Module 7

Determinants

Key points

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Mathematics – Module 7

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 Determinants

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Mathematics – Module 7

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 Determinants

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Mathematics – Module 7

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 Determinants

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Mathematics – Module 7

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 Determinants

1. kA = k n A .

An = A .
n
2.

3. A = A .

4. Determinant of identity matrix is 1.

5. Determinant of nilpotent matrix is zero.
6. Determinant of orthogonal matrix is 1 or -1.
7. Determinant of Hermitian matrix is purely real.
8. Determinant of Idempotent matrix is either 1 or 0.
9. Determinant of unitary matrix is unit modulus.
10. Let A be any square matrix, then the sum of the products of the elements of any row (or
column) with their corresponding cofactors is the determinant of A.
11. Let A be any square matrix, then the sum of the products of the elements of any row (or
column) with the corresponding cofactors of the elements of any other row ( or column ) is
zero.

 A if i = j
i.e., ai1 Aj1 + ai 2 Aj 2 + ai 3 Aj 3 = 
 0 if i  j
12. If A be any given square matrix of order n, then A. ( adj A) = ( adj A) . A = A .I .

13. A square matrix A is said to be singular if A = 0 .

14. A square matrix A is said to be non-singular if A  0 .

15. If A and B are non-singular matrices of the same order, then AB and BA are also non-singular
matrices of the same order.
16. The determinant of the product of matrices is equal to product of their respective
determinants. i.e., AB = A . B .

1
17. A square matrix A is said to be Invertible matrix if A−1 = .adjA , provided A  0 .
A

 x 0 0  x −1 0 0
 
18. If A is diagonal matrix A =  0 y 0  , then A−1 =  0 y −1
0 .
 0 0 z  0 0 z −1 

19. A square matrix A is invertible if and only if A is non-singular matrix.
20. Let A, B and C are square matrices of same order and A be non-singular, then
AB = AC  B = C and BA = BC  B = C ( Cancelation laws ).

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Mathematics – Module 7

21. If A and B are invertible matrices of same order ( A.B ) = B −1. A−1 .
−1

22. If A, B and C are invertible matrices of same order, then ( A.B.C ) = C −1.B −1. A−1 .
−1

23. If A is an invertible matrix then A is also invertible and ( A ) = ( A−1 ) .

−1

24. The inverse of an invertible symmetric matrix is a symmetric matrix.

n −1
25. If A is a non-singular matrix of order nxn, then adj A = A .

26. If A and B are two non-singular matrices of the same order, then ( adj AB ) = ( adj B ) . ( adj A) .

27. If A is a non-singular matrix then adj A = ( adj A) .

28. The adjoint of a symmetric matrix is again symmetric.

29. If A is a non-singular matrix of order nxn, then

adj ( adj A ) = A
n−2
1. .A .

( n −1)2
2. adj ( adj A) = A .

−1 1
3. A−1 = A = .
A

4. ( adj kA) = k n−1. adj A .

30. If the product of two non-zero square matrices is a zero matrix, then both of them will be
singular matrix.
31. Determinant of a skew symmetric matrix of odd order is always equal to zero.
32. A system of equations is said to be consistent if its solution ( one or more ) exist.
33. A system of equations is said to be inconsistent if its solution does not exist.
34. The equation A −  I = 0 is called characteristic equation of the square matrix A, where  is
any scalar and I is identity matrix.

35. The solution of the characteristic equation A −  I = 0 ( i.e., the value of  ) is called
characteristic roots or Eigen values of the square matrix A.
• The sum of the eigen values of a square matrix A is equal to the trace (A).

• The product of the eigen values of A is equal to A .

• The eigen values of a diagonal matrix are the diagonal elements of the matrix.
• If A is singular, then zero is an eigen value of a square matrix A.
36. Cayley - Hamilton Theorem: Every square matrix A satisfies its characteristic equation.

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 Determinants

Class Work

1. Which of the following is correct

(a) Determinant is a square matrix
(b) Determinant is a number associated to a matrix
(c) Determinant is a number associated to a square matrix
(d) None of these

cos15o sin15o
2. Evaluate [KCET 2015]
sin 75o cos 75o
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3

3. If A is any square matrix of order 3  3 , then 3A is equal to [KCET 2016]

1
(a) 3 A (b) A (c) 27 A (d) 9 A
3

 2 
4. If A =   and A = 27 , then  = [KCET 2015]
3

 2  
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c)  7 (d)  5

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Mathematics – Module 7

5. If A =  aij  is a scalar matrix of order n  n such that aii = k for all i, then A =

(a) n k (b) n + k (c) n k (d) k n

3 x 3 2
6. If = , then x is equal to [KCET 2017]
x 1 4 1

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 2 2

7. The value of the determinant of a skew symmetric matrix of order three is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

x3 − x a+x b+ x
8. If f ( x ) = x − a x − x c + x , then
2
[KCET 2020]
x −b x−c 0

(a) f (1) = 0 (b) f ( 2 ) = 0 (c) f ( 0) = 0 (d) f ( −1) = 0

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 Determinants

9. A and B are square matrices of order 3  3 , A is an orthogonal matrix and B is a skew

symmetric matrix. Which of the following statements is not true?

(a) A =1 (b) B =0 (c) AB = 1 (d) AB = 0

3x + 1 2x −1 x+2
10. The constant term in the expansion of 5 x − 1 3x + 2 x + 1 is [KCET 2019]
7 x − 2 3x + 1 4 x − 1
(a) -10 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 2

1 2 3
11. If x − 2 x − 9 x + 18 = 0 and A = 4
3 2
x 6 , then the maximum value of A is [KCET 2021]
7 8 9
(a) 96 (b) 36 (c) 24 (d) 120

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Mathematics – Module 7

−1 cos C cos B
12. If A, B and C are angles of a triangle, then the determinant cos C −1 cos A =
cos B cos A −1
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) None of these

sin x cos x tan x

f(x)
13. If f ( x)= x3 x2 x , then lim is
x →0 x2
2x 1 1

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) −1

1 −2 5
14. There are two values of a which makes determinant,  = 2 a −1 = 86 , then sum of these
0 4 2a
numbers is
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) -4 (d) 9

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 Determinants

(5 + 5− x ) (5 + 5− x )
x 2 x 2
1

(6 ) (6 − 6− x )
2 2
15. If x  R , then the value of determinant x
+ 6− x x
1 is [KCET 2018]

(7 ) (7 − 7− x )
2 2
x
+ 7− x x
1

(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 1 (d) 0

16. The area of triangle with vertices ( k , 0 ) , ( 4, 0 ) and ( 0, 2 ) is 4 square units, then the value of

k is [KCET 2017]
(a) 0 or 8 (b) 0 or -8 (c) 0 (d) 8

17. If the co-ordinates of the vertices of an equilateral triangle with sides of length a are ( x1 , y1 ) ,
2
x1 y1 1
( x2 , y2 ) and ( x3 , y3 ) , then x2 y2 1 is
x3 y3 1

3 2 3 2 3 2
(a) a (b) a (c) a (d) none of these
4 2 4
18. If ( x1 , y1 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) and ( x3 , y3 ) are the vertices of a triangle whose area is k square units, then
2
x1 y1 4
x2 y2 4 is [KCET 2018]
x3 y3 4

(a) 32k 2 (b) 16k 2 (c) 64k 2 (d) 48k 2

2a x1 y1
abc x y  x y 
19. If 2b x2 y2 =  0 , then the area of the triangle whose vertices are  1 , 1  ,  2 , 2  ,
2 a a b b 
2c x3 y3

 x3 y3 
 ,  is [KCET 2015]
 c c 
1 1 1 1
(a) abc (b) abc (c) (d)
4 8 4 8
20. Consider the following statements: [KCET 2014]
(a) If any two rows or columns of a determinant are identical, then the value of the
determinant is zero.
(b) If the corresponding rows and columns of a determinant are interchanged, then the value
of the determinant does not change.
(c) If any two rows or columns of a determinant are interchanged, then the value of the
determinant changes in sign.
(a) (a) and (b) (b) (b) and (c) (c) (a) and (c) (d) (a), (b) and (c)

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Mathematics – Module 7

x+2 x + 3 x + 2a
21. If a, b, c are in A.P., then the determinant x + 3 x + 4 x + 2b is
x + 4 x + 5 x + 2c
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) x (d) 2x

x+2 x+3 x+a

22. If a, b, c are in AP, then the value of x + 4 x+5 x + b is [KCET 2014]
x+6 x+7 x+c

(a) x − ( a + b + c ) (b) 9x 2 + a + b + c (c) 0 (d) a + b + c

Ax x2 1 A B C
23. Let  = By y 2 1 and 1 = x y z , then [KCET 2017]
Cz z2 1 zy zx xy

(a) 1 = − (b)   1 (c)  = 1 (d) 1 = 2

a −b b+c a
24. The value of determinant b − c c + a b is [KCET 2018]
c−a a+b c

(a) a 3 + b3 + c3 (b) 3abc (c) a3 + b3 + c3 − 3abc (d) a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc

1+ x 1 1
−1
25. If x, y, z are all different from zero and 1 1+ y 1 = 0 , then the value of x −1 + y −1 + z is
1 1 1+ z
[KCET 2016]
−1
−1 −1
(a) xyz (b) x y z (c) – x – y – z (d) -1

x x+ y x + 2y
26. The value of the determinant x + 2 y x x + y is
x+ y x + 2y x

(a) 9x
2
( x + y) (b) 9y
2
( x + y) (c) 3y
2
( x + y) (d) 7x
2
( x + y)
log x log y log z
27. If x, y, z are not equal and  0,  1 , then the value of log 2 x log 2 y log 2 z is equal to
log 3x log 3 y log 3z
[KCET 2016]

(a) log ( xyz ) (b) log ( 6xyz ) (c) 0 (d) log ( x + y + z )

cos x 1 0
28. If f ( x ) = 0 2 cos x 3 , then lim f ( x ) = [KCET 2021]
x →
0 1 2 cos x

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 Determinants

(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 3

a1 a2 a3
29. If a1 , a2 , a3 , ......a9 are in A. P., then the value of a4 a5 a6 is [KCET 2020]
a7 a8 a9

9
(a) ( a1 + a9 ) (b) a1 + a9 (c) log e ( log e e ) (d) 1
2
1 1 1
30. If Δ = 1 1 + x 1 for x  0 , y  0 , then Δ is
1 1 1+ y
(a) Divisible by neither x nor y (b) Divisible by both x and y
(c) Divisible by x but not y (d) Divisible by y but not x

a11 a12 a13

31. If  = a21 a22 a23 and Aij is cofactor of aij , then value of  is given by
a31 a32 a33

(a) a11 A31 + a12 A32 + a13 A33 (b) a11 A11 + a12 A21 + a13 A31

(c) a21 A11 + a22 A12 + a23 A13 (d) a11 A11 + a21 A21 + a31 A31

32. The sum of the products of the elements of any row of a determinant A with the corresponding
cofactors of the same row is always equal to [KCET 2000]
1
(a) A (b) A (c) I (d) 0
2
33. The sum of the products of elements of any row with the co-factors of corresponding elements
of other row is equal to
(a) 0 (b) value of determinant
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of the above

34. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and A = 5 , then A adj A is [KCET 2020]

(a) 5 (b) 125 (c) 25 (d) 625

35. If A is a matrix of order 3, such that A ( adj A) = 10 I , then adj A = [KCET 2014]

(a) 10 (b) 10I (c) I (d) 100

 x 0 0

36. If x, y, z are nonzero real numbers, then the inverse of matrix A = 0 y 0 is

 
 0 0 z 

 x −1 0 0  x −1 0 0
 −1   −1 
(a)  0 y 0 (b) xyz  0 y 0
0 0 z −1  0 0 z −1 
 

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Mathematics – Module 7

 x −1 0 0 1 0 0 
1   1 
(c) 0 y −1
0 (d) 0 1 0 
xyz  xyz 
0 0 z −1  0 0 1 

 2  −3
37. If A =  0 2 5  , then A−1 exist if
 
1 1 3 

(a) =2 (b) 2 (c)   −2 (d) None of these

38. If A and B are invertible matrices, then which of the following is not correct?[KCET 2021]
−1
(b) det ( A) = det ( A) 
−1 −1
(a) adjA = A A

( AB ) ( A + B)
−1 −1
(c) = B −1 A−1 (d) = B −1 + A−1

 x 5 2
 
39. If A = 2 y 3 , xyz = 80 and 3x + 2 y + 10 z = 20 , then A . adjA =
 
 1 1 z 

80 0 0   20 0 0  79 0 0  81 0 0 

(a)  0 80 0  (b)  0 20 0  (c)  0 79 0  (d)  0 81 0 
       
 0 0 80   0 0 20   0 0 79   0 0 81

 1 5 
 2 −4
2 
0 1 3  
 
40. If A = 1 2 x and A =  −
−1 1
3
3
− , then
   2 2
 2 3 1   1
 1 
y
 2 2 
(a) x = 1, y = −1 (b) x = 1, y = 1 (c) x = −1, y = 1 (d) x = −1, y = −1

 2 5 0

41. The inverse of the matrix 0 1 1 is
 [KCET 2019]
 
 −1 0 3

 3 −15 5   3 −1 1   3 −15 5   3 −5 5 

(a) −1 6 −2  
(b) −15 6 −5
 
(c) −1 6 −2  
(d) −1 −6 −2

     
 1 −5 2   5 −2 2   1 −5 −2  1 −5 2 

42. If A and B are matrices of order 3 and A = 5 , B = 3 then 3AB is [KCET 2021]

(a) 425 (b) 405 (c) 565 (d) 585

1 3   2 −1
43. If A =   and B =   , then ABB = [KCET 2019]
 4 2 1 2 
(a) 100 (b) 50 (c) 250 (d) -250

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 Determinants

44. The value of a third order determinant is 16, then the value of the determinant formed by
replacing each of its elements by its cofactors is [KCET 2019]
(a) 256 (b) 96 (c) 16 (d) 48
45. The system of linear equations x + y + z = 6 , x + 2 y + 3z = 10 and x + 2 y + az = b has no
solutions when [KCET 2015]
(a) a = 2 b  3 (b) a = 3 b  10 (c) b = 2 a = 3 (d) b = 3 a  10

46. Consider the system of linear equations x1 + 2 x2 + x3 = 3; 2 x2 + 3 x2 + x3 = 3; 3 x1 + 5 x2 + 2 x3 = 1 . The

system has
(a) infinite number of solutions (b) exactly 3 solutions
(c) a unique solution (d) no solution

Assignment

47. Let A be a square matrix of order 3  3 , then kA is equal to

2 3
(a) k A (b) k A (c) k A (d) 3k A

48. Let A be a square matrix of order 3  3 , then 5A = [KCET 2018]

(a) 5 A (b) 125 A (c) 25 A (d) 15 A

49. Let A be a square matrix of order 3  3 , then kA is equal to [KCET 2017]

2 3
(a) k A (b) k A (c) k A (d) 3k A

 5 5  
  , if det A2 = 25, then  is
50. Let A = 0 
 5  ( )
 0 0 5 

1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 5 (d) 52
5
2 x 5 6 −2
51. If = , then value of x is
8 x 7 3
(a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 6

0 x−a x −b
52. If f ( x ) = x + a 0 x − c , then
x+b x+c 0

(a) f (a) = 0 (b) f ( b ) = 0 (c) f ( 0) = 0 (d) f (1) = 0

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Mathematics – Module 7

x 3 7
53. If 5 is a root of 2 x −2 = 0 , then other 2 roots of the equation are
7 8 x
(a) 2, 7 (b) 2, − 7 (c) −2, 7 (d) −2, − 7

x 3 7
54. If x = −9 is a root of 2 x 2 = 0 , then the other two roots are
7 6 x
(a) -2, -7 (b) -2, 7 (c) 2, -7 (d) 2, 7

(2 + 2− x ) (2 + 2− x )
x 2 x 2
1

(3 ) (3 − 3− x )
2 2
55. If x  R , then the value of determinant x
+ 3− x x
1 is equal to

(4 ) (4 − 4− x )
2 2
x
+ 4− x x
1

(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 1 (d) 0

56. If area of triangle is 35 sq units with vertices ( 2, −6 ) ,(5, 4) and ( k , 4 ) . Then k is

(a) 12 (b) -2 (c) -12, -2 (d) 12, -2

1 1 1
57. The maximum value of  = 1 1 + sin  1 is (  is real number)
1 + cos  1 1

1 3
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) none of these
2 2
a 2 + 2a 2a + 1 1
58. 2a + 1 a+2 1 =
3 3 1

(1 − a ) ( a − 1) ( a − 1) (d) 1 − a
3 3 2
(a) (b) (c)

cosec 2  cot 2  1
59. The value of determinant cot  2
cosec  2
−1 is
42 40 2

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) -1 (d) 1

60. If A is a matrix of order 3  3 , then number of minors in determinant of A are

(a) 92 (b) 29 (c) 3  3 (d) 2  9

61. Let A be a non-singular square matrix of order 3  3 . Then adjA is equal to

2 3
(a) A (b) A (c) A (d) 3 A

62. If A is an invertible matrix of order 2, then det A−1 is equal to ( )

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 Determinants

1
(a) det ( A) (b) (c) 1 (d) 0
det ( A)
−1
63. If A is a matrix of order 3  3 , then A2 =

1 2
(a) A −2 (b) (c) A−1 (d) none of these
A

1 −2 2 
 
64. If A = 0 2 −3 , then A . adj A =
 
 3 −2 4 

5 0 0  5 1 1  0 0 0  8 0 0 

(a) 0 5 0
 
(b) 1 5 1
 
(c) 0 0 0
 
(d) 0 8 0

       
0 0 5  1 1 5 0 0 0  0 0 8 

65. If A2 − A + I = 0 , then the inverse of A is

(a) A2 (b) A + I (c) I − A (d) A − I

2 3 −1
66. If A =   , then A =
 4 6 
 1 2  2 −3   −2 4 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d) does not exist
 −3 2 3  4 6   −3 6 
2 0 0

67. The inverse of the matrix A = 0 3 0 is
 [KCET 2014]
 
 0 0 4 

1 
2 0 0
2 0 0   2 0 0 1 0 0 

(a) 0 3 0
 (b)  0
1
0 (c)
1 
0 3 0  (d)
1 
0 1 0 
   3  24  24 
 0 0 4    0 0 4  0 0 1 
0 1
0
 4 
3 2 
68. The matrix   is:
1 5 
(a) Non-singular (b) Singular (c) Skew-symmetric (d) Symmetric

cos  sin  0

69. If the matrix sin  cos  0  is singular matrix, then  =

 0 0 1 

  
(a)  (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4

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Mathematics – Module 7

1 0 0
70. The inverse of the matrix  a 1 0  is
 
 b c 1 

1 0 0  1 0 0 1 −a ac − b   1 0 0

(a) −a 1 0  (b)  −a 1 0  
(c) 0 1  
−c  (d)  −a 1 −c 
    
 b −c 1   b c b  0 0 1   ac − b −c 1 

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