Aircraft Flight Controls

NEWSLETTER
Aircraft flight controls

GEORGE PHILIP • UPDATED: DEC 5, 2015
VARTICALSTABILIZER RUDDER
HORIZONTALSTABLLIZER
CANTRALPITCH
CANTRALYAW
(SHAE TO STAE)
YAW
ELEVATOR
CHANGEPITCH
WING (UPANDDOWN)
GENERATE
FLAPS
JETENGINE-- CHANGELIFTANDDRAG
GENERATETHRUST
ALLERON
CHANGEROLL
SPOILER
CHANGELIFT,DRAGAND
CACKPIT ROLL
COMMANDANDCONTROL SLATS
CHANGELIFT
FUSELAGE(BODY)
HOLDTHINGSTOGETHER&CARYPAYLOAD
Airplane parts and their functions.
A flight control system is used in order to steer

an aircraft during flying. Cockpit controls,
hydraulically or electrically operated actuators,
computers and sensors all of these equipment
when put together makes the complete aircraft
control system. Aircraft control surfaces are
flaps that deflects the air during the flight of
an aircraft. A flying aircraft can make three
movements freely and they are Pitch, roll and
yaw.
3 axis of an air plane
Three axis of rotation
1. Lateral axis
Imaginary line drawn crosswise from one wing

tip to other wing tip is lateral axis. Nose up
and down movement of aircraft around lateral
axisis the pitch.
2. Longitudinal axis
Imaginary line drawn through the center line of

fuselage from nose to tail of the aircraft is the
longitudinal axis. Rotational movement of
aircraft around longitudinal axis is the roll.
3. Vertical axis
Imaginary line passes vertically through the

center of gravity of the aircraft is the vertical
axis. Side ways movement of aircraft around
vertical axis is the yawing.
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Primary control surfaces
Movement of aircraft is controlled around three

of it's axis by three control surfaces and those
control surfaces are known as primary flight
controls of an aircraft.
Elevator controls pitch
1. Elevator controls the pitch
Elevator is mounted on trailing edge of

horizontal stabilizer on each side of the tail
plane. They move together up or down when
pilot moves the control column (control stick)
forward or backward. To climb an aircraft pilot
pulls the stick backward making the elevator
to raise up. Raised elevator decreases the lift
and increases the drag to the air flow above
the tail plane causing aircraft tail to be pushed
down and nose to go up. When aircraft nose is
moved up for a climbing attitude the wing
airfoil meets the relative air flow with an
increased angle of attack and in turn
producing increased lift for aircraft to climb.
On the other hand to climb down pilot pushes
the stick forward there by elevators moves
down causing aircraft tail to go up and in turn
aircraft nose goes down. This sea-saw like
movement between nose and tail of aircraft
around its lateral axis is known as pitching.
The elevator therefore is used to pitch the
aircraft up or down causing it to climb up or
climb down.
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Aileron controls the roll of aircraft
2. Aileron controls the roll
Aileron is located at the out ward of each wing

trailing edges. They deflects opposite to each
other when right side aileron moves up left side
aileron moves down. When aileron deflects
downward the lift on that side of the wing
increases and when aileron deflects upward
the lift on the opposite side decreases. To roll
(bang) the aircraft to the right pilot moves the
control stick to the right. The right Aileron
deflects upward which decreases lift on the
right side making the right wing to fly low.
Opposite happens on the left side where the
aileron deflects downward to increase the lift
causing left wing to fly high in turn right bang
becomes possible to the aircraft. Similarly
when the stick is moved to the left, the left
wing fly down and right wing flies up. This
rotational movement of aircraft on its
longitudinal axis is known as the roll or the
bang of the aircraft. Ailerons are therefore
used to roll or rotate the aircraft left or right.
Rudder controls yaw
3. Rudder controls the yaw
Rudder is a single control flap mounted to the

trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer fin.
Rudder swings left or right in accordance with
the right or left pedals stepped by the pilot.
When pilot wants to move the nose of the
aircraft to the right, the right pedal is stepped
and rudder in turn swings to the right. Air
flowing on the vertical stabilizer now pushes
the aircraft tail to the left in turn aircraft nose
is moved to the right. Similarly when left pedal
is stepped aircraft nose moves to the left. This
movement achieved on the vertical axis of the
aircraft is known as yawing.
Secondary flight controls
In addition to the primary flight controls most

airplanes uses another set of controls known
as secondary controls. Flaps, slats, spoilers,
trim tabs and speed breakers all mounted on
aircraft wings are said to be the secondary
flight controlsof the aircraft.
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Flap and slat extended
1. Flaps
The devices used for producing high lift are the

flaps and slats.Flaps are air foiled profiles
installed on to the inboard of each wing
trailing edge. They are hydraulically operated
to extend or retract. The camber of wing airfoil
increases when flaps are lowered around 12
deg causing to produce high lift during take
off. Flaps also produces high drag and high lift
when they are lowered 30 deg down. This in
turn helps the aircraft to land smoothly as well
as to reduce landing distance.There are
different types of flaps like Slotted flap, Fowler
flap, Plain flap, Split flap etc. Fowler type flaps
are commonly used on large airliners.
2. Slats
Slats are installed at the leading edge of the

wing. Lowering of flap towards the rear and
extending slats towards the front increases
wing total area and also changes the overall
shape of the wing to more curved and
cambered. This situation generates high lift
during aircraft take off. The slats may be fixed
or retractable, but flaps are embedded in the
wing trailing edge allowing for a minimal
amount of drag while the aircraft is in normal
cruise flight.
Spoiler upward and flaps downward extended
3. Spoilers
You will also watch during flight small metal

panels comes up occasionally from the wing
surface and fall back to its hidden lying down
positions. These are spoilers, they indeed slow
down the speed of the aircraft and correct the
lift during flight by creating additional drag on
to the wing. During landing they are fully
extended up to keep the wing pushed
downward against the high lift generated by
fully extended flaps.
Trim tabs mounted on a Cessna elevators
4. Trim tabs
Is a small adjustable hinged surface on trailing

edge of ailerons, elevator and rudder. Some
times they are found on rudder or elevators
only. Trim tab is moved in direction opposite of
the primary control on which they are mounted.
Minor attitude corrections of aircraft during
flight can be achieved by using this trimming
devices instead of altering the settings of the
primary controls. Trim tabs are very useful to
the pilot engaged in long flights and they are
considered labour saving controls.
Speed breaker operated
5. Speed breakers
Speed breakers or air brakes are simple control

surfaces used to increase drag during aircraft
landing. They are mostly mounted above wing
surface or at the sides of the fuselage.
Hydraulic actuators shoots them out from its
hiding places in to air stream to act like an air
brake.
Comments
George philip (author) from India on April 06,

2015:
Keep going Mr Khan pl read my other blogs

also you will them useful as well
khan on November 18, 2014:
its very use full fr m
im an ame studend
George philip (author) from India on August

26, 2014:
Hi Johnd537 thank you for your comment, I will

soon be writing all about the power plants
that power the plain for flying. Keep reading
my other blogs regarding the subjects. Thank
you again
Johnd537 on August 23, 2014:
Very informative blog post.Really thank you!

Keep writing. cbckdgbebddg
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NEWSLETTER

Airplane parts and their functions.

A flight control system is used in order to steer

3 axis of an air plane

Three axis of rotation

Imaginary line drawn crosswise from one wing

Imaginary line drawn through the center line of

Imaginary line passes vertically through the

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Vans Sk8-… Adidas Or…

Primary control surfaces

Movement of aircraft is controlled around three

Elevator controls pitch

1. Elevator controls the pitch

Elevator is mounted on trailing edge of

Adidas Oz… Tommy Hi…

Reebok Zi… New Bala…

Aileron controls the roll of aircraft

2. Aileron controls the roll

Aileron is located at the out ward of each wing

Rudder controls yaw

3. Rudder controls the yaw

Rudder is a single control flap mounted to the

Secondary flight controls

In addition to the primary flight controls most

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In to Golgotha from Sheep gate

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Flap and slat extended

The devices used for producing high lift are the

Slats are installed at the leading edge of the

Spoiler upward and flaps downward extended

You will also watch during flight small metal

Trim tabs mounted on a Cessna elevators

Is a small adjustable hinged surface on trailing

Speed breaker operated

Speed breakers or air brakes are simple control

George philip (author) from India on April 06,

Keep going Mr Khan pl read my other blogs

khan on November 18, 2014:

its very use full fr m

George philip (author) from India on August

Hi Johnd537 thank you for your comment, I will

Johnd537 on August 23, 2014:

Very informative blog post.Really thank you!

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