Topic No 18

Probability

AMJAD RIAZ
0321-8860322
1. A common die is tossed. P is the event that the number is prime.
(a) State the value of n(E).

(b) List the set P.

(c) Write down the value of n(P).

2. A box contains 1 red chip, 2 green chips and 3 blue chips . A chip is chosen at random from the
box.
(a)List the sample space and state n(E).

(b) B is the event that a blue chip is chosen. List the outcomes favorable to B and state
n(B).

3. An unbiased die is thrown. Find the probability that the number obtained is
(a) A prime number,

(b) A number not divisible by 3,

 (c) 7.

4. A card is randomly from a standard pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that the card
drawn is
(a) A picture,

(b) A club,

(c) Not a club,

(d) The king of clubs.

5. There are 36 green chips and r red chipsin a bag. One chip is selected at random. Given the
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probability that it is red is , calculate the value of r.
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6. Two identical unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting
(a) 2 heads,

(b) A head and a tail?

7. A spinner board consists of 3 equal sectors numbered 1, 2 and 3 as shown. The spinner is spun
twice. Find the probability of getting
(a) At least a 3,

(b) Numbers for which the sum is more than 3,

(c) Numbers for which the sum is odd.

8. Four cards numbered 1 to 4are put in a box. One card is picked at random, and number is noted.
Without replacing the first card, a second card is randomly picked and the number is noted.
Find the probability that
(a) Both cards are odd,

(b) The sum is more than 4,

(c) The sum is even.

9. A coin and a die are thrown together. Using a tree diagram, find the probability of getting a head
and a six.

10. Two dice are tossed together. Using a tree diagram, find the probability of throwing exactly
one six.
11. Bag A contains 4 red chips, 3 green chips and 2 blue chips. Bag B contains 3 red chips and 2
green chips. One chip is randomly chosen from each bag. Find the probability that
(a) One is red and one is blue,

(b) The two chips are of the same colour.

12. A bag contains 3 apples and 5 pears. Anlene takes a fruit at random from the bag and eats it.
Betsy then takes a fruit at random from the bag and eats it. Find the probability that
(a) Both take apples,

(b) They take different types of fruits.

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13. The probability that a basketball team will win any particular game is .
3
(a) Findthe probability that the team
(i) Will not win the first game,

(ii) Will not win either of the first two games.

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(b) The probability that the team will draw any particular game is .
4
Find the probability that the team will lose the third party.

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14. The probability that Anlene will win the 50-m free-style swimming competition is . In the
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1
same competition, the probability that Betty will win is . Find the probability that
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(a) Either Anlene or Betty will win,

(b) Neither Anlene nor Betty will win.

15. The diagram below shows a target consisting of two concentric circles of radii 3 cm and 6 cm.
If a sharp-shooter always hits the target, find the probability that he will hit
(a) The inner circle,

(b) The annulus.

16. The cumulative distribution of marks gained by a group of 100 pupils in a Mathematics
examination is given in the table below.

Marks 10 30 40 50 60 65 70 75 80

No .of pupils who gained less than 0 10 25 35 45 55 65 80 100

this mark

A grade “A” is awarded to pupils scoring 75 marks or more and a grade “F” to those scoring
less than 40 marks.
(a) If a pupils is selected at random, find the probability that the pupils is awarded.
(i) Grade A,

(ii) Either grade A or grade F.

(b) If two pupils are selected at random, find the probability that both pupils are awarded
grade A.

17. A survey was carried out on 100 pupils to find out the number of pens they brought to
school on a particular day. The findings are given below.

No. of pens 0-1 2 3 4-6

Frequency 30 30 25 15

Draw a histogram to represent this distribution.

 Marks in test 1-20 21-30 31-35 36-50

18. A histogram is drawn to represent the following information.

No. of pupils 40 45 n 45

Given that the height of the first column is 4 cm, calculate

(a) The height of the second column,

(b) The value of n if the height of the third column is 12 cm,

(c) The mean mark of the test.

19. The probability that Catherine oversleeps is 0.4.if she oversleeps, the probability that she
cycles to school is 0.7. if she does not oversleep, the probability that she cycles to school is
0.1 .
(a) Complete the tree diagram to represent this information.

0.7 cycles to school

(……..) ………………
(0.4) oversleeps

(………) ………………… (………) ……………….

(……….) ……………….
(b) Calculate the probability that Catherine cycles to school.
(c)
20. (a) An ordinary unbiased die has faces numbered 1, 2,3,4,5, and 6.Sarah and Terry each threw this
die once. Expressing each answer as a fraction in its lowest terms, find the probability that
(i) Sarah threw a 7,

(ii) They both threw a 6,

(iii) Neither threw an even number,

(iv) Sarah threw exactly four more than Terry.

21. (a) A bag contained 5 Red and 2 Blue beads, Chris took 3 beads, at random ,and without
replacement, from the bag. The probability tree shows the possible outcomes and their probabilities.
1st bead 2nd bead 3rd bead

3
Red
5
Red
4 2
Blue
6 5

4
Red Red
5

5 2
Blue
7 6

1
Blue
5

4
Red
5
Red
5
p Blue
6
 2
Blue q Red
7
1
Blue
6
r Blue
(i) Write down the values of p, q and r.

(ii) Expressing each answer as a fraction in its lowest terms, find the probability that
(a) Three Red beads were taken,

(b) The first bead was Red, the second Blue and the third Red,

(c) Two of the beads were Red and one was Blue.

22. A fair five-sided spinner is numbered using the prime numbers 2,3,5,7 and 11.

11 2
7

5 3
 (a) In a game, players spin it twice and add the two numbers obtained.
(i) Complete the possibility diagram.

+ 2 3 5 7 11

2 4 5

5 10 12

7 12

11

(ii) Find the probability that the total of the two numbers is
(a) A prime number,

(b) A perfect square.

(b) In another game, players spin it twice and multiply the two numbers obtained. Without
drawing another possibility diagram, write down the probability that this product is a prime
number.

23. (a) Emma chose one word, at random, from the 25 words. Find the probability that this
word had
(i) ss5 or 6 letters,
 (ii) Fewer than 9 letters

(b) peter chose one word , at random, from the 25 words. He then chose a second word, at
random, from the remaining words. Expressing each answer as a fraction in its lowest
terms, find the probability that
(i) both words had 6 letters,

(ii) one word had 2 letters and the other had 4 letters.

24. A bag contains 1 red, 1 blue and 3 green balls. Two balls are taken from the bag, at
random, without replacement. The tree diagram that represents these events is drawn
below.
First ball Second ball
1
green
2
h
green blue
3
5
h red
1 3
green
5 4
blue

1
red
4
3
green
4
1
red
5
 1
blue
4
(a) Write down the value of h.

(b) Expressing each answer in its simplest form, calculate the probability that
(i) Both balls are green,

(ii) Both balls are blue,

(iii) Neither ball is green.

25. A bag contains red, green and yellow pegs. A peg is taken at random from the bag. The
probability that it is red is 0.35 and the probability that it is green is 0.4.
(a) Find the probability that it is
(i) Yellow,

(ii) Not red,

 (b) Originally there were 16 green pegs in the bags. Find the total number of pegs.

26. In a group of 8 students there are 5 boys and 3 girls. Two students are chosen at random .
the tree diagram shows the possible outcomes and their probabilities.
First student Second student
4
Boy
7
Boy
3
Girl
7
5
8

……. Boy
3
Girl
8
……. Girl
(a) Complete the tree diagram.

(b) Expressing each answer as a fraction in its lowest terms, find the probability that
(i) Two boys are chosen,

(ii) At least one boy is chosen.

27. A bag contains 6 red counters and 4 blue counters. Two counters are taken from the bag at
random, without replacement,
(i) Complete the tree diagram below that represents these events.
First counters Second counters

5
red
9

6
red
10

……. blue

…….. red
……… blue
…….. blue
(b)Expressing your answer as a fraction in its simplest form, calculate the probability that
both counters are the same colour.

28. A bag contains 7 balls, 6 of which are green and 1 is red. Two balls are taken from the bag,
at random, without replacement. The tree diagram that represent these events is drawn
below.
First ball Second ball
 5
green
6

6
green
7

1
red
6

p green
1
red
7
q red
(a)find the values of p and q.

(b) Expressingeach answer as a fraction in its simplest form, find theprobabilitythat

(i) both balls are green;

(ii) the two balls have different colours.

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