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Lecture 05

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22 views

Lecture 05

Uploaded by

Rabeeah Zaki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FIELDBUS

What is a Fieldbus?
A Fieldbus is an industrial computer network for
real-time distributed control.
A complex automated industrial system usually needs
an organized hierarchy of controller systems to
function.
Human Machine Interface (HMI) at the top,
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) in the
middle, and the Fieldbus at the bottom.
The Fieldbus links the PLCs to the components
which actually do the work such as sensors, actuators,
electric motors, console lights, switches, valves, and
contactors.
What is a Fieldbus?
Fieldbus is a generic term that describes a new digital
communications network that is being used in industry to
replace the existing 4-20 mA analog signal standard.
The network is a digital, bi-directional, multi-drop,
serial-bus communication network used to link isolated
field devices, such as controllers, transducers, actuators
and sensors.
◦ Bi-directional means it is a duplex port; the data can be
transmitted in two directions at the same time.
◦ Multi-drop is also referred to as multi-access and it can
be interpreted as a single bus with many nodes
connected to it.
◦ Serial-bus means the data is transmitted serially
according to RS232 or RS485 protocol. Profibus uses
RS485 protocol.
History & Current State

In 1999 a committee formed the IEC 61158 standard


with eight different protocol sets:

■ FOUNDATION ■ FOUNDATION
Fieldbus H1 Fieldbus HSE
■ ControlNet ■ Interbus
■ PROFIBUS ■ SwiftNet
■ P-Net ■ WorldFIP
History & Current State
Recent additions or planned additions to IEC 61158
include but are not limited to:
PROFINET IO
EtherCAT

Both FOUNDATION Fieldbus and Profibus


technologies are now commonly implemented within
the process control field, both for new developments
and major refits.
Who uses Fieldbuses?
Where are Fieldbuses Used?
In complex automated
industrial systems where
an organized hierarchy
of controller systems is
needed.
In manufacturing plants
where many instruments
need to be connected.
What are Fieldbuses Used For?
To reduce installation cost by moving the I/O
interface from the programmable logic controller
(PLC) to a remote I/O unit mounted close to the
machine on the factory floor.
Factory automation fieldbuses are fast and
deterministic. (Deterministic means the maximum
worst-case time to obtain data across the fieldbus is
accurately predictable and is not subject to chance.)
Advantages of Fieldbus
A major advantage of fieldbus is the capital
expenditure (CAPEX) savings associated with cable
elimination; multiple devices share wire-pairs in
order to communicate over the bus network and
savings are also available through speedier
commissioning.
Ongoing maintenance and process control system
performance are significantly enhanced through
fieldbus systems, which results in operations expense
savings (OPEX).
Disadvantages of Fieldbus
Disadvantages of fieldbus compared to the 4-20 mA analog
signal standard:
◦ Fieldbus systems are complex, so more training needed
◦ The price of fieldbus components is higher
◦ Fieldbus test devices are more complex
◦ Device manufacturers have to offer different versions of
devices due to different fieldbus standards. This can add to
the cost of the devices and increases the difficultly of device
selection.
◦ Standards may predominate or become obsolete, increasing
the investment risk.
Profibus
Profibus is a vendor-independent, open fieldbus
standard for a wide range of applications in
manufacturing, and process automation. Devices
configured by different manufacturers can communicate
without special interface adjustments. Profibus can be
used for both high-speed, time-critical data transmission
and extensive complex communication tasks.

Profibus family consists of three compatible versions:


◦ Profibus-FMS (Fieldbus Message Specification)
◦ Profibus-DP (Decentralized Peripherals)
◦ Profibus-PA (Process Automation)
PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus) is the most popular fieldbus today
How integrates?
FMS, DP, PA
Profibus Family
Bus Access
the PROFIBUS Bus Access Protocol (Layer 2) is
identical for all three PROFIBUS variations
this enab es transparent communication and easy
combinations of FMS/DP/PA Network sect ons
Because FMS/DP use the same Physical Media (RS-
485/FO), they can be combined on the same cable
Log" al To n Ring

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