Mejias - Activtiy 7 - Control Lab

Central Mindanao University
College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
CONTROL ENGINEERING (LABORATORY)
LABORATORY ACTIVITY 7
MODELLING OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Name Laurence E. Mejias
Class Section and Schedule BSME 3A (Monday 7:00 AM - 10:00 AM )
Device Computer No. 3
Software Edition Automation Studio 7.0 Educational

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the activity, the students are expected to,

• Differentiate between translational and rotational mechanical
systems.
• Determine the components of a translational system.
• Identify the parameters and components of a rotational mechanical
system.
• Use Mason’s Gain formula to find the transfer function of a signal flow
graph.
II. INTRODUCTION
Mechanical systems are ubiquitous in engineering applications, ranging

from simple springs and masses to complex robotic manipulators and aerospace
structures. Understanding the behavior of these systems is essential for designing
effective control strategies to achieve desired performance.
III. DISCUSSION (Answer and discuss these questions)
1. What are the components of a translational mechanical system? Elaborate and

discuss.
• In a translational mechanical system, the key components work together
to facilitate linear motion, where an object moves along a straight path. One
fundamental component is the object itself, which possesses mass and
inertia. This object is typically subjected to a force that initiates or controls
its motion. For instance, this force could come from gravity, which pulls
objects downward, or from an external force applied to push or pull the
object. Additionally, elements like springs can also contribute to the system
by providing restoring forces that act in opposition to displacement, thus
enabling oscillatory or vibratory motion. Furthermore, translational systems
often encounter resistance to motion, such as friction or damping. Friction
opposes the relative motion between surfaces in contact, while damping
refers to the dissipation of kinetic energy, often through mechanisms like
air resistance or fluid damping. These resisting elements play crucial roles
in regulating and controlling the motion within the system. Altogether, these
components—object, applied force, and resisting elements—interact to
produce and regulate linear motion in translational mechanical systems.
2. What are the parameters and components of a rotational mechanical system?

Elaborate and discuss.
• A rotational mechanical system, on the other hand, revolves around
motion along a circular path or rotation around an axis. Within such
systems, parameters such as torque, angular velocity, and moment of
inertia are pivotal. Torque represents the rotational force applied to induce
or control rotation, akin to how force affects linear motion. Angular velocity
describes the rate of rotation, measured in radians per second, while
moment of inertia quantifies an object's resistance to changes in its
rotational motion, analogous to inertia in translational systems. The
components of rotational systems are tailored to facilitate and regulate
rotational motion. Central to these systems is the rotating body itself, which
could be a wheel, rotor, or any object capable of rotation. This body
experiences torque, either from an external source or generated internally,
to initiate or control its rotation. Moreover, rotational systems often
incorporate bearings or gears to support and guide rotation smoothly,
minimizing friction and facilitating efficient transfer of torque. These
components—rotating body, torque source, and supportive elements—
work in concert to enable and regulate rotational motion within the system.
3. Differentiate translational and rotational mechanical systems.

• The distinction between translational and rotational mechanical systems
lies primarily in the type of motion they exhibit. Translational systems
involve motion along a straight path, where objects move from one point to
another, while rotational systems entail motion around an axis, resulting in
circular or rotational motion. This fundamental difference in motion
necessitates distinct parameters and components in each type of system.
Translational systems focus on linear motion, with components optimized
for displacement along a straight path. In contrast, rotational systems
center around rotation, with components designed to facilitate and regulate
angular motion around an axis. While both types of systems involve forces
and resistance, their respective parameters, such as torque and angular
velocity in rotational systems, and their components, such as rotating
bodies and supporting elements, are tailored to suit the specific
characteristics of translational or rotational motion.
IV. MATERIALS
o Pen
o Paper
o Calculator
V. LABORATORY PROCEDURES
Signal Flow Graphs
1. Illustrate and resolve the example found in (https://bit.ly/3Ww5Mxc).
2. Illustrate and resolve the example found in (https://bit.ly/3JSWmnO).

3. Illustrate and resolve the example found in (https://bit.ly/3JMGO51).

VI. CONCLUSION (Discuss what you have learned based on the objectives)
In conclusion, our lab activity has provided a insightful opportunity to explore
and understand key concepts in mechanical systems and signal processing.
Through practical exercises, we successfully differentiated between translational
and rotational mechanical systems, gaining insights into their distinct
characteristics and components. We identified the essential components of a
translational system, emphasizing the roles of forces, masses, and resistive
elements in facilitating linear motion. Similarly, we delved into the parameters and
components of rotational mechanical systems, highlighting torque, angular
velocity, and supportive elements like bearings and gears crucial for rotational
motion.
Moreover, our exploration extended to signal processing, where we applied
Mason's Gain formula to determine the transfer function of a signal flow graph. This
analytical approach enabled us to analyze complex systems and understand the
relationships between input and output signals.
Moving forward, it is recommended to reinforce our understanding through
additional practice and experimentation, particularly in applying Mason's Gain
formula to diverse signal flow graphs. Additionally, exploring real-world
applications of translational and rotational systems in engineering contexts can
deepen our comprehension and appreciation of these concepts. Regular
engagement with hands-on activities and problem-solving exercises will further
enhance our proficiency in mechanical systems and signal processing, preparing
us for future academic and professional endeavors.
VII. REFERENCES
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/control_systems/control_systems_modelling_mec
hanical.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=984WJmg3iwk
https://www.rcet.org.in/uploads/academics/rohini_21101940410.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/SatheeshCS2/mechanical-translational-rotational-
systems-and-electrical-analogous-circuitsin-control-systems
https://bbec.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/wpforo/default_attachments/1627370732-
21-Translational-Mechanical-System.pdf

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Central Mindanao University

CONTROL ENGINEERING (LABORATORY)

Name Laurence E. Mejias

Class Section and Schedule BSME 3A (Monday 7:00 AM - 10:00 AM )

Device Computer No. 3

Software Edition Automation Studio 7.0 Educational

At the end of the activity, the students are expected to,

Mechanical systems are ubiquitous in engineering applications, ranging

III. DISCUSSION (Answer and discuss these questions)

1. What are the components of a translational mechanical system? Elaborate and

2. What are the parameters and components of a rotational mechanical system?

3. Differentiate translational and rotational mechanical systems.

2. Illustrate and resolve the example found in (https://bit.ly/3JSWmnO).

3. Illustrate and resolve the example found in (https://bit.ly/3JMGO51).

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