Solution

ALL KERALA COMMON MODEL EXAMINATION 2023-24

Class 10 - Science
Section A
1.
(d) II and IV
Explanation: Black residue would be obtained in test tubes II and IV because Al and Zn will displace iron from F eSO to 4

form black residue as these are more reactive than iron.

2Al + 3F eSO → Al (SO ) + 3F e
4 2 4 3 (1)
Zn + F eSO4 → ZnSO4 + F e

2.
(b) Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 +7 H2O
Explanation: FeSO4 on heating gives Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 + H2O.

At 300 oC, hydrated ferrous sulphate becomes anhydrous and colourless. This salt when strongly heated breaks up to form a
ferric oxide with the evolution of SO2 and SO3. (1)
FeSO4.7H2O → FeSO4 → Fe2O3 + SO2 ↑ + SO3 ↑

3.
(b) (iii) The volume of thoracic cavity increases.
Explanation: The volume of thoracic cavity increases. 1 mark
4. (a) Fullerenes
Explanation: Carbon can exist in three solid forms (Diamond, Graphite, Fullerenes) called allotropes. C60 and C70 are
members of Fullerenes (Allotropes of carbon). Buckminsterfullerene contains a cluster of 60 carbon atoms joined together to
form spherical molecules. (1)
5.
(b) lighter, insoluble
Explanation:
1. Since the gas is collected over water so it is insoluble.
2. The gas evolved is lighter than air. (1)

6. (a) A and D
Explanation: An acidic oxide will turn blue litmus red. Non-metal oxides (Oxides of S and N) are acidic in nature. Metal
oxides (Oxides of Mg and Na) are basic in nature.(1)
7.
(c) only single bonds
Explanation: A molecule of ammonia (NH3​) has only single bonds. (1)

8.
(d) Dissolve chlorophyll
Explanation: Dissolve chlorophyll 1 mark
9.
(d) Cl2 present
Explanation: Cl2 is a bleaching agent (1)

10.
(c) (iv)
Explanation: Reflex arc is formed by sensory receptor, spinal cord/brain and muscle which is effector.
1 mark

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11. (a) 30
Explanation: 30 1 mark
12.
(b) shedding of yellow leaves
Explanation: shedding of yellow leaves 1 mark
13.
(b) High resistance, Low melting point
Explanation: A fuse wire has high resistance and low melting point so that it will melt if a current of large magnitude passes
through the wire. (1)
14.
(d) 0.6 Ohms
Explanation: Given,
Current, I = 5A
Potential difference, V = 3V
We know that,
V = IR
Therefore,
3=5×R
R = = 0.6 Ohms
3

5
(1)
15.
(b) Primary consumer to secondary consumer
Explanation:
If a grasshopper is eaten by a frog, then the energy transfer will be from a primary consumer to a secondary consumer.
A grasshopper is a primary consumer. A frog is a secondary consumer. 1 mark

16. (a) (ii) and (iv)

Explanation: Tthe answer is (ii) and (iv) in which the given materials in the options cannot be degraded by micro-organisms
and hence are non-biodegradable. 1 mark
17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: CaCO3 on heating gives CO2 and CaO. (1)

18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 1 mark
19.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both the statements are correct individually, but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. As when a
fault occurs in the domestic lines there is a protective device called fuse which breaks the circuit and protects all the
equipments by melting the low melting point wire wrapped to it in order to interrupt supply. (1)
20.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is false but R is true. 1 mark
Section B
21. When ethanol is heated at 443 K with excess of concentrated sulphuric acid, the sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent and
removes excess water from the reaction mixture. ( 1 )
Hot conc. H2 S O4

C H3 C H2 OH −−−−−−−−−→ C H2 = C H2 + H2 O
443K

(1)
22. i. The figure indicates fertilisation process in flowering plant or pollen grain germination on stigma 1 mark
ii. B is stigma which receives pollen grains during pollination. (1/2 mark)
iii. E is pollen tube which carries the male gamete towards female gamete in ovary for fertilisation. (1/2 mark)
23. (a) renal vein (1/2 mark)
(b) glucose / amino acids / salt (1/2 mark)

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 The amount of water reabsorbed depends on (i) how much excess water there is in the body (ii) how much dissolved waste is
to be excreted. (1/2 + 1/2 marks)
OR
Transpiration is important for plants because of the following reasons: (any 2 points) 1 mark each.
a. It creates a transpiration pull to facilitate the ascent of sap.
b. The ascent of sap is necessary to make water available for photosynthesis.
c. It helps a plant to get rid of the excess water.
d. It help in cooling the plant body.
24. A convex lens can form a (i) real, inverted and magnified image as well as (ii) virtual, erect and magnified image of an object.
(Any one of the two)

Diagram (1) Position (1)

25. i. Short food chains are more efficient in terms of energy. The shorter the food chain is, more is the available amount of energy.
Cereal Plant → Human being (1 mark)
ii. Non biodegradable pesticides accumulate progressively at each trophic level. Hawk will have highest level of pesticidesince it
belongs to last trophic level. This is known as biological magnification. (1 mark)
26. a. Myopia. (1/2)
b. Concave lens (1/2)
Given, P = - 0.5 D
We have
P= m 1

f= 1

P
= 1

(−0.5)

f = -2m
f = -200 cm (1)
OR
i. Ray diagram showing Myopic eye is:

(1)

ii. Concave lens (1)

Section C
27. (a) With the help of the wires,try to convert the samples in the form of thin wires. Metals will be readily formed into thin
wires being ductile whereas non metals being brittle will break. Now if we construct a cell using these wires the circuit which
consists of metallic wires conducts electricity and the bulb will glow whereas non-metallic wires will not allow electricity to pass
through them. Also,if beaten by a hammer, the metallic samples will produce a loud ringing sound indicating the metals are
sonorous.
(b) From these tests we can say :
(i) Metals are ductile whereas non-metals are not. (1)
(ii) Metals are good conductors of electricity while non metals are not. (1)
(iii) Metals are sonorous while non-metals are not. (1)
28. i. Bromine (1/2)
ii. Carbon is a non-metal which conducts electricity. (1/2)
iii. Iodine is a non-metal having lustre. (1/2)
iv. Carbon (Diamond) is a hard non-metal. (1/2)
v. Sulphur reacts with oxygen to form sulphur dioxide. Product formed is an acidic oxide.
( 1/2 + 1/2)
OR

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 i. Elements which contain 1 to 3 electrons in their outermost shell are metals. Elements containing 4 to 7 electrons in their
valence shell are non-metals.
Electronic configurations:
23
N a(Z = 11 ) = 2, 8, 1
11

19
B(Z = 9) = 2, 7
9

24
C (Z = 12) = 2, 8, 2
12

31
D(Z = 15) = 2, 8, 5
15

35
E(Z = 17) = 2, 8, 7
17

Hence A and C are metals whereas, B, D and E are non-metals. (4X1/2=2)

ii. Type of bonds
a. 'A' is metal and 'B' is non-metal, so the bond formed will be ionic.
A =2, 8,1 B = 2, 7

(1/2)

b. 'D' is a non-metal and 'E' is also a non-metal, so the bond formed will be covalent.

( 1/2)

29. (i) Diagram of female reproductive system. (1 mark)

(a) oviduct / fallopian tube (1/2 mark)
(b) uterus (1/2 mark)
(ii) If the egg is not fertilised, then the lining of the uterine wall which is thick and spongy, slowly breaks and comes out of vagina
as blood and mucous. This is menstrual flow or menstruation. (1 mark)
30. (i) Use any suitable trait like tall/dwarf or round/wrinkled
TT X tt
Tall dwarf
gametes T t
F1 Tt X Tt all tall (self fertilisation) (1/2 mark)
gametes T t T t
F2 TT Tt Tt tt
tall dwarf
Phenotypic ratio: 3:1 (1/2 mark)
When parents with pure contrasting traits are crossed, only one form of trait is expressed in F1 generation.This expressed form is
the dominant trait. Eg. tall trait is dominant over dwarf trait. The one which is not expressed in F1 generation is called recessive
trait. (1 mark)
(ii) This represents a zygote with XX chromosome which is a girl. (1 mark)
31. a. Yes The degree of refection depends on refractive index of a given liquid. (1)
Refractive indices of kerosene, water and other liquids would be different. Hence, degree of bending would be different in case
of different liquids. (1)
b. Light travels fastest in the medium with refractive index 1.0003 (1)
32. Let the current through the circuit be I which is divided into I1 and I2 in the arms AB and CD respectively, then we have
I = I1 + I2
In the arm AB, the total resistance is
R1= 6Ω + 3Ω = 9Ω
and the total resistance in the arm CD is
R2 = 12Ω + 3Ω = 15Ω
i. Then current in the 6Q resistor i.e.,
V
I1 = R1

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 = 4

= 0.44 A (1)
ii. Now the current through CD is
I2 = V

R2

4
= 15

= 0.27 A (1)
The potential difference across 12Ω , resistor is
V1 = I × 12Ω 2

V1 = 0.27 × 12
= 3.23 V (1)
33. i. scattering of light ( definition ) (1)
ii. dispersion (definition) (1)

iii. refraction (definition) (1)

Section D
34. i.
a. Ketone (R-CO-R) (1)
b. Aldehyde (R-CHO)(1)
ii. Distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid:
a. Ethanol does not react with metal carbonate while ethanoic acid reacts with metal carbonates to form salt, water and CO2.
(1)
e.g. 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → 2C H 3 C OON a + C O2 + H2 O (1)
iii. saturated hydrocarbon is obtained as hydrogen gas passed through unsaturated hydrocarbon. The reaction is an example of
addition reaction better known by the name of hydrogenation reaction.
Ni

C H2 = C H2 + H2 −−−−−→ C H3 − C H3 (1)
Ethene Catalyst Ethane

(U nsaturated (Saturated

hydrocarbon) hydrocarbon)

OR
i. A : CH3COOH (Acetic acid) . It is obtained by oxidation of ethanol. (1)
O

||

ii. B : C H − C − O C H (Ethyl ethanoate) . the reaction is esterification reaction. (1)

3 2 5

iii. C : C H C OON a (Sodium ethanoate). The reaction is saponification reaction. (1)

3

iv. D : CO2 (Carbon dioxide) . (1)

v. E : Na (Sodium) (1)
35. (i) Part that has endocrine function- d (1/2 mark)
It is pituitary gland. It secretes hormones like growth hormone. (1/2 + 1/2 mark)
(ii) Part is b and it is cerebellum . (1/2 + 1/2 mark)
(iii) Part a is medulla. (1/2 mark)
It controls involuntary functions like vomitting, blood pressure etc. (1 mark)
(iv) Brain is protected by cranium or skull. Also the cerebrospinal fluid acts as shock absorber. (1 mark)
OR
i. Estrogen and progesterone (1/2 + 1/2 mark)
ii. Pituitary gland. (1/2 mark) Growth hormone (1/2 mark) Dwarfism due to less secretion of growth hormone during
childhood. (1/2 mark)
iii. Mr. X is suffering from diabetes. (1/2 mark) Gland is pancreas and hormone is insulin. (1/2 + 1/2 mark)
iv. Secretion of hormones is regulated by feed back mechanism. (1 mark)

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36. a. (1)

Image will be of same size as the object, real and inverted. (1/2 + 1/2)
b. i. Applying mirror formula.
1

f
=
1

v
+
1

u
(1/2)
1 1 1
∴ = −
v f u

1 1 −1 1 −3+2 −1
= − = + = =
(−12) (−18) 12 18 36 36

v = -36 cm (1)
−36 cm
ii. h = − × h = −
′ v

u −18 cm
× 1.5 cm

= -3 cm (1`) (Magnified, inverted image) (1/2)

OR

a. (1)

b. Given that f = -15 cm ; u = -25 cm; ho = 4 cm; v = ?

The mirror formula is
1

f
=
1

u
+
1

v
(1/2)
1 1 1
= +
−15 −25 v

1 1 1
= −
v 25 15

1 3−5 −2
= =
v 75 75

⇒ v = -37.5 cm (1)
The screen should be placed 37.5 cm from the people of mirror and the image is real.
magnification
hi −v
m = =
ho u

hi −(−37.5)
=
4 −25

⇒ hi = −
37.5

25
× 4 = -6 cm (1)
So the image is enlarged and inverted. (1/2)
c. Uses of concave mirror:
It is used as a shaving mirror. (1/2)
It is used as reflector in torch, head light of automobiles etc. (1/2)
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A scale for measuring hydronium ion in a solution is called the pH scale. The pH of a neutral solution is 7. A value of less than 7
on the pH scale represents an acidic solution. As the pH value, increases from 7 to 14 it represents OH- ion concentration in

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 solution i.e a basic solution.

(i) The pH range of the Human Body is 7 to 7.8. (1)

(ii) (ii) The strength of acids and bases depends on the number of H+ ions produced . (1)
(iii) Soil Y is acidic. Hence, it should be treated with powdered chalk to reduce its acidity. (1+1)
OR
(iii) It is a mixture of different indicators that exhibits different colours in acids and bases. (1)
(a) HCl - Red (1/2)
(b) Lime juice - Yellow (1/2)
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The mode by which various organisms reproduce, depend on the body design of organisms. In asexual reproduction, a single
individual parent produces offsrings without the involvement of gametes. This method is a common means of increasing the
offsprings rapidly . Asexual reproduction occurs mostly in unicellular organisms and in some plants. There are many plants which
reproduce asexually from parts like root, stem and leaves.

(i) In bryophyllum asexual reproduction by vegetative propagation occurs through buds on the notches of leaf margin.
When these leaves fall and touch the soil, they grow into new plants. (1/2 mark) But banana leaves do not have such
buds. They reproduce through rhizome only. (1/2 mark)
(ii) On bursting the sporangium releases spores. (1/2 mark) When these spores fall on a suitable medium they develop
into new Rhizopus organism. (1/2 mark)
(iii)(iii) Budding in hydra involves regenerative cells. A bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at a
specific site. These buds develop into new individuals. (1 mark)
In yeast which is a unicellular organism, small buds are put out from a single cell that seperate and grow furthur. (1
mark)
OR
In fragmentation as in Spirogyra, the filament breaks into smaller pieces upon maturation. These fragments then grow
into new filaments. (1 mark)
In regeneration as in Planaria, there are specialised cells which proliferate to make more cells. From these mass of cells
various different cells and tissues get formed in an organised manner. (1 mark)
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A student was asked to perform an experiment to study the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. He took a
small aluminum rod AB, a strong horse shoe magnet, some connecting wires, a battery and a switch and connected them as
shown. He observed that on passing current, the rod gets displaced. On reversing the direction of current, the direction of
displacement also gets reversed. On the basis of your understanding of this phenomenon, answer the following questions:

(i) When current is passed through the rod is produces magnetic field due to which feels a force and due to it rod displaces
from its position. (1)
(ii) Fleming's left hand rule gives the direction of force experienced by current carrying conductor placed in an external
magnetic field.
According to Fleming's left hand rule if we arrange our thumb, forefinger and middle finger of the left hand
perpendicular to each other, then the thumb points towards the direction of the magnetic force, the forefinger points
towards the direction of the magnetic field and the middle finger points towards the direction of the current. (1)

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(iii) a. According to Fleming's left-hand rule, the rod will get displaced upwards. (1)
b. Devices that use current-carrying conductors and magnetic fields are electric motors, electric generators,
loudspeakers, and microphones. (1/2 + 1/2)
OR

Pattern (1) Direction of field lines and current (1/2 + 1/2)

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