RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS

MCQ
𝟏. If the set A contains 5 elements and B contains 6 elements then the number of bijection mapping
from A to B is
a. 720 b. 120 c. 0 d. none of these
1
𝟐. Let f: → be defined by f ( x ) = for all x  . Then f is
x
a. one-one b. onto c. bijective d. f is not defined

𝟑. Consider the non − empty set consisting of children in a family and a relation R defined as aRb
if a is brother of b. Then R is
a. symmetric but not transitive b. transitive but not symmetric
c. neither symmetric nor transitive d. Both symmetric and transitive

𝟒. Possible reflexive relation in a set A whose n(A) = 3 are

a. 23 b. 25 c. 26 d. 36

𝟓. The maximum number of equivalence relation on the set A = {1,2,3} is

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5

𝟔. Let f: → be defined as f(x) = x4. choose the correct answer.

a. 𝑓 is one-one and onto b. 𝑓 is many one onto
c. 𝑓 is one-one but not onto d. 𝑓 is neither one-one nor onto

𝟕. If a relation 𝑅 on the set {1,2,3} be defined by 𝑅 = {(1,2)}, then 𝑅 is

a. 𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒 b. 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 c. 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 d. 𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒

𝟖. Let 𝑓: → be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 choose the correct answer

a. 𝑓 is one-one and onto b. 𝑓 is many one onto
c. 𝑓 is one-one but not onto d. 𝑓 is neither one-one nor onto

9.If R = ( x , y ) x + 2 y = 8 is a relation on , then the range of R is

a. {3,2,1} b. {3,2} c. {2,8,1} d. {3}

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10. Let 𝑓:  2 ,  ) → be the function defined by f ( x ) = x 2 − 4 x + 5 , the range of is

a. b. 1,  ) c.  4 ,  ) d.  5 ,  )

11. The smallest integer function f ( x ) =  x  is

(a) One – one (b) Many – one (c) Both (a) & (b) (d) None of these
12. The number of bijective functions from 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴 to itself when 𝐴 contains 106 elements is
(a) 106 (b) (106)2 (c) 106! (d) 2106

13. Let R be a relation on the set N of natural numbers defined by nRm if n divides m. Then R is
(a) Reflexive and symmetric (b) Transitive and symmetric
(c) Equivalence (d) Reflexive, transitive but not symmetric

14. Set A has 3 elements and the set B has 4 elements. Then the number of injective mappings that
can be defined from A to B is
(a) 144 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) 64

15. Let A= {1,2,3}, then the number of equivalence relation containing (1,2) is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

16. Let A= {1,2,3}, then the number of relations containing (1,2) and (1,3) which are reflexive and
symmetric but not transitive is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

17. The number of surjective functions which can be defined from a set of 5 elements to itself is
(a) 120 (b) 25 – 5 (c) 55 – 5 (d) 5

18. The number of relations defined over a set of 3 elements is

3 3 9
(a) 9 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 2

19. The number of surjective functions from a set of 3 elements to a set of 2 elements is
(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 0

20. The number of injective functions from a set of 3 elements to a set of 2 elements is
(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 0
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21. For any two real numbers a and b, we define aRb iff sin2 a + cos2 b = 1 . The relation R on the set of all
real numbers is
(a) reflexive but not symmetric (b) symmetric but not transitive
(c) transitive but not reflexive (d) an equivalence relation

22. Let, S be the set of all real numbers. Then the relation R = ( a, b ) : 1 + ab  0 on S is

(a) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive (b) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
(c) symmetric, transitive but not reflexive (d) reflexive, transitive and symmetric

23. Let, R be a relation on the set of integers given by aRb  a = 2k b for some integer k. Then R is
(a) reflexive but not symmetric (b) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
(c) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric (d) an equivalence relation

24. For real numbers x and y, define xRy iff x − y + 2 is an irrational number. Then the relation R is
(a) reflexive (b) symmetric (c) transitive (d) none of these

25. If R is the largest equivalence relation on a set A and S is any relation on A, then
(a) R  S (b) S  R (c) R = S (d) none of these

x− x
26. The equivalent definition of f : − 0 → given by f ( x ) = is
x
(a) f ( x ) = 0 x  − 0 (b) f ( x ) = −2  x  − 0
 0, x  0  0, x  0
(c) f ( x ) =  (d) f ( x ) = 
 −2, x  0  2, x  0

27. Let, A = 0,1 and be the set of natural numbers. Then the mapping f : → A defined by
f ( 2n − 1) = 0, f ( 2n) = 1 for all n  , is
(a) one-one (b) onto (c) a bijection (d) one-one but not onto

28. The function f : → given by f ( x ) = x + x 2 is

(a) injective (b) surjective (c) bijective (d) none of these

29. Which of the following function from to is one-one function?

(a) f ( x ) = e x
(b) g ( x ) = e x2
(c) h ( x ) = sin x (d)  ( x ) = cos x

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30. Which of the following function A =  x  : −1  x  1 to itself are bijections?
x x
(a) f ( x ) = x (b) f ( x ) = sin (c) f ( x ) = sin (d) none of these
2 4

Answers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
c d b c d d b a a b b c d c b
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
a a d c d d a d a b c b d a b

Assertion Reason Based Questions

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A)is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

1. (A): If 𝑛 (A) = 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 (𝐵) = 𝑞, then the number of relations from 𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝐵 𝑖𝑠 2 pq

(R): A relation from set 𝐴 𝑡𝑜 set 𝐵 is a subset of 𝐴 × 𝐵.

2. (A): If 𝑛 (A) = 𝑚, then the number of reflexive relations on A is 𝑚.

(R): A relation R on the set A is reflexive if ( a,a )  R for all a  A .

3. (A): The relation R = ( p, p ) on set A =  p, q, r is an equivalence relation.

(R): The relation R = ( p, p ) on set A =  p, q, r is symmetric and transitive but not reflexive.

4. (A): A relation 𝑅 = {(1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (2,3), (3,3)} defined on a 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = {1,2,3} is reflexive.
(R): A relation 𝑅 on the 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴 is reflexive if (𝑎, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅 for all 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴.

5. (A): A relation 𝑅 = {(1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (2,3), (3,3)} defined on the 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = {1,2,3} is symmetric.
(R): A relation 𝑅 on the 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴 is symmetric if (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅

6. (A): A relation 𝑅 = {(1,1), (1,3), (1.5), (3,1), (3,3), (3,5)} defined on the 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = {1,3,5} is transitive.
(R): A relation 𝑅 on the 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴 is symmetric if ( a ,b )  R and ( b,c )  R ⇒ ( a ,c )  R

7. Consider the following relation R on the set of real square matrices of order 3.
R = ( A, B ) : A = P −1 BP for some invertible matrix P
(A): R is an equivalence relation.
(R): For any two invertible 3  3 matrices M and N, ( MN )
−1
= N −1 M −1 .
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8. (A): The function f : → , f ( x ) = x is not one – one.
(R): The function f ( x ) = x is not onto.

9. Consider, A = {1,2,3}, B = {4,5,6,7},

(A): 𝑓 = {(1,4), (2,5), (3,6)} is a function from A to B. Then f is one – one.
(R): A function 𝑓 is one – one if distinct elements of 𝐴 have distinct images in 𝐵.
x
10. (A): Consider the function f : → defined by f ( x ) = . Then 𝑓 is one – one.
x +1
2

1 4
(R): f ( 4 ) =
4
and 𝑓   = .
17  4 17

11. (A): Consider the function f : → defined by f ( x ) = x 3 . Then 𝑓 is one-one.

(R): Every polynomial function is one – one.

12. Consider the function f : → whose graph is given below.

(A): The function is one-one.

(R): For a function f : A → B , and x1 , x2  A , f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )  x1 = x2 , then the function is
one-one.
2
x
13. (A): The range of the function 2
is [0, 1).
1+ x

(R): If 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 𝑔(𝑥) throughout the domain, then the range of f(x)
, g( x ) ≠ 0 𝑖𝑠 [0, 1).
g( x )
14. (A): If A = {0, 1, 2}and the function 𝑓: A → B defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 − 2 is surjection, then
B = { −2, −1, 2}.
(R): If 𝑓: A → B is surjective if 𝑓(x) = y.

15. (A): A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵, cannot be an onto function if 𝑛 (𝐴) < 𝑛 (𝐵).

(R): A function 𝑓 is onto if every element of co-domain has at least one preimage in the domain.

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Answer Key

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

a d d a d c a b a d c d c a a

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 Case Study Based Questions

1. Manikanta and Sharmila are studying in the same Kendriya Vidyalaya in Visakhapatnam. The distance
from Manikanta’s house to the school is same as distance from Sharmila’s house to the school.
If the houses are taken as a set of points and KV is taken as origin, then answer the below
questions based on the given information;(M for Manikanta’s house and S for Sharmila’s house)

i. The relation is given by {(Distance of point M from origin is same as distance of point S from origin}is
a) Reflexive, Symmetric and Transitive b) Reflexive, Symmetric and not Transitive
c) Neither Reflexive, nor Symmetric d) Not an equivalence relation

ii. Suppose Dheeraj’s house (D) is also at the same distance from KV then
a) OM ≠ OS b) OM ≠ OD c) OS ≠ OD d) OM = OS = OD

iii. If the distance from Manikanta, Sharmila and Dheeraj houses from KV are same, then the points
form a
a) Rectangle b) Square c) Circle d) Triangle

iv. Among the set of points ( 0, 3 ) , ( 0,0 ) , ( 3,0 ) , which does not lie on the circle?
a) ( 0, 3) b) ( 0,0) c) ( 3,0) d) None of the above

2. A general election of Lok Sabha is a gigantic exercise. About 911 million people were eligible to vote
and voter turnout was about 67 %, the highest ever.

Let, I be the set of all citizens of India who were eligible to exercise their voting right in general
election held in 2019. A relation R is defined on I as follows:
R = (V1 ,V2 ) : V1 ,V2  I and both use their voting rights in general election 2019
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
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 i. Two neighbours X  I exercised his voting right value while Y  I did not cast her vote in general
election – 2019. Which of the following is true?
a. ( X ,Y )  R b. (Y , X )  R c. ( X , X )  R d. ( X ,Y )  R

ii. Mr. X and his wife W both exercised their voting right in general election-2019. Which of the
following is
true?
a. ( X ,W )  R, (W , X )  R b. ( X ,W )  R, (W , X )  R
c. ( X ,W )  R, (W , X )  R d. ( X ,W )  R, (W , X )  R
iii. The above relation R is
a. symmetric and transitive but not reflexive b. Universal relation
c. Equivalence relation d. Reflexive but not symmetric and transitive

iv. Mr. Shyam exercised his voting rights in General Election 2019, then Mr. Shyam is related to which
of the
following?
a. All eligible voters who cast their votes b. Family members of Mr. Shyam
c. All citizens of India d. Eligible voters of India

3. Sherlin and Dany are playing Ludo at home during Covid − 19. While rolling the dice,
Sherlin’s sister Raji observed and noted the possible outcomes of the throw every time belongs to set
{1,2,3,4,5,6}. Let A be the set of players while B be the set of all possible outcomes.
A = {S, D}, B = {1,2,3,4,5,6}

i. Let a relation on set B be defined by R = ( x, y ) : y is divisible by x . Then R is

a. Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
b. Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
c. Not reflexive but symmetric and transitive
d. Equivalence
ii. Raji wants to know the number of relations on set B. The number is
a. 212 b. 236 c. 36 d. 12
iii. Let, R be the relation on B defined by R = (1, 2) , ( 2, 2) , (1, 3) , ( 3,4) , ( 3,1) , ( 4, 3) , ( 5,5) . R is
a. symmetric b. reflexive c. transitive d. none

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 iv. Let, R be the relation on B defined by R = (1,1) , (1, 2) , ( 2, 2) , ( 3, 3) , ( 4,4) , ( 5,5) , ( 6,6) . R is
a. symmetric b. reflexive, transitive c. transitive, symmetric d. equivalence

4. The maths teacher of class XII dictates a maths problem as follows.

“Draw the graph of the function, f of x is equal to modulus of x plus three minus one in the
closed interval -3 to +3”
Three students Rakesh, Sravya and Navya have interpreted the same dictation in three different ways
and they have noted the function as f ( x ) = x + 3 − 1 , f ( x ) = x + 3 − 1 and f ( x ) = x + 3 − 1
respectively. All three have drawn the graphs correctly for their respective functions.

i. Sravya’s graph in V shape with vertex

a. (- 3, 1) b. (3, - 1) c. (0, 2) d. (2, 0)

ii. Observe the adjacent figure. The is the graph of

a. Rakesh b. Sravya c. Navya d. none of them

iii. The distance between the vertices of the Rakesh’s and Navya’s graph is
a. 1 b. 0 c. 2 d. 3

 − x − 4, x  −3
iv. The function f ( x ) =  is another form of the graph of
 x + 2, x  −3
a. Rakesh b. Sravya c. Navya d. none of them

5. Port Blair, the capital city of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is directly connected to Chennai and
Vishakhapatnam via ship route. The ships sail from Chennai/ Vishakhapatnam to Port Blair and vice
versa. Swaraj Dweep and Shaheed Dweep are two popular tourist islands in Andaman Islands. One
has to take a ferry from Port Blair to reach these islands. There are ferries that sail frequently
between three islands- Port Blair (PB), Swaraj Dweep (SwD)and Shaheed Dweep (ShD).

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 Shown above, is a schematic representation of the ship routes and the ferry routes. X is the set of
all 5 places and Y is the set of 3 places in Andaman Islands. That is,
X = C ,V , PB, SwD, ShD , Y =  PB, SwD, ShD .
A relation R defined on the set X is given by
R = ( x1 , x2 ) : there is a direct ship or direct ferry from x1 to x2 
A function f : Y → X is defined by, f ( PB ) = V , f ( SwD ) = PB, f ( ShD ) = SwD .
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) List of the elements of R.

(ii) Is the relation R symmetric? Give a valid reason.
(iii) Is the relation R transitive? Give a valid reason.
(iv) Check whether the function f is one-one and onto. Give valid reasons.

ANSWERS
1. i. a ii: d iii: c iv. b
2. i. d ii. a iii. c iv. a
3. i. a ii. b iii. d iv. b
4. i. c ii. d iii. c iv. c
5. i. R = ( C , C ) , (V ,V ) , ( PB, PB ) , ( SwD, SwD ) , ( ShD, ShD ) , ( C , PB ) , ( PB, C ) , (V , PB ) , ( PB,V )

( PB, SwD) , ( SwD, PB) , ( PB, ShD) , ( ShD, PB) , ( ShD, SwD) , ( SwD, ShD) }
ii. Symmetric
iii. not transitive
iv. one-one, not onto

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 CBSE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

1. Let N be the set of natural numbers and R be the relation on  defined by ( a,b) R ( c,d )

if ad = bc for all a,b,c,d  . Show that R is an equivalence relation.

2. Check whether the relation R in the set of natural numbers given by R = {(a, b): a is
divisor of b} is reflexive, symmetric or transitive. Also determine whether R is an equivalence
relation.
3. Check if the relation R on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} defined as R = {(x, y): y is
divisible by x} is (i) symmetric (ii) transitive.
4. Prove that the relation R on Z, defined by R {(x, y): (x – y) is divisible by 5} is an
equivalence relation.
5. Show that the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} given by R = {(a, b): |a – b|is divisible by 2}
is an equivalence relation. Also find the equivalence class [3].
6. Show that the relation R on defined as R = {(a, b): a ≤ b}, is reflexive, and transitive but not
symmetric.
7. Prove that the function f : → , defined by f(x) = x2 + x + 1 is one − one but not
onto.
8. Let A = {x  Z ∶ 0  x  12}. Show that R = {(a, b): a, b  A, |a – b|is divisible by 4}
is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1. Also write the equivalence class [2].
x
9. Show that the function f : → defined by f ( x ) = ,  x is neither one - one
x +1
2

nor onto.

 4 4 4x + 3
10. Consider f : − −→ −  given by f ( x ) = . Show that f is bijective.
 3  3 3x + 4
11. Show that the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R = {(a, b): |a – b|is divisible
by 2} is an equivalence relation. Show that all the elements of {1, 3, 5} are related to each
other and all the elements of {2, 4} are related to each other, but no element of {1, 3, 5}is
related to any element of {2, 4}.
12. Let A = {1, 2, 3, … . . , 9}and R be the relation in A x A defined by (a, b)R (c, d)
if a + d = b + c for (a, b), (c, d) in A x A. Prove that R is an equivalence relation.
Also obtain the equivalence class [(2,5)].
13. Let A = {x  Z ∶ 0  x  12}. Show that R = {(a, b): a, b  A, |a – b| is a
multiple of 4} is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1.

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14. Let N be the set of natural numbers and R be the relation on  defined by ( a,b) R ( c,d )

if ad (b + c) = bc (a + d) for all a,b,c,d  .Show that R is an equivalence relation.

15. Show that the function f : → defined by f(x) = ax + b, where a, b  , 𝑎 ≠ 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

n + 1
 2 , n is odd
16. A function f : → , given by f ( n ) =  . Show that the function is not one-one
 n , n is even
 2
but onto.

x−2
17. Consider f : − 3 → -{1} given by f ( x ) = . Show that f is bijective.
x−3

18. Consider f : → given by f(x)=4x3+7.Show that f is bijective.

19. Prove that a function f ∶ [0, ∞) → [-5, ∞) defined as f(x) = 4x2 + 4x - 5 is both one - one and onto.

 1 1 x
20. Check whether a function f : →  − ,  defined as f ( x) = is one - one and onto or not.
 2 2 1 + x2

21. Consider f : → given by f (x) = 5 x − 3 .Show that f is bijective.

4
23. Consider f : + →  −5,  ) , given by f ( x ) = 9 x 2 + 6 x − 5 . Show that f is a bijective function.
 1, if x  0

24. Show that the signum function f : → , given by f ( x ) =  0, if x = 0 is neither one-one nor onto.
 −1, if x  0


Answers:
2. reflexive and transitive, not equivalence relation
3. not symmetric but transitive.
5. [3] = {1, 3, 5}
8. elements related to 1 = {1, 5, 9}, [2] = {2, 6, 10}
12. [(2, 5)] = (1, 4) ,( 2, 5) ,( 3, 6) ,( 4, 7 ) ,( 5,8) ,( 6,9 ) .
************************************************************************************

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