MODULE 13.

AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS

MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL
Regulation (EU) 2018/1142 SYSTEMS
B2
MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL B2L
SYSTEMS
B2 13.3 Autoflight (ATA 22)

B2L 3
(a)
13.1 Theory of Flight Fundamentals of automatic flight control including working principles and
current terminology;
(a) Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls 1
Command signal processing;
Operation and effect of:
Modes of operation: roll, pitch and yaw channels;
— roll control: ailerons and spoilers;
Yaw dampers;
— pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and
Stability Augmentation System in helicopters;
canards; and
Automatic trim control;
— yaw control: rudder limiters;
Autopilot navigation aids interface;
Control using elevons, ruddervators;
High lift devices: slots, slats, flaps; (b) 3

Drag inducing devices: spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes; and Autothrottle systems;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, servo tabs and control surface bias. Automatic landing systems: principles and categories, modes of operation,
approach, glideslope, land, go-around, system monitors and failure conditions.
(b) High Speed Flight 1
Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight; 13.4 Communication/Navigation (ATA 23/34)

Mach number, critical Mach number. 3

(a)

(c) Rotary Wing Aerodynamics 1 Fundamentals of radio wave propagation, antennas, transmission lines,

Terminology; communication, receiver and transmitter;

Operation and effect of cyclic, collective and anti-torque controls. Working principles of following systems:
— Very High Frequency (VHF) communication;
13.2 Structures — General Concepts
— High Frequency (HF) communication;

Fundamentals of Structural Systems 1 — Audio;

— Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs);
Zonal and Station Identification Systems 2
— Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR);

Electrical bonding 2 — Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR);

— Automatic Direction Finding (ADF);
Lightning strike protection provision. 2
 MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
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— Instrument Landing System (ILS); Voltage regulation;

— Flight Director Systems (FDSs), Distance Measuring Equipment (DME); Power distribution;
— Area navigation, RNAV systems; Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;
— Flight Management Systems (FMSs); Circuit protection;
— Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems External/Ground power.
(GNSSs);
13.6 Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25) 3
— Data Link.
Electronic emergency equipment requirements;
Cabin entertainment equipment.

(b) 3
13.7 Flight Controls (ATA 27)
— Air Traffic Control transponder, secondary surveillance radar;
— Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS);
(a) 2
Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;
— Weather avoidance radar;
Trim control;
— Radio altimeter;
Active load control;
— Automatic Dependent Surveillance — Broadcast (ADS-B).
High lift devices;
(c) 3 Lift dump, speed brakes;
— Microwave Landing System (MLS); System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic;
— Very Low Frequency and hyperbolic navigation (VLF/Omega); Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks;
— Doppler navigation; Stall protection systems.
— Inertial Navigation System (INS);
(b) 3
— ARINC (Aircraft Radio Incorporated) communication and reporting.
System operation: electrical, fly-by-wire.
13.5 Electrical Power (ATA 24) 3
13.8 Instruments (ATA 31) 3
Batteries installation and operation;
Direct Current (DC) power generation;
Alternating Current (AC) power generation;
Emergency power generation;
MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL
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Classification; 13.9 Lights (ATA 33) 3

Atmosphere;
External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;
Terminology;
Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;
Pressure-measuring devices and systems;
Emergency.
Pitot-static systems;
Altimeters; 13.10 On Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45) 3
Vertical-speed indicators;
Central maintenance computers;
Airspeed indicators;
Data-loading system;
Machmeters;
Electronic-library system;
Altitude-reporting/alerting systems;
Printing system;
Air data computers;
Structure-monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).
Instrument pneumatic systems;
Direct-reading pressure and temperature gauges; 13.11 Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21)
Temperature-indicating systems;
13.11.1. Air supply 2
Fuel-quantity-indicating systems;
Gyroscopic principles; Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart;
Artificial horizons;
13.11.2. Air Conditioning
Slip indicators;
Directional gyros; Air-conditioning systems; 2
Ground Proximity Warning Systems (GPWSs);
Air cycle and vapour cycle machines; 3
Compass systems;
Flight Data Recording Systems (FDRSs); Distribution systems; 1

Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFISs);

Flow, temperature and humidity control system. 3
Instrument warning systems including master warning systems and
centralised warning panels; 13.11.3. Pressurisation 3

Stall warning systems and angle of attack-indicating systems;

Pressurisation systems;
Vibration measurement and indication;
Control and indication including control and safety valves;
Glass cockpit.
Cabin pressure controllers.
 MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL
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13.11.4. Safety and warning devices 3 Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators; 1

Protection and warning devices. Pressure generation: electrical, mechanical, pneumatic; 3

13.12 Fire Protection (ATA 26) Emergency pressure generation; 3

(a) 3 Filters; 1

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Pressure control; 3
Fire-extinguishing systems;
Power distribution; 1
System tests;

Indication and warning systems; 3

(b) 1
Portable fire extinguisher. Interface with other systems. 3

13.13 Fuel Systems (ATA 28) 13.15 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)

System layout; 1 Ice formation, classification and detection; 2

Fuel tanks; 1 Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot-air and chemical; 2

Supply systems; 1 De-icing systems: electrical, hot-air, pneumatic, chemical; 3

Dumping, venting and draining; 1 Rain-repellent; 1

Cross feed and transfer; 2 Probe and drain-heating; 3

Indications and warnings; 3 Wiper systems. 1

Refuelling and defuelling; 2

13.16 Landing Gear (ATA 32)

Longitudinal-balance fuel systems. 3 Construction, shock absorbing; 1

13.14 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29) Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency; 3

System layout; 1 Indications and warnings; 3

Hydraulic fluids; 1
 MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL
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Wheels, brakes, antiskid and automatic braking systems; 3 Core system;

Network components.
Tyres; 1
Note: Functions that may be typically integrated into the IMA modules are
Steering; 3 among others:
— bleed management;
Air-ground sensing. 3
— air pressure control;
13.17 Oxygen (ATA 35) — air ventilation and control;
— avionics and cockpit ventilation control, temperature control;
System layout: cockpit, cabin; 3
— air traffic communication;
Sources, storage, charging and distribution; 3 — avionics communication router;
— electrical load management;
Supply regulation; 3
— circuit breaker monitoring;
Indications and warnings. 3
— electrical system Built-In Test Equipment (BITE);
— fuel management;
13.18 Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)
— braking control;
System layout; 2
— steering control;

Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply; 2 — landing gear extension and retraction;
— tyre pressure indication;
Pressure control; 3
— oleo pressure indication;

Distribution; 1 — brake temperature monitoring.

Indications and warnings; 3 13.21 Cabin Systems (ATA 44) 3

Interfaces with other systems. 3 The units and components which furnish a means of entertaining the
passengers and providing communication within the aircraft (Cabin
13.19 Water/Waste (ATA 38) 2
Intercommunication Data System (CIDS)) and between the aircraft cabin
Water system layout, supply, distribution, servicing and draining; and ground stations (Cabin Network Service (CNS)). They include voice, data,
Toilet system layout, flushing and servicing. music and video transmissions.

13.20 Integrated Modular Avionics (ATA 42) 3

 MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND LEVEL
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
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CIDS provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems. Typical examples include:
These systems support data exchange between the different related Line — Air Traffic and Information Management systems and Network Server
Replaceable Units (LRUs) and they are typically operated via Flight Attendant systems.
Panels (FAPs). — Aircraft general information system;
— Flight deck information system;
CNS typically consists of a server, interfacing with, among others, the — Maintenance information system;
following systems: — Passenger cabin information system;
— Data/Radio Communication; — Miscellaneous information systems.
— Cabin Core System (CCS);
— In-flight Entertainment System (IFES);
— External Communication System (ECS);
— Cabin Mass Memory System (CMMS);
— Cabin Monitoring System (CMS);
— Miscellaneous Cabin Systems (MCSs).
CNS may host functions such as:
— access to pre-departure/departure reports;
— e-mail/intranet/internet access;
— passenger database.

13.22 Information Systems (ATA 46) 3

The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and
retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or
microfiche. They include units that are dedicated to the information storage
and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and
controller, but they do not include units or components installed for other uses
and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general-use
display.