1

1 A 4-sided spinner is numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4.

The table shows the probability of the spinner landing on 1, 2 and 4.

Number 1 2 3 4

Probability 0.27 0.18 0.32

Complete the table.

[2]

[Total: 2]

2 The Venn diagram shows the number of students in a class of 40 who study physics (P), mathematics (M)
and geography (G).

(a) Use set notation to describe the shaded region.

................................................... [1]

(b) Find .

................................................... [1]
 2

(c) A student is chosen at random from those studying geography.

Find the probability that this student also studies physics or mathematics but not both.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

V E N N D I A G R A M

The diagram shows 11 cards.

(a) One of these cards is chosen at random.

Write down the probability that the letter on the card is not A.

................................................... [1]

(b) A card is chosen at random from these 11 cards and then replaced.
A second card is then chosen at random.

Find the probability that exactly one card has the letter N.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]

4
E M

............. .......... .............

.............
 3

50 students are asked if they like English (E) and if they like mathematics (M).
3 say they do not like English and do not like mathematics.
33 say they like English.
42 say they like mathematics.

(a) Complete the Venn diagram. [2]

(b) A student is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this student likes English and likes mathematics.

................................................... [1]

(c) Two students are chosen at random.

Find the probability that they both like mathematics.

................................................... [2]

(d) Two students who like English are chosen at random.

Find the probability that they both also like mathematics.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]
 4

5 12 friends travel to a festival.

5 travel by car, 4 travel by bus and 3 travel by train.
Two people are chosen at random from the 12 friends.

Calculate the probability that they travel by different types of transport.

................................................... [4]

[Total: 4]

6 The time, t minutes, taken by each of 80 people to travel to work is recorded.

The table shows information about these times.

Time
(t minutes)

Frequency 3 7 18 28 24

(a) One of these 80 people is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this person took longer than 10 minutes to travel to work.
Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

................................................... [2]
 5

(b) Two people are chosen at random from those taking 20 minutes or less to travel to work.

Calculate the probability that one of these people took 5 minutes or less and the other took more than
5 minutes.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]

7 The Venn diagram shows the number of students in a group of 50 students who wear glasses (G), who wear
trainers (T) and who have a mobile phone (M).

G
T
0 2 3
2
19 14

1
M 9

(a) Use set notation to describe the region that contains only one student.

................................................... [1]

(b) Find .

................................................... [1]
 6

(c) One student is picked at random from the 50 students.

Find the probability that this student wears trainers but does not wear glasses.

................................................... [1]

(d) Two students are picked at random from those wearing trainers.

Find the probability that both students have mobile phones.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]

8 A bag contains 3 blue buttons, 8 white buttons and 5 red buttons.

Two buttons are picked at random from the bag, without replacement.

Work out the probability that the two buttons are either both red or both white.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]
 7

9 Malik goes to a shop every day to buy bread.

On any day, the probability that Malik goes to the shop in the morning is 0.7 .

If he goes in the morning, the probability that there is bread for Malik to buy is 0.95 .
If he goes later, the probability that there is bread for Malik to buy is 0.6 .

Calculate the probability that, on any day, there is bread for Malik to buy.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

10 In a class activity, all the 15 students wear hats.

7 students wear red hats, 6 students wear green hats and 2 students wear white hats.

(a) One of these students is picked at random.

Find the probability that this student wears a red hat.

................................................... [1]
 8

(b) Two of the 15 students are picked at random.

Show that the probability that these two students wear hats of the same colour is .

[3]

(c) Three of the 15 students are picked at random.

Find the probability that at least two of these three students wear red hats.

................................................... [4]

[Total: 8]

11 The heights, h metres, of the 120 boys in an athletics club are recorded.
The table shows information about the heights of the boys.

Height
(h metres)

Frequency 7 18 30 24 27 14

(a) (i) Write down the modal class.

.............................. .............................. [1]

 9

(ii) Calculate an estimate of the mean height.

................................................... m [4]

(b) (i) One boy is chosen at random from the club.

Find the probability that this boy has a height greater than 1.8 m.

................................................... [1]

(ii) Three boys are chosen at random from the club.

Calculate the probability that one of the boys has a height greater than 1.8 m and the other two
boys each have a height of 1.4 m or less.

................................................... [4]

(c) (i) Use the frequency table to complete the cumulative frequency table.

Height
(h metres)
Cumulative
7 25
frequency

[2]
 10

(ii) On the grid, draw a cumulative frequency diagram to show this information.

[3]

(d) Use your diagram to find an estimate for

(i) the median height,

................................................... m [1]

(ii) the 40th percentile.

................................................... m [2]

[Total: 18]

12 The speed, v km/h, of each of 200 cars passing a building is measured.

The table shows the results.

Speed (v km/h)

Frequency 16 34 62 58 26 4
 11

(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean.

................................................... km/h [4]

(b) (i) Use the frequency table to complete the cumulative frequency table.

Speed (v km/h)

Cumulative frequency 16 50 196 200

[1]

(ii) On the grid, draw a cumulative frequency diagram.

[3]

(iii) Use your diagram to find an estimate of

A the upper quartile,

................................................... km/h [1]

 12

B the number of cars with a speed greater than 35 km/h.

................................................... [2]

(c) Two of the 200 cars are chosen at random.

Find the probability that they both have a speed greater than 50 km/h.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 13]

13 Tanya plants some seeds.

The probability that a seed will produce flowers is 0.8 .
When a seed produces flowers, the probability that the flowers are red is 0.6 and the probability that the
flowers are yellow is 0.3 .

(a) Tanya has a seed that produces flowers.

Find the probability that the flowers are not red and not yellow.

................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Complete the tree diagram.

[2]
 13

(ii) Find the probability that a seed chosen at random produces red flowers.

................................................... [2]

(iii) Tanya chooses a seed at random.

Find the probability that this seed does not produce red flowers and does not produce yellow
flowers.

................................................... [3]

(c) Two of the seeds are chosen at random.

Find the probability that one produces flowers and one does not produce flowers.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 11]

14
On any Saturday, the probability that Arun plays football is .

On any Saturday, the probability that Bob plays football is .

 14

(a) (i) Complete the tree diagram.

[2]

(ii) Calculate the probability that, one Saturday, Arun and Bob both play football.

................................................... [2]

(iii) Calculate the probability that, one Saturday, either Arun plays football or Bob plays football,
but not both.

................................................... [3]
 15

(b) Calculate the probability that Bob plays football for 2 of the next 3 Saturdays.

................................................... [3]

(c) When Arun plays football, the probability that he scores the winning goal is .

Calculate the probability that Arun scores the winning goal one Saturday.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 12]
 16

15
The probability that the school bus is late is .

If the school bus is late, the probability that Seb travels on the bus is .

If the school bus is on time, the probability that Seb travels on the bus is .

Find the probability that Seb travels on the bus.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

16
1 2 3 4 5

The diagram shows five cards.

Two of the cards are taken at random, without replacement.

Find the probability that both cards show an even number.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

17 The Venn diagram below shows information about the number of gardeners who grow melons (M), potatoes
(P) and carrots (C).
 17

(a) A gardener is chosen at random from the gardeners who grow melons.

Find the probability that this gardener does not grow carrots.

................................................... [2]

(b) Find .

................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

18 The probability that Andrei cycles to school is r.

(a) Write down, in terms of r, the probability that Andrei does not cycle to school.

................................................... [1]

(b) The probability that Benoit does not cycle to school is .

The probability that both Andrei and Benoit do not cycle to school is 0.4 .

(i) Complete the equation in terms of r.

( ................................................... ) × ( ................................................... ) = 0.4 [1]

 18

(ii) Show that this equation simplifies to .

[3]

(iii) Solve by factorisation .

r = .............................. or r = .............................. [3]

(iv) Find the probability that Benoit does not cycle to school.

................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]
 19

19 Esme has a bag with 5 green counters and 4 red counters.

She takes three counters at random from the bag without replacement.

Work out the probability that the three counters are all the same colour.

................................................... [4]

[Total: 4]

20 Angelo has a bag containing 3 white counters and x black counters.

He takes two counters at random from the bag, without replacement.

(a) Complete the following statement.

The probability that Angelo takes two black counters is

[2]

(b) The probability that Angelo takes two black counters is .

 20

(i) Show that .

[4]

(ii) Solve by factorisation.

x = .............................. or x = .............................. [3]

(iii) Write down the number of black counters in the bag.

................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

21 Ravi has a bag that contains 10 red balls and 8 blue balls.
He takes two balls at random from the bag, without replacement.

Find the probability that one ball is red and one ball is blue.

................................................... [3]
 21

[Total: 3]

22 Talika has a bag that contains 10 red balls and 8 blue balls.
She takes three balls at random from the bag, without replacement.

Calculate the probability that the three balls are the same colour.

................................................... [4]

[Total: 4]

23 20 students each record the mass, p grams, of their pencil case.

The table below shows the results.

Mass
(p grams)
Frequency 2 5 4 6 3

(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean mass.

................................................... g [4]
 22

(b) Use the frequency table above to complete the cumulative frequency table.

Mass
(p grams)
Cumulative
20
frequency

[2]

(c) A student is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this student has a pencil case with a mass greater than 150 g.

................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

24 A group of 200 people were asked which city they would like to visit next.
The table shows the results.

City London Paris New York Tokyo

Number of people 50 48 56 46

(a) A person from the group is chosen at random.

Write down the probability that this person would like to visit either Paris or Tokyo next.

................................................... [2]
 23

(b) Two people are chosen at random from the group of 200.

Find the probability that one person would like to visit London next and the other person would like to
visit New York next.
Give your answer as a percentage.

................................................... % [3]

[Total: 5]

25

The Venn diagram above shows information about the number of students who study Music (M), Drama (D)
and Geography (G).

(a) How many students study Music?

................................................... [1]

(b) How many students study exactly two subjects?

................................................... [1]

(c) Two students are chosen at random from those who study Drama.

Calculate the probability that they both also study Music.

................................................... [3]
 24

(d) In the Venn diagram above, shade . [1]

[Total: 6]

26

Bag A contains 3 black balls and 2 white balls.

Bag B contains 1 black ball and 3 white balls.

A ball is taken at random from each bag.

(a) Show that a black ball is more likely to be taken from bag A than from bag B.

[1]

(b) Find the probability that the two balls have different colours.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]
 25

27

Bag A contains 3 black balls and 2 white balls.

Bag B contains 1 black ball and 3 white balls.

A ball is taken at random from bag A and its colour is recorded.

This ball is then placed in bag B.
A ball is then taken at random from bag B.

Find the probability that the ball taken from bag B has a different colour to the ball taken from bag A.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

28
 26

Bag A contains 3 black balls and 2 white balls.

Bag B contains 1 black ball and 3 white balls.

Three balls are taken at random from bag A, without replacement.

Find the probability that

(a) they are all black,

................................................... [2]

(b) they are all white.

................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

29 A box contains 20 packets of potato chips.

6 packets contain barbecue flavoured chips.

10 packets contain salt flavoured chips.
4 packets contain chicken flavoured chips.

(a) Maria takes two packets at random without replacement.

(i) Show that the probability that she takes two packets of salt flavoured chips is .

[2]
 27

(ii) Find the probability that she takes two packets of different flavoured chips.

................................................... [4]

(b) Maria takes three packets at random, without replacement, from the 20 packets.

Find the probability that she takes at least two packets of chicken flavoured chips.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]

30 A box contains 7 black pens and 8 orange pens only.

Two pens are chosen at random from this box without replacement.

Calculate the probability that at least one orange pen is chosen.

................................................... [3]
 28

[Total: 3]

31 Box A and box B each contain blue and green pens only.
Raphael picks a pen at random from box A and Paulo picks a pen at random from box B.
The probability that Raphael picks a blue pen is .

The probability that both Raphael and Paulo pick a blue pen is .

(a) Find the probability that Paulo picks a blue pen.

................................................... [2]

(b) Find the probability that both Raphael and Paulo pick a green pen.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]

32
The probability that it will rain tomorrow is .

If it rains, the probability that Rafael walks to school is .

If it does not rain, the probability that Rafael walks to school is .

 29

(a) Complete the tree diagram.

[3]

(b) Calculate the probability that it will rain tomorrow and Rafael walks to school.

................................................... [2]

(c) Calculate the probability that Rafael does not walk to school.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

33 The time taken for each of 120 students to complete a cooking challenge is shown in the table.

Time (t minutes)

Frequency 44 32 28 12 4
 30

(a) Write down the modal time interval.

.................... .................... [1]

(b) Write down the interval containing the median time.

.................... .................... [1]

(c) Calculate an estimate of the mean time.

................................................... min [4]

(d) A student is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this student takes more than 40 minutes.

................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

34 The diagram shows two sets of cards.

Set A 1 1 2 2 2

Set B 0 1 1 1 2
 31

(a) Jojo chooses two cards at random from Set A without replacement.

Find the probability that the two cards have the same number.

................................................... [3]

(b) Jojo replaces the two cards.

Kylie then chooses one card at random from Set A and one card at random from Set B.

Find the probability that the two cards have the same number.

................................................... [3]

(c) Who is the most likely to choose two cards that have the same number?
Show all your working.

................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

35 One day, the number of members using the exercise machines (E), the swimming pool (S) and the tennis
courts (T) at a sports club is shown on the Venn diagram.
 32

(a) Find the number of members using only the tennis courts.

................................................... [1]

(b) Find the number of members using the swimming pool.

................................................... [1]

(c) A member using the swimming pool is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this member also uses the tennis courts and the exercise machines.

................................................... [2]

(d) Find .

................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]
 33

36 The diagram shows a set of cards.

Set C 4 4 5 5 5

Lena chooses three cards at random from Set C without replacement.

Find the probability that the third card chosen is numbered 4.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

37 Samira and Sonia each have a bag containing 20 sweets.

In each bag, there are 5 red, 6 green and 9 yellow sweets.

(a) Samira chooses one sweet at random from her bag.

Write down the probability that she chooses a yellow sweet.

................................................... [1]

(b) Sonia chooses two sweets at random, without replacement, from her bag.
 34

(i) Show that the probability that she chooses two green sweets is .

[2]

(ii) Calculate the probability that the sweets she chooses are not both the same colour.

................................................... [4]

[Total: 7]

38 The frequency table shows information about the time, m minutes, that each of 160 people spend in a library.

Time
(m minutes)

Frequency 3 39 43 55 11 9
 35

(a) (i) Find the probability that one of these people, chosen at random, spends more than 100 minutes
in the library.

................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate an estimate of the mean time spent in the library.

................................................... min [4]

(b) Complete the cumulative frequency table below.

Time
(m minutes)

Cumulative
3 42
frequency

[2]
 36

(c) On the grid, draw the cumulative frequency diagram.

[3]

(d) Use your cumulative frequency diagram to find

(i) the median,

................................................... min [1]

(ii) the interquartile range,

................................................... min [2]

 37

(iii) the 90th percentile,

................................................... min [2]

(iv) the number of people who spend more than 30 minutes in the library.

................................................... min [2]

[Total: 17]

39 The table shows the probability that a person has blue, brown or green eyes.

Eye colour Blue Brown Green

Probability 0.4 0.5 0.1

Use the table to work out the probability that two people, chosen at random,

(a) have blue eyes,

Answer(a) ................................................... [2]

(b) have different coloured eyes.

Answer(b) ................................................... [4]

[Total: 6]