high, bonded together with short timber battens, and
placed on level timbers, off the ground for protection
from surface water. Boards should be protected from 32
weather and have a free circulation of air.
 Corner planks laid first,90°planks on top

PLATFORM
01
Not planked

PLATFORM
02
structure Not
planked

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Storage

Scaffold tubes are generally supplied in lengths of 6.3 m. Shorter tubes are
available from stock; for example, transoms of 1.5 m and 1.8 m length.
Wherever possible tubes should be sorted according to length and stored in
racks with their ends flush. This makes it easier to identify and select tubes
of the required length.

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 Maintenance and storage
• Store all scaffolding parts in an organized manner in a dry and protected
environment .

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STANDARD

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TRANSOM

LEDGER

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Scaffold Basic Requirements

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 Foundations/Sills
• Base plates must be
placed under the legs.
• Use mudsill continuous
under both legs of the
scaffold. The sill extends
at least 9 inches past the
center line of the leg and
be of 2inch x 10 inches
lumber.

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Foundation Sills

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Mud sills distribute scaffolding loads to the ground or support structure

For four levels and not heavy loads.

hard ground
2x9x12 inch ( 50X230X300)mm
soft ground
2x9x18 inch ( 50X230X450)mm

TYPE A Soils 2x10x18 inch

TYPE B Soils 2x18x18 inch
TYPE C Soils 2inchx3feetx3feet
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 Uk standard
Sole plate minimum dimensions (35x220mm)

These should be:

on hard ground

35 mm x 220 mm x 500 mm

on soft ground
35 mm x 220 mm x 765 mm

When a sole plate is used on hard ground, the area beneath any one
standard should be at least 1000 cm2, with a minimum dimension of
220 mm.
If a timber sole plate is used, it must be not less than 35 mm thick.
On soft or disturbed ground, the sole plate area should not be less than
1700 cm2 42
43
Scaffold Foundations

• Scaffolds must
have base plates,
even when setting
on a concrete
floor.
• Also, the lack of a
base plate could
damage the
scaffold leg.
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 Scaffold Support Examples

Base plate

Sole
board

Good support Inadequate support –

in danger of collapse?
Base plate distribute scaffolding loads to the ground or support structure
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On sloping ground, steps should be cut into the ground to accept base
plates or sole boards. If the slope exceeds 1:10, an engineer should
check that the ground has sufficient stability.

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 Scaffold Foundations

Scaffold should be no close than 1.5 times the depth of excavation 49

Heavy Duty Foundations

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 How to identify
(light duty/medium duty/heavy duty)(USA)
Light duty 3m
Working platform 3mx1.2m(10x4feet) 1.2 m
Transom diameter 48.3mm

2.1 m
Medium duty 2.1mx1.2m 2.4x1.8m
1.2m
(7x4feet) (8x6feet)
Transom diameter 48.3mm 62.5mm
(not used) 1.8m
Heavy duty 1.8m X 1.8m
1.8m
6̍ x 6̍
Transom diameter 62.5mm (not used)
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 Plumb, Level, and Square

• Use a tape measure to check for

“square” by measuring the distance
between opposite corners. The
measurements should be equal.

A D

C B
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General rules for any brace erection:
1. Not touching the ground
2. Longitudinal bracing Angle between 45±5 degree
3. Always fitted on standard ( post)
4. Fitted close to node point with maximum distance of
300mm (12’’)

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 BRACING
Transverse bracing

1.Forming an x across the width of the scaffold must be installed at the

scaffold ends, and at least at
• Every third set of posts horizontally (measured from only one end), and
• Every fourth runner vertically
2.Bracing must extend upward diagonally to opposite sides of the scaffold,
such as from the inner posts or runners to the next outer posts or runners , or
vice versa

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 last

Every 4 ledger or 3 lifts

Max..every 3 open bays
first last
3

first

Horizontally
Vertically
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 Max..every 3 open bays
first last

Horizontally
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 Longitudinal bracing

On scaffolds whose length is greater than their height, longitudinal bracing must be
repeated beginning at least at every fifth post.
On scaffolds whose length is less than their height, longitudinal bracing must be
installed from the base of the end posts upward to the opposite end posts, and then
in alternating directions until reaching the top of the scaffold

System scaffolds must be diagonally braced. Most manufacturers recommend

attaching in diagonal in the same direction one above the other, rather than zig zaging
as in tube and clamp
Free standing towers must be braced on all four sides to the full height.
Plan bracing to be at base , top & every 3 lifts.

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Longitudinal diagonal bracing
zig zag method

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 Scaffold Height

6m
The height of the
scaffold should
not be more than
four times its
minimum base
dimension unless
guys, ties, or
braces are used
1.5m
71
Ties installed at each end of
the scaffold and at horizontal
distance not to exceed 30feet
(9m).
Recommendation:
-Ties to be at normally 6m
vertically and horizontally.
- During erection &
dismantling ties
(temporary ties )should
be max. Every 4 times
the width.
- Maximum one lift above
the last vertical support

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 First Last
Vertically 4xw or not more than 6m

Width (w) Max. horizontally 30ft

( recommended 6m) 73
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Max . Ht. 4Xw

Width (w)

First Last

Max. horizontally 30ft

( recommended 6m) 75
Rakers

-raker slop 4 to 1
-only 1 tube can be
4 to 1 used (max. 2 lifts can
be supported ).

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First Last

Max. horizontally 30ft

( recommended 6m)

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Scaffold Ties

Basic requirements
Ties should be provided to resist inward and outward
movement of independent and putlog scaffolds. They
should have a minimum capacity of 6.25 kN (625 kg).

Ties for Small Scaffolds Without Returns

When only two ties are required, it is preferable to
place the ties toward the ends of a straight run of
scaffold.

Layout of Ties
Ties should be evenly distributed over the scaffold with
spacing not exceeding 6 or 8.5 m (20 or 26 ft) vertically
& 30 ft horizontally. Where the building surface permits
a staggered arrangement of ties, this should be adopted
in preference to a rectangular pattern. They are
normally spaced at 6 m intervals
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 Types of Ties
Through Ties (+ ve) •
Reveal Ties (- ve) •
Box Ties (+ ve) •
Anchor Bolt (+ ve) •

Some manufacturers recommend horizontal diagonal at the tie point location

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 Through Ties (+ve type)
A tube is taken through any convenient opening,
such as a window, and coupled to a vertical or
horizontal tubes

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 B- Reveal Ties (Not Positive)
A tube is wedged into an opening in the
wall by means of reveal pin. A second
tube is then fixed between this tube and
the scaffold to form the tie.

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6 inch
max

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 C- Box Ties (Positive Ties)
If there are columns close to the scaffold.
Tie tubes run both sides of the column,
with cross tubes tied back and front to
both tie tubes.

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Box tie. This forms an assembly of tubes and couplers around columns or
other parts of a building. It should preferably be at the level of the scaffold lift and
joined to both inside and outside ledgers or uprights

86
Box Ties
Box ties consist of an assembly of tubes and couplers arranged in the form of a
square fixed around columns or other elements of the building, being wedged,
where necessary, to resist both inward and outward movement and to gibe some
degree of lateral restraint. Figure 3 items B and C are typical examples.
The should be at the level of the scaffold lift and be joined to both the inside and
the outside ledgers or standards. If this impedes free access through the scaffold,
then it is permissible for them to be fixed to the inside standard. In this case they
should be adequately attached to resist the loading.

87
87
Lips Ties
Where it is not possible to use box ties, lip ties may be fitted (see Figure 4).
These consist of an L-shaped arrangement of tubes and couplers to hook the
scaffold behind parts of the building. They should be accompanied by an
adjacent butting transom to resist inward movement (as shown in Figure 4(D))
to resist sideways movement. Sway transoms should not be regarded as a
substitute for facade bracing. They should be coupled to the ledger with load-
bearing couplers. Care should be taken to ensure that the strength of any
building feature utilized is adequate, particularly if this is a parapet or similar
structure.

88
D- Anchor Bolt (Positive Type)

• They leave a hole

behind which has
to be repaired.
• A pull out force of
at least 800 lbs,
1200 lbs, and 1600
lbs is necessary
for light, medium,
and heavy duty
scaffolds 89
respectively.
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91
 Recommendation:

All bracing , raker and ties should

erected close to Node point with max.
distance not more than 12’’ ( 300mm).
Node point: it’s the intersection between
standard, ledger & transom.

92
 Easy means of access to
6feet platform if plate form
( 1.8m) height more than 2 feet
(60cm )

Employee on a scaffold more than 6feet(1.8m) above a lower level must be

protected from falling to that lower level by guard rail system or personal fall93
arrester system..
TOE BOARD ?

3.5feet
(1.2m)

94
 Access Onto Scaffold
• A platform should not be installed on a
scaffold without a safe and easy means
of access. An access must be provided
for any platform more than 2 feet above
lower level.
• OSHA requires that adequate means of
access is given to the scaffold platform.
• Stairways or demountable ladders.
• In addition Waco has a walk-through
and an end frame with built-in ladders.
95
 Scaffold of height 6feet and above
Guard rail must be provided

Top rail height :38” to 45” (96.5-115cm)

load withstand :200pounds(90kg)

Mid rail height :21inch (53.4cm)

Load withstand :150pounds(68kg)

Toe board height :3½ inch(usa) (9cm)

Load withstand :50 pounds (22kg)

Planks size :50 X 230mm or 38X225mm

(OSHA 2” OR 1 ½” X 9-10 “)
Distance between planks :1inch (2.5cm)
Scaffold walkway :minimum 18inch(45cm)
The remaining space on transom member (between the last plank and
guard rail) cannot exceed : 9½ inch 96
97
 SHALL NOT
BE MORE
THAN 9 ½”

Each scaffold walkway shall be

at least 18 inches (45 cm) wide. ✓ 98
6mm (max)
¼inch(max)

99
 RECOMMENDED BY STI

Two or more ladders or some additional

means of egress must be provided for:
a. Platforms longer than 30 feet(10m)
b. More than 25 people using the scaffold for
access to the structure
c. Large objects or equipment's separating
workers from the ladders
d. Anticipated continuous flow of traffic.
100
 LADDER
• Bottom steps of ladder must not be more than 2 feet (60cm)
from the supporting level.
• Minimum rung length of 11½ inches(29cm)
• Uniform spacing between the rungs of a maximum 16¾ inches
(43cm)
• Rest platforms are recommended for at least every max.35 feet
(10m) of elevation .
• When direct access is used ,spacing between scaffold and
another surface should be no more than 14’’ (35 cm)
horizontally and 24’’ (60 cm) vertically
• ladder should extend above platform with min.3 rungs
(commonly 1m).
• It’s recommended to erect ladder with 75° to horizontal ( 4 101
vertical to 1 horizontal).
102
Access

103
The front edge of all platforms shall not be more
than 14 inches (35 cm) from the face of the
work, unless guardrail systems are erected
along the front edge and/or personnel fall arrest
systems are used.

14 inch
35 cm

104
35CM

105
Raising and Lowering Materials

106
 Gin Wheels
Most scaffolds require at least a simple lifting 100 kg
device to raise materials to the necessary
750 mm max
working height. Gin wheels are the most widely
used.
The tube supporting the qin wheel should be
fixed either to two standards which have been
braced, e.g. a ledger braced pair of standards
in an independent tied scaffold, or, in the case
of a putlog scaffold, to one standard and braced
back to the ledger or putlog tube at mature
brickwork level. It should be noted that in the
case of an independent tied scaffold, where a
joint occurs on the inside standard, between the
supporting tube and the working platform level,
then this joint should be a sleeve coupler (not 50 kg
an internal joint pin).

50 kg

107
107
 FALL HAZARD PROTECTION
FALL PROTECTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS:

A - Anchorage/Anchorage Connectors:
Commonly Referred to As a Tie-off Point (e.g. I-
Beam). Used to Join the Connecting Device to the
Anchorage (e.g. cross-arm strap).
B - Body Harness:
The Personal Protective Equipment Worn by the
Worker (e.g. full-body harness).
C - Connecting Devices:
The Critical Link Which Joins the Body Harness to
the Anchorage/Anchorage Connector (e.g. shock-
absorbing lanyard or retractable lifeline).

108
109
Lanyard life line, fall arrest system
components and anchorage points
must have a minimum capacity of
5000 pounds, not more than 6 feet
long

110
111
Working Platforms and Decking cont.

Length of Decking
The ends of a working platform should,
where possible, extend beyond the end
of the wall or working face by a
distance of 600 mm when work is to be
carried out up to the end of the wall.
Slope of Decking
Gangways and working platforms
should preferably be horizontal but
may slope up to 1 vertical to 4
horizontal without stepping laths slopes
steeper than this they should be with
stepping laths to give a firm foothold.
Stepping laths may incorporate gaps
not exceeding 100 mm in width for
wheels of barrows.

112
MOBILE SCAFFOLD ( ACCORDING TO BS STANDARD )

Min diameter of the wheel 15cm

Max standard spacing on a mobile tower 2.5m
Min base dimension not less than 1.2m
Max height of a mobile tower (internal) 12m
Max height of a mobile tower (external) 08m

Max lift height 2.7m

Freestanding height
mobile internal 3.5 to 1
mobile external 3.0 to 1

Working platform 01
Distributed load 150kg/m²
(120 kg/m² as per OSHA)
Bracing should be on all 4 sides of the tower to the full height
Plan bracing to be at base , top & every 3 lifts.
113
Mobile tower scaffolds

When working from a mobile

tower scaffold make sure:

• it is no higher than three

times the smallest base width;

• outriggers are fitted; and

• caster brakes are locked on.

You must not be on the scaffold

while it is being moved.

Only use this type of scaffold

on level, surfaced areas.

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118
Determine the weight on a scaffold and
compare that weight to the maximum weight
that the manufacturer recommends to be
Placed.

1.Rated load

2.Weight on a scaffold

1.Dead load

2.Live load
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120
 Scaffold Tagging System
• As a scaffold is being erected, it will be under the control of the scaffold
supervisor or team leader, who will be a certified scaffolder. The scaffold erection
will be recorded using the scaffold tagging system.
• This system has be devised as a major safety feature. It does not allow any
person to be aloft on an unsafe or unfinished scaffold
• Scaffold tags are to be signed by a scaffold supervisor for all scaffolds up to and
including 20 feet (6 m). For all scaffolds above this height or any ‘Specially’
designed scaffolds, a scaffold supervisor and a Certified Scaffold Inspector shall
sign the scaffold tag.
• The tag is place at the entrance of the scaffold
• The scaffold tags are to be filled only by a permanent marker pen

121
Scaffold Tagging System
Red Tag:
Indicates that the scaffold is UNSAFE and has not been inspected.
This red tag is also the holder for the other tags. ONLY scaffold
erection crews are allowed to be on or working on a scaffold with a
red tag

Green Tag:
Indicates that the scaffold is complete, has been inspected and is
SAFE for use at the time of inspection. Under NO circumstances
is a person allowed to alter a scaffold without prior approval of the
scaffold supervisor. A GREEN scaffold tag is only VALID for 2
weeks MAXIMUM. It must then be re-inspected and the scaffold
tag is signed for a further 2 week period

Yellow Tag:
Indicates that the scaffold has been inspected and may be used
ONLY by personnel who are wearing full body harness ‘Fall
Protection’ and are correctly attached to a SAFE ANCHOR
POINT with a ‘Lanyard’. A yellow scaffold tag is required
whenever all guard rails or planks cannot be physically installed.
A YELLOW scaffold tag is only VALID for 2 week, at which time it
must be re-inspected and the scaffold tag signed ‘Safe to Use’ 122
for a further 2 weeks
122
Scaffold Tagging System

123
Contract
Project Title:
No.
Area/
Date:
Location:
Name and Title of the Contractor:
L
o
c
Scaffold Tag Serial Date of Signature of
a Description of Scaffold Result of Inspection Name of Inspector
No. No. Inspection Inspector
ti
o
n

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10
Distribution:
Original copy to: Project Manager  Copy to: HSE Manager  Safety Officer Others: (Please Specify) ……….. ………………………...

Note: Attached herewith proof of competence of scaffolding inspector

124
10feet

10 feet

125
3 feet away from insulated
Power lines of less than
300 volts

126
127
Dismantling Scaffolds

The following precautions should be observed.

(a) DO NOT remove all the ties.
(b) DO NOT remove all the bracing first.
(c) DO NOT remove all the intermediate and board end transoms.
(d) DO NOT remove all intermediate guard rails.
An access scaffold may have been temporarily stabilised during
construction by rakers that subsequently have been removed. If the level of the
lowest tie point is high, e.g. over entrance halls or above tall shop windows,
temporary rakers or other structurally adequate means of support should be built up
from the ground to achieve stability of the part-dismantled scaffold.

128
NO ACCESS

129
SCAFFOLD OVERLOAD

130
131
Over load

132
Evenly distributed

133
Not properly erected

134
NOT PROPERLY ERECTED

NO GUARD RAIL
135
NOT PROPERLY ERECTED136
KWIK STAGE

CUP LOCK

137
TUBE & CLAMP

CUP LOCK

138
139
140
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142
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144
145
146
Max. 4’’ ( 100mm)

147
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150
151
 SOLE BOARD distribute scaffolding loads
to the ground or support structure

X 152
 Home make ladder not
allowed

153
154
No Access – No PPE
Wire rope may be used as a guard
rail but must not deflect more than
the allowable heights

155
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159
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162
Unsafe Access

163
164
165
166
Unsafe act – Unsafe condition

167
Unbelievable

168
 Safety Violations

There is no fall protection or safe access

‫ال توجد اى وسيلة للحماية من السقوط او مدخل آمن‬

169
 Safety Violations

No Fall Protection – No PPE

‫ال توجد حماية من السقوط – ال يوجد حزام آمان‬

170
Quiz
What is
wrong with
this
scaffold?

171