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Homework 2 - Model Solution

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18 views

Homework 2 - Model Solution

Uploaded by

Info Hub by Engr. Faizi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHYS-E6570 Solar Energy Engineering

Homework 2
Model Solutions

a) Sun rises and sets when cos θz = 0, so from exercise formula


sin δ sin φ
cos ω = − = − tan δ tan φ (1)
cos δ cos φ

Polar night begins when the sun does not rise at all and ends when it begins to rise again,
i.e. at solar noon (ω = 0) the sun is on the horizon. Using (1)

1
cos ω = 1 ⇒ tan δ = − (2)
tan φ
◦
For Muonio we have φ = 68 , so the required declination is
1
tan δ = − ◦
⇒ δ = −22◦ (3)
tan 68

Declination for the day of the year is given by


 284 + n 
δ = 23.45◦ sin 360◦ (4)
365
Solving for n gives
365 −1
 δ 
n= sin − 284 (5)
360◦ 23.45◦
Inserting (3) gives two solutions

n = −354.714 ∧ n = −30.785 (6)

For actual year dates this translates to

n1 = −355 + 365 = 10 and n2 = −31 + 365 = 334 (7)

As these are days when the sun is just at the horizon, the actual polar night is from year
day 335 to day 9 next year equaling 40 days. This is from december 1st to january 9th.

For the midnight sun the same equations apply. However, now ω = 180 in equation (2),
as the sun needs to be on the horizon at solar midnight.
1
cos ω = −1 ⇒ tan δ = ⇒ δ = 22◦ (8)
tan 68◦

1
Inserting (8) to (5) yields

n = −213.285 ∧ n = −172.215 (9)

and translating to year days gives

n1 = −213 + 365 = 152 and n2 = −172 + 365 = 193 (10)

In the same manner as for the polar night, excluding the days when the sun is just at
the horizon gives a period from day 153 to 192, a period of 40 days, which matches the
result for polar night. With dates this is from june 2nd to july 11th.

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