ESSAY THEORY

 CONCEPT
Definition in the RAE dictionary
"Writing in which an author develops his ideas without having to show
the scholarly apparatus"

The essay is a literary genre that is characterized by allowing the

development of a given topic in a free and personal way. Commonly,
people write essays to express some opinion or idea, and without having
to worry about sticking to a rigid writing structure or documenting it
exhaustively.

The essay is a literary genre that consists of a subjective exposition,

written in prose, on a specific topic on which a personal perspective is
applied, whether from the humanistic, scientific, political, cultural, social,
philosophical, artistic field, among others. .

The essay does not have any formal requirements but is the author's free
style, since it is about reflections and arguments focused on the
expression of his opinion.

Like poetry, drama and narrative, the essay is part of the literary genre
and within it, of didactics. The essay is an open explanation and
interpretation of a certain topic, and its purpose is not informative, as a
report is. What it aims to do is persuade and convince with its reflective
argument without exhausting the topic, influencing the reader's way of
thinking, which gives rise to its subjective and flexible character.

An essay is called a text written, generally by a single author, in which

the point of view, opinions or positions of the writer on a given topic are
presented in an argumentative manner.

Its fundamental purpose is to demonstrate, in the most complete way

possible, the knowledge one has on a topic.

Thesis : Proposition or opinion, especially of a scientific nature, that is

maintained and attempted to be demonstrated with reasoning.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TEST

 subjective nature
o The essayist presents the topic in a personalized way.
o Let the author's point of view and personal experiences be known.

 Argumentative character
o The essayist persuades the reader; It also contains a thesis that is
duly substantiated.

 Personal style
o The particular way in which one expresses his or her ideas in
writing.
o We could call the “friendly style” of the writing.

 Thematic variety
o They can be done on any topic: politics, philosophy, sports,
climate, fashion, literature, cinema, culture, economics,
technology or any other topic that comes to mind.

 No defined structure
o It does not have a rigid structure or rigorous organization of the
content, since its style is free.
o Although its structure is free, the recommendation is to use the
argumentative order.

 Length is generally short

o The extension is free.

 Requires defending one's own position

o Generally based on thesis

 Seek eloquence to convince

 Controversial content Although it can be on any topic, it is

recommended to choose controversial content.

 Opens new fields of analysis and research

 Generally the goal of the essay is to focus on a large audience

 Allows you to include references or citations if considered

necessary.
 Use a formal tone . Therefore, humor, sarcasm, colloquial vocabulary
and tangential or irrelevant observations should be avoided.

 PARTS OF AN ESSAY

Organizing the parts of an essay depends on its author.

The parts of an essay could be considered on our part as a way to better
delve into the elaboration of a text under this very particular type of style.
In this case, the structure of an essay is generally conceived under the
classic idea of an introduction, the content that we are going to develop
and a conclusion. It is worth highlighting that the essay does not have a
defined structure for its preparation.

Although its structure is free, the recommendation is to use the

argumentative order, presenting:

 Introduction: The topic and the way in which it will be addressed

by the author are presented.

 Development: It is the main content, it contains the arguments of

the topic.

 Conclusion: A final part to summarize what the essayist wanted to

convey with his work.

INTRODUCTION

The introduction has the basic purpose of capturing the reader's interest;
to do so, the argument of the essay is offered here in the best possible
way.

It is the initial part of the essay, in this section the writer concentrates on
presenting each of the themes and points that he plans to develop in said
essay. The essayist makes his opinion known beforehand, a thesis that
he will try to demonstrate later by giving it solidity in the body of the
essay. It is also possible that the author includes some clues about the
hypotheses or conclusions that he plans to present later in the body of
the text.

It represents 10% of the entire essay, and in it, the problems of the topic
in question, reflections of the author, readings of other authors can be
raised.

DEVELOPMENT
It is the longest part of the work, also called the body, where the essayist
argues the exposition with information, data, comparisons, examples and
other resources, always revealing his subjective opinion and personal
style, considering that each author has his own way of writing. develop
your ideas.

It is the most important part of an essay since all the content that you
want to make known to the reader is reported here.
In the scientific essay, the tests to which the thesis is subjected are
exposed, trial and error essays, comparisons, bibliography used and any
other type of material that proves or refutes the hypothesis. The more
data provided, the stronger the hypothesis will be.
In the argumentative essay, the thesis is defended based on one's own
opinions and those of other studies that serve for this defense. Always
leaving clear the authorship of the ideas contributed.

Generally, a large amount of data, examples, comparisons, and other

resources are used.

Some strategies for this section are the following:

- Analysis, which is the description of parts or components of a unit.

- Comparison or contrast, which serves to point out similarities and

differences between two or more sets.

- The definition, which clarifies a term or concept.

It is the largest part, as it occupies 80% of the essay. Furthermore, it is

necessary to synthesize and summarize all the content, because even if
it is the largest part, it should not be tedious.
It is in the development where the author, first, presents his main ideas,
which must be argued through secondary explanations and be supported
by concrete data obtained, as we have mentioned before, from other
sources of information but also from his own assessments and opinions.
It is important that all the ideas presented are well intertwined and the
essay has coherence.

CONCLUSION
 In the conclusion, which is the last part of the essay, the author
summarizes the main ideas, clearly reaffirming his position. The
conclusion should be brief, like the introduction, in relation to the total
length of the exposition.
If the essay is one page, three or four lines will be enough for the
conclusion, but three pages may be necessary if the essay is twenty
pages long.

It is the part in which the most important idea or ideas of the text are
summarized. Those that the author wants to highlight above others.
Thus, you will clearly show what your position is by quickly listing the
most important arguments given in the development.

They consider the other 10% of the essay.

Written presentation of the essay

1. Title
2. Author
3. Introductory part
4. Development
5. Conclusion or closure
6. Bibliography

 TYPES OF TESTS
 There are four types of essays, which tend to be the most common or
common, which are: the literary essay, the critical essay, the scientific
essay and the argumentative essay.

 Literary essay

This type of essay is characterized by the freedom and breadth of topics

covered. Although they are based on literary works or quotes, they are
not limited to addressing them exclusively, but rather combine them with
observations, customs and experiences. The literary essay is
characterized by being subjective, direct and simple, seeking to clearly
capture the vision and reflections of the author himself and can address
different disciplines such as history, philosophy, politics, morality, among
others.

They are usually characterized by the breadth with which they address
the topics, not limiting themselves when selecting the topic to be
discussed. Although all literary essays start from a work, they do not
address it exclusively, but rather it is combined with experiences, habits,
analysis and opinions. All literary essays usually have a series of
characteristics in common, that is, they are all subjective and are
presented from simplicity with a very direct style, thus seeking to
highlight the point of view, reflections and thoughts of the author.

It seeks to characterize the writing in a subjective way so that the writer

can give more importance to the style he uses when writing his work.
This type of essay tends to stand out more and has a poetic style.

Well-documented study on a topic that is related to literature, whether it

is a work of an author, it is not a biography, it is the opinion of the author
who develops it on a special topic which seeks to give more importance
to the style that he occupied in his works. the time to write.

 Scientific Essay

Text that presents arguments and ideas in its own words seeking to
explain a specific scientific topic in a reasonable or personal way, also
providing content that supports it in order to encourage more people to
research the topic.

This is characterized by combining artistic imagination with scientific

reasoning. It can be said that on the one hand it takes from science the
objective of exploring reality, in search of truths, while it takes from art
the expressive beauty, originality and creativity. Despite resorting to
 artistic issues, the scientific essay must make clear what it wants to
express.

The scientific essay is characterized by treating a scientific topic from a

creative point of view. That is, scientific reasoning is combined with
artistic creativity. In this type of essay, the goal of searching and
exploring reality in the search for truth is taken from science, while from
an artistic point of view it takes beauty and its expression through
creativity.

The scientific essay seeks to support the author's beliefs about the topic
being presented.

In the context of science, a scientific essay is the attempt to approach a

research environment of a problem which seeks to generate an
explanation of how the world related to the topic to be worked on is
analyzed.

The Author specifically seeks to present his point of view regarding what
could be a fact, scientific knowledge and seeks to present his ideas and
his opinion also adding content that supports it. Everything mentioned
above is the result of an investigation and all of this seeks to improve the
study on the topic raised, encouraging other researchers to carry out the
same work as the previous researcher.

When it comes to characterizing it, the main characteristic to take into

account is that a scientific essay is defined by the topics it can cover
since they are very diverse and range from history to philosophy, politics,
literature, etc. When we resort to preparing a scientific essay, let us take
into account that its characteristics will not lie in its length.

 Argumentative essay

This type of essay aims to defend a proposed thesis and seeks to

convince the reader of said position. It uses a simple, formal and cultured
language, in which a natural style predominates. The ideas must be
stated clearly and there must be a logical relationship between them. It
should also avoid bias, that is, disclose only what favors the author's
position, leaving aside relevant information that contradicts it.

The argumentative essay aims to defend a proposed thesis or idea

through reasoning with the aim of convincing the reader of the defended
position. Although they deal with the topics in depth, they are usually
short essays. This type of essay uses a simple style, but cultured or
formal language. As a fundamental requirement, ideas must be
presented in a clear and concise manner and must have a logical
 relationship between them. Cherry picking or fallacy of incomplete
evidence should be avoided

That is, information that contradicts the author's arguments must also be
shown.

 Critical Essay

This type of essay is also characterized by addressing varied topics in a

free manner and is aimed at a wide audience. They tend to be brief
although they seek to address the topics in depth. They have a free
structure and a style in which elegance and care predominate. It uses
extensive documentation for its realization and to express its ideologies,
assessments, opinions and reflections accompanied by scientific and
theoretical elements.

In the same way as in the literary essay, this type of essay is also
characterized by freely addressing a wide variety of topics, focused on
the general public. The structure of the critical essay is free, although a
formal and generally careful style predominates. A large amount of
documentation is used to support the ideas, opinions, ideologies or
reflections of the author, which must be accompanied by scientific or
argumentative elements.

 EXAMPLES
Literary

Scientists
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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://tiposde.eu/tipos-de-ensayos/
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ejemplos/
https://www.aboutespanol.com/que-es-un-ensayo-2879495
http://www.tiposde.org/lengua-y-literatura/108-tipos-de-ensayos/
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antares_TECMorelia.pdf
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