Malawi SDG VNR 2022 Final

JUNE 2022
Table of Contents
ACRONYMS ........ i
OPENING STATEMENT ........ iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........ v
HIGHLIGHTS ........ 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........ 3
2.0 METHODOLOGY AND PROCESSES OF
THE REVIEW ........ 4
2.1. Coordination and Review Mechanisms .......... 4
2.2. Data Collection and Sources .......... 4
2.3. Major processes .......... 5
3.0 POLICY ENVIRONMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENT ........ 6
3.1. Ownership of the SDGs and the VNRs .......... 6
3.2. Integration of the SDGs in National Frameworks. .......... 7
3.3. Integration of the Economic, Social and
Environmental Dimensions .......... 8
3.4. Leaving no one behind .......... 9
3.5. Institutional Mechanisms. .......... 10
3.6. Systemic issues and transformative actions. .......... 11
4.0 GENERAL PROGRESS ON SDG’s .......... 13
4.1. Progress on Goals .......... 13
5.0 MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION ........ 69
5.1. General Modalities for SDG implementation .......... 69
5.2. Financing for SDGs .......... 69
5.3. Underlying assumptions/conditions .......... 70
Governance .......... 70
Private Sector Engagement .......... 71
Public Service Delivery .......... 71
Managing Fiscal and Economic Impact
of COVID-19 Pandemic .......... 71
5.4. Monitoring Evaluation and Review
Mechanisms for SDGs .......... 72
6.0 CONCLUSION AND GENERAL
RECOMMENDATIONS ........ 73
7.0 REFERENCES ........ 77
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Development Planning in Malawi
Figure 2 Alignment of MIP-1 to SDGs in Malawi
Figure 3 Government Commitment in Integration of the three SDGs
Dimensions
Figure 4 Poverty trend in Malawi
Figure 5 Prevalence of Stunting in Malawi
Figure 6 Trends in nutritional status of children
Figure 7 Percentage of birth attended by skilled health personnel
Figure 8 Under-five mortality rate in Malawi
Figure 9 Malaria incidence and mortality rates in Malawi
Figure 10 Primary completion rates
Figure 11 GPI in primary schools
Figure 12 Child Marriage in Malawi
Figure 13 GBVs in 2021
Figure 14 Proportion of people using improved water
Figure 15 Distance to water source....................................................... 39
Figure 16 Proportion of population with a hand washing facility
Figure 17 Malawi’s Annual growth rates since 2014
Figure 18 Unemployment levels in Malawi
Figure 19 Proportion of youth not in education, employment or training
Figure 20 Roads status in Malawi
Figure 21 Manufacturing contribution to overall GDP
Figure 22 Per capital expenditure
Figure 23 Effects of disasters, 2015 vs 2021
Figure 24 Index of coastal eutrophication
Figure 25 Average marine acidity
Figure 26 Per capita fish consumption
Figure 27 Forest loss
Figure 28 Government revenue as share of GDP
Figure 29 Domestic budget funded by domestic taxes
ANNEX
Annex 1 Action Plan.
Annex 2 MIP-1 Alignment to SDGs.
Annex 3 SDG Matrix.
ACRONYMS
ATIA Access to Information Act
CBCC Community Based Childcare Centers (CBCCs)
CONGOMA Council for Non-Governmental Organisations
CSO Civil Society Organisation
CTC Core Technical Committees
DDP District Development Plans
DRM Disaster Risk Management
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
ECD Early Childhood Development
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council
ESCOM Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi
FY Fiscal Year
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GPI Gender Parity Index
GWAN Government Wide Area Network
HLPF High-Level Political Forum
HN-MIS Harmonized Management Information System
HP Harmful Practices
HSA Health Surveillance Assistant
IIAG Ibrahim Index of African Governance
INFF Integrated National Financing Framework
IRDS Integrated Rural Development Strategy
IRI Interactive Radio Instruction
IRP Integrated Resource Plan
KMC Kangaroo Mother Care
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MAREP Malawi Rural Electrification Programme
MDA Ministries, Departments and Agencies
MEAP Malawi Electricity Access Project
MEDF Malawi Enterprise Development Fund
MGDS Malawi Growth and Development Strategy
MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
MIP-1 Malawi 2063 First 10-year Implementation Plan
MIS Management Information Systems
MNCH Maternal, Neonatal Child Health
MNSSP Malawi National Social Support Programme
MW2063 Malawi 2063
i
NACS National Anti-Corruption Strategy
NAP National Adaptation Plan
NDC Nationally Determined Contribution
NDPs National Development Plans
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
NPC National Planning Commission
NRB National Registration Bureau
NSC National Steering Committee
NSDGRS National SDGs Reports
NSO National Statistical Office
NYCOM National Youth Council of Malawi
ODeL Open Distance e-Learning
ODL Open and Distance Learning
PDNA Post Disaster Needs Assessment
PECGs Pillar and Enabler Coordination Groups
PPSTP Public and Private Sector Training Programmes
RGC Rural Growth Centres
SCTP Social Cash Transfer Programme
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
SERP Socioeconomic Recovery Plan
SI Spotlight Initiative
SGBV Sexual and Gender Based Violence
SRH Sexual and Reproductive Health
TA Technical assistance
TEVET Technical, Entrepreneurial, Vocational Education and Training
TEVETA Technical, Entrepreneurial, Vocational Education and Training
Authority
TWG Thematic Working Groups
UN United Nations
UNDESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
VAPs Village Action Plans
VAWGs Violence Against Women and Girls
VDC Village Development Committee
VFA Village Forest Area
VMS Vessel Monitoring System
VNR Voluntary National Review
VNRMC Village Natural Resources Management Committees
VSO Voluntary Service Overseas
WHO World Health Organisation
ii
iii
OPENING
STATEMENT
The Government of Malawi reaffirms non-governmental organisations (NGOs),

its commitment to the Agenda 2030 for academia and Civil Society Organisations
Sustainable Development. In the MW2063 (CSOs).
First 10-Year Implementation Plan (MIP- Malawi has registered commendable
1), Malawi has put in place clear strategies progress over the past 7 years of SDG
to fast-track the implementation of the implementation. Notable progress has been
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to registered in the health, education, Gender,
ensure Malawi meets most of the goals by natural resources and climate change
2030. Malawi is pursuing an ‘inclusive wealth management and the partnership. However,
creation and self-reliance’ agenda to ensure the goals of ending poverty and inequalities
the country achieves the middle-income remain a challenge. Efforts are being put
status by 2030 in an inclusive way that also forward in the decade of action to ensure
benefits the poorest and most marginalized. that most of the SDGs are met by 2030.
This 2022 Voluntary National Review
(VNR) assesses implementation progress The challenges in meeting some of the goals
and achievements registered so far, and are both technical and structural. The socio-
reflects on key actions needed to accelerate economic impact of Covid-19 pandemic
the implementation of the SDGs. The has adversely affected the trajectory. In
government emphasizes fast tracking of the addressing this, Malawi with support of
implementation of various interventions for the UN, has developed a Covid-19 Socio-
the country to graduate to the middle-income Economic Recovery Plan (SERP) to build
economy by 2030. Malawi has therefore the economy back. The SERP has identified
enhanced raising awareness, advocacy and interventions which Malawi is prioritising
integration of SDGs in the development to counter the socio-economic effects of
planning at all levels. For Malawi, the report Covid-19. Financing for development has
provides summary progress on all the SDGs been another key challenge. To enhance
beyond the five goals isolated by the United SDG financing, Malawi has put in place
Nations for the 2022 review. deliberate efforts to go beyond conventional
means of financing to include more private
To leverage technical and financial sector involvement, non-concessional loans
comparative advantages among stakeholders, and other financing instruments in the
effort at accelerating implementation of the development space to allow for constructive
SDGs is involving all stakeholders including SDGs- related investment in various sectors
the private sector, development partners, of the economy.
Honorable Sosten Alfred Gwengwe, MP

MINISTER OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Malawi’s second VNR process has been is a clear display of existing capacities
undertaken two years after the first VNR. within country in identifying issues and
The second VNR process was coordinated defining solutions – a clear indication of
by the National Planning Commission leadership and ownership in implementation
(NPC) in collaboration with the Ministry of of the SDGs. The support and input
Finance and Economic Affairs, with technical from stakeholders including: Ministries,
and financial support from UN Agencies. Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Civil
The National Planning Commission would Society Organizations such as Council
like to thank the Minister of Finance and for Non-Governmental Organizations
Economic Affairs, Hon. Sosten Alfred (CONGOMA), Plan International, GAYO
Gwengwe for his effective leadership in the and Sight Savers, National Youth Council of
entire VNR process. Malawi (NYCOM), and Voluntary Service
The Commission is grateful to the principal Overseas (VSO) is highly appreciated.
secretary for Economic Planning and The Commission is highly indebted to the
Development, Dr. Winford Masanjala for support from the Office of the Permanent
his technical and policy advice through-out Representative to the UN which was led by
the review policy, and his technical team Ambassador Dr. Agnes Chimbiri- Molande
who supported the process comprising Mrs. with close support from the First Secretary
Sophie Kang’oma, Mrs. Victoria Geresomo, for ECOSOC Mrs. Renata Chivundu in
Mrs. Esmie Jere, Mrs. Elizabeth Naluso providing timely advice to the process
Banda and Mr. Innocent Zulu; NPC staff and following up on all the necessary
comprising Dr. Joseph Nagoli, Dr Grace requirements of the process.
Kumchulesi, Mr. Chrighton Chimombo,
Mr. Austin Chingwengwe, Mr. Mtamandeni Much appreciation should also go to the
Liabunya, Dr. Andrew Jamali, Mr. Sipho United Nations Department of Economic
Billiat, Ms. Joy Karim Masache, Mr. Thom and Social Affairs (UNDESA) for its timely
Khanje, Mr. Adam Chikapa Guys, Mr Hope advisory role to the process until the report
Chavula, Ms. Ruth Mkisi, Mr. Harold Fote, was completed and submitted.
Ms. Tissie Kumpata, Ms. Olive Khonje, Mr.
Khama Ntelela, Ms. Dora Chidati for the The Commission further extends its
coordination and tireless support provided gratitude to the UN family in Malawi led
throughout the review process. by the UN Resident Coordinator’s Office,
The National Planning Commission also for the unwavering support and guidance
recognizes the Technical Committee on towards the process. In particular, UNDP,
the VNR for the work well done without UNICEF UNESCO, UNFPA, WFP, FAO,
recourse to a consultant through-out the ILO, OIM and UN Women deserve special
consultation and drafting process. This recognition.
Thomas Chataghalala Munthali, PhD
DIRECTOR GENERAL-NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION
v
Malawi 2022 Voluntary National Review (VNR) Report
HIGHLIGHTS
Development of the VNR Report SDG 4 - Inclusive and equitable education:
Malawi undertook a second Voluntary Malawi is likely to achieve SDG 4 by 2030.
National Review (VNR) to assess the In the previous two years, Malawi has
progress in the implementation of the embarked on school expansion programmes
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). that include constructing new secondary
The review enabled Malawi to define the schools, renovating and expanding existing
strategic interventions that would require primary schools, constructing teachers
particular attention to accelerate the training colleges and recruiting thousands
achievement of most of the SDGs by 2030. of primary and secondary school teachers.
The second VNR was highly inclusive and Nevertheless, closure of schools due to
the process was guided by multi-stakeholder Covid-19 in 2022 and 2021 has posed clear
governance structures that included the risk to derail gains made especially towards
National Steering Committee (NSC), Core girls’ education.
Technical Committee (CTC) and Thematic
Working Groups (TWGs). The review team SDG 5 - Achieve Gender Equality and
widely engaged and consulted the public Women Empowerment: Gender inequality
including interest groups such as women, persists as women and girls remain
children, youth, elderly persons, persons marginalised in some context with the social,
with disabilities and albinism. cultural, economic and political space. Since
the last VNR, however, Malawi has enacted
SDGs Implementation Progress various gender-related laws to create legal
Malawi leveraged the instruments of environment that promotes gender equality,
VNR to effectively identify the gaps and prevent, mitigate and respond to violence
challenges in its efforts to achieve the against women and girls.
Agenda 2030 aspirations. The review shows
significant progress in goals 2, 3, 4, 6, and SDG 14 - Life Under Water: Malawi is taking
14 with moderate progress in goals 5, 7, 8, strategic initiatives to conserve and promote
9, 13, and 17. There is little or no progress life under water within its inland water
in goals 1, 10 and 15 while insufficient data bodies. Promoting modern aquaculture
made it difficult to assess progress in goal practices has resulted in the increase of fish
11, 12, and 16. The SDGs of 4, 5, 14, 15 and catch and aquaculture value.
17 have been analyzed in detail to showcase
initiatives that are being implemented to SDG 15 - Life on land: Four-fifth of
fast-track them. Malawians relies on forests for energy, food,
1
timber, and non-timber forest products. 9, 13, 14 and 15. Malawi has digitized early
Consequently, forests and woodland warning systems, and implementation of
have degraded at an alarming rate due to climate smart agriculture has seen reducing
deforestation for wood fuel, settlement, and the impact of climatic shocks on loss of
agricultural expansion. In the past few years lives and livelihoods respectively.
Malawi has scaled up implementation of the
Land Restoration Strategy which earmarks Leaving No One Behind
to conserve 4.5 million hectares of land. Malawi pursues a Vision of inclusive wealth
creation and self-reliance agenda, which
SDG 17 - Partnership: Given the entails no-one is left behind. During the
interlinkages of the SDGs, Malawi has envisioning process, the government held
therefore, instituted Pillar and Enable extensive consultations to ensure every
Coordination Groups (PECGs) to enhance population group had explicitly defined their
coordination among stakeholders across aspirations. The process was youth-led with
goals. Government has also embarked on the marginalised groups including children,
efforts to retire public debt and ensure women, elderly, the poor and persons with
sustainable development financing. disabilities fully participating.
Emerging and Structural Challenges Key Lessons

The COVID-19 pandemic has slowed down Domestication of SDGs into the national
economic activity and increased poverty, development plans has ensured financing
both in urban and rural areas. Given the and implementation of SDGs through
already limited fiscal space, Covid-19 domestic resources and structures. Since the
worsened the domestic revenue collection first VNR, Malawi has developed a medium-
thereby limiting the government’s ability to term development plan, Mw2063 First 10-
cushion the livelihoods of its citizens and year Implementation Plan (MIP-1) that has
provide social services. Closure of schools, fully aligned to SDGs at Goal level. This has
specifically, led to boom in child marriages ensured localisation of implementation and
and teen pregnancies which are likely to reporting of SDGs using national systems.
erode gains which have been made in goals
3, 4 and 5. To recovery and restore the Strengthened collaboration and coordination
economy, Malawi has developed Covid-19 beyond a sector or specific goal has ensured
Socio-Economic Recovery Plan (SERP). that the SDGs are implemented in a
holistic approach. In line with the Pillars
Climatic shocks are ravaging Malawi with and Enablers defined in the country’s
increasing regularity and intensity. Key vision, the Malawi 2063, Malawi has
climatic shocks include floods, strong winds, instituted Pillar and Enable Coordination
drought pests and cyclones. In 2022, Malawi Groups (PECGs). Each PECG comprise
has had to brace tropical cyclones Ana stakeholders from various sectors/goals
and Gombe in 2022 which have affected which are interrelated to ensure coordinated
around two hundred thousand households. planning and implementation. This has
These natural disasters especially the recent reduced duplications but also ensures that
cyclones have the potential to reverse the critical interventions across sectors are well
gains made. Key SDGs which are affected coordinated to fast-track achievement of
by the climatic shocks are SDG 1, 2, 6, 7, results.
2
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Malawi has for the second time volunteered beverages, and agro-processing. These areas
to conduct a Voluntary National Review have great opportunities to be exploited.
(VNR) and present its findings at the In addition to the agriculture sector, recent
2022 High-Level Political Forum (HLPF). geospatial surveys have revealed vast mineral
This VNR aims to assess the progress deposits such as bauxite, rutile, gold and
made on all the Sustainable Development steel etc. to support large scale extractive
Goals (SDGs) and identify the key action industries. To attract private sector
required to accelerate the implementation investment Government has been working
and achievement of the SDGs on which on creating an enabling environment, and is
Malawi is lagging behind. Further, the VNR planning to establish special economic and
will facilitate the sharing of experiences, processing zones.
including the successes, challenges and
lessons learned, with a view to accelerating To harness these opportunities, Malawi
the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. has developed its new vision, the Malawi
2063 (Mw2063) which articulates the vision
Malawi has a youthful population with more of transforming Malawi into an inclusive
than half of its population being between 10 wealthy and self-reliant industrialised upper-
and 35 years old. The youth are key actors middle-income country by the year 2063.
in environmental, educational, political, Mw2063 is being operationalised by the
and economic change. Several youth Malawi 2063 First 10-year Implementation
programmes are being pursued to ensure Plan (MIP-1). MIP-1 has domesticated SDGs
that the country benefits from demographic by incorporating the achievement of the
dividends in its quest to achieve inclusive 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
wealth creation and self-reliance. in the remaining Decade of Action as one
of its two key milestones; and that SDGs are
The majority of the population largely implemented through the local structures.
rely on rainfed agriculture. Malawi has
since initiated an economic diversification This VNR assesses the progress that has
drive to enhance agricultural productivity been achieved so far in the implementation
and commercialization, including: the of the SDGs; and proposes solutions that
maximisation of the country’s irrigation will ensure that Malawi fast-tracks the
potential; promotion of value addition implementation of the SDGs which are
on agriculture commodities like oilseeds, lagging.
sugar cane, and tea; and manufacturing of
3
2.0
METHODOLOGY AND PROCESSES
OF THE REVIEW
The Report covers all the 17 SDGs. The VNR The CTC which was co-chaired by NPC and
integrated the ‘Leaving No One Behind’ the Department of Economic Planning and
principle, including various marginalised Development (EPD) The CTC provided
groups in the process. Principally, the secretarial, operational and logistical support
VNR assessed and presented: (i) SDGs to all VNR structures and led the VNR
implementation progress; (ii) challenges preparations from inception to production
and mitigation measures; (iii) SDGs of the Report. Other members of the CTC
domestication process; and (iv) institutional included the Directors of Planning of
capacities to coordinate, monitor and relevant MDA, representatives of academia,
engage with different stakeholders. The CSOs, development partners and private
Report also covers cross-cutting issues such sectors.
as gender, environment, climate change, and
governance while emphasising the principle TWGs were formed to lead specific
of leaving no on behind. processes covering interest constituencies
of the population including youth, women,
2.1. Coordination and Review children, people with disability and CSO.
Mechanisms Relevant MDA with legal mandate around
The coordination and governance structure the interest area led the processes. For
comprise three levels, namely National instance, consultations for the youth were
Steering Committee (NSC), Core Technical led by National Youth Council of Malawi
Committee (CTC), and Thematic Working (NYCOM) in collaboration with the Ministry
Groups (TWGs). The National Planning of Youth.
Commission (NPC) was the secretariat and
provided operational and logistical support 2.2. Data Collection and Sources
to the governance structures. The CTC compiled key secondary data sources
that was used for the Report, including policy
The NSC was responsible for policy documents, evaluation reports, survey reports
oversight throughout the VNR process to and development plans both national and
ensure adherence to the general guidelines. international. The National Statistical Office
The NSC consists of key MDAs, UN (NSO) updated the SDG Matrix using the
most recent data available on each indicator.
agencies, development partners, private
Different stakeholders were engaged and
sector, academia, religious groups and CSOs.
4
consulted to assess how various groups are CTC developed a concept and road map
participating in the planning, implementation that guided the execution of the 2022
and monitoring of the SDGs at various levels VNR processes. The official launch of the
as well as assess their satisfaction with the commencement of the 2022 VNR process
implementation of the SDGs. A series of key which served as a platform for briefing the
stakeholder engagements were held to ensure general public on the same, was held on 9th
that all the information collected was a true March 2022. The launched helped to publicise
reflection of the status of the implementation and create awareness among Government
of the SDGs in Malawi. Most of the meetings and non- state actors; and outline expected
were conducted physically through face-to- contributions from key stakeholders to ensure
face interviews, while other engagements the success of the VNR process. Further,
were conducted through radios, U-reporting, the consultations which were conducted to
Microsoft Forms (online), and phone in radio supplement secondary data contributed to the
programmes among others. To ensure no-one raising of awareness on the SDGs and related
is left behind, special and marginalised groups processes among citizenry. A drafting retreat
including women, children, youth, persons comprising officials from MDAs, CSOs and
with disability and albinism were included in UN agencies was held to analyse the data and
the VNR processes. draft the Report. Further, the retreat operated
as a space for the drafting and reviewing key
2.3. Major processes messages emanating from the Report.
To build on the success of the 2020 VNR, As part of the VNR publicity and awareness
2022 process started with the holding of raising drive, a video documentary and other
a reflective workshop to reflect on the visual productions were developed throughout
lessons gained from Malawi’s participation the VNR process. The documentary and the
in that regard. Learning from the successes Report were both subjected to a validation
and shortcomings of the 2020 VNR, process.
5
3.0
POLICY ENVIRONMENT AND
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
3.1. Ownership of the SDGs and the Committees (ADCs) and Village
VNRs. Development Committees (VDCs) and
On the onset of the implementation of for their use and participation in the
the SDGs in 2016, Malawi undertook process.
extensive awareness campaigns to ensure
stakeholders and the general public is The consultation revealed that local
aware and own the SDGs. The SDGs structures implement SDGs, however the
were translated into local languages to focus is on SDGs that directly speak to
ensure the masses understand the SDGs. their needs. SDGs that are less common
The copies were distributed to the local at community level are SDGs 8, 9, 10,
councils and the Area Development 11, 12, 14 and 17. At national and sub-
Figure 1 Development Planning in Malawi
6
national levels, all SDGs are prioritized. economy and achieve most the SDGs by
However, the weighting of importance 2030. The process of developing the MIP-
as assessed by funding and number of 1 was substantively consultative to ensure
interventions vary according the interest of that Malawi’s development programming is
development partners active in the district. bottom - up.
3.2. Integration of the SDGs in National
Frameworks. MIP-1, therefore, operate as a framework
In January 2021 the country launched the for the achievement of the SDGs. Basing on
Malawi 2063 (MW2063), succeeding the the system-generated statistics in Figure 2
Vision 2020 after its expiry. MW2063 charts below, it is evident that overall, the alignment
Malawi’s new development trajectory with of MIP-1 to SDGs is at 81.62 percentage.
the aim of achieving an upper- middle Specifically, at goal level, the alignment of
income status by the year 2063. MW2063 MIP-1 to SDGs is at 98.53 percentage,
reflects the collective aspirations of the signifying that MIP-1 aligns to almost all the
people of Malawi to achieve inclusive wealth 17 SDGs. At target level, alignment was at
creation and self-reliance for economic 72.19 percent of the total 169 targets, while
independence. To facilitate the realisation 53.48 percentage alignment at indicator level
of the aspirations of Mw2063, Malawi has was generated, out of the 244 indicators.
adopted the mechanism of a series of 10-year Further, MIP-1 is in tandem with the African
implementation plans, MIP-1 being the first Union Agenda 2063 at a 73.6 percent rating
of such series. MIP-1 aims to raise the status of alignment.
of Malawi to that of lower middle-income
Figure 2 Alignment of MIP-1 to SDGs in Malawi
7
3.3. Integration of the Economic, Social budget allocations. In the 2022/2023 fiscal
and Environmental Dimensions year, the Human Capital Development
Malawi recognises the importance of Enabler which includes, education, gender,
addressing the economic, social, and and health sectors was allocated a total of
environmental issues which affect sustainable K902.9 billion, representing 36 percent of
development. In view of this, development the total national budget. The allocation
plans at all levels from the Village Action demonstrates the commitment of the
plans (VAPs) to the National Development Government in the integration of the SDGs
Plans (NDP), have integrated economic, dimensions through the national budget.
social, and environmental issues, see Figure Figure 3 indicates that between the 2021/2022
1 above. At the national level, the integration and 2022/2023 fiscal years, the allocation
of economic dimension is manifested to the Human Capital Development
through the inclusion of wealth creation Enabler (which addresses social issues)
rated pillars of Agriculture Productivity increased by 40.6 percent; the Agriculture
and Commercialisation, Industrialisation Productivity and Commercialisation Pillar,
and enabler of Private Sector Dynamism Industrialisation Pillar, and Private Sector
while social and environment dimensions Dynamism Enabler combined increased
are highlighted under Human Capital by 16.5 percent; and the Environmental
Development and Environmental Sustainability Enabler increased by 205.3
Sustainability enablers respectively, under percent. The increase in the budget
Mw2063 and MIP-1. allocations confirms the commitment of the
Government in the integration of the three
The integration of the three dimensions dimensions of the SDGs in Malawi.
has also been manifested through fiscal
165.8
Environmental Sustainability
54.3
197.8
Economic Infrastructure
165.9
902.9
Human Capital Development
642.3
0 200 400 600 800 1000
2022/2023FY (Billion-MWK) 2021/2022 FY (Billion-MWK)
Figure 3 Increased Government Commitment in Integration of the three SDGs Dimensions
Figure 1: Increased Government Commitment in Integration of the three SDGs Dimensions

8
3.4. Leaving No One Behind are deliberately incorporated in the key

Malawi pursues inclusive wealth creation decision-making processes including being
and self-reliance agenda. The particular given leadership roles. For instance, various
emphasis on the inclusivity is driven by the marginalised and vulnerable groups are
desire to ensure that no one is left behind. represented in the VDCs, ADCs, and
Thus, the marginalised groups including District Executive Committees (DECs)
children, youth, women, elderly and persons which are key structures for development
with disabilities must participate and benefit planning and implementation at the
from the conceptualisation, implementation sub-national level. The involvement of
and realisation of development programmes marginalised and vulnerable groups in the
and aspirations. design, planning and implementation of
development programmes continues to
The country has enacted various entrench and enhance ownership, especially
pieces of legislation and put in place in relation to the youth. It was however,
“ various strategies to ensure that no

one is left behind as the country
expressed that prisoners are usually left out
in development programming.
progresses
As the Government continues to empower
marginalised and vulnerable especially the
While implementing the SDGs, Malawi has youth, there is still a room for improvement.
taken a strong stand against discrimination The youth are completing education with
on the ground of age, sex, marital status, little prospect of securing a job, or engaging
religion, political or other opinion, ethnicity in entrepreneurial activities, especially in
or social origin, disability, birth or other rural areas. The majority of the youth
status or condition, including HIV status. lack employable skills due to few skills
training centres in the country. This calls
The country has enacted various pieces of for the creation of entrepreneurship and
legislation and put in place various strategies employment opportunities especially in the
to ensure that no one is left behind as the agriculture sector, among and other sectors
country progresses. Marginalised groups with diverse value chains.
9
The rural people are satisfied with efforts resources with the development partners
being made in empowering people that augment government resources. This has
live in the remote and hard to reach areas ensured that each SDG on minimum is
through programmes like the Affordable being implemented in the country.
Input Programme and National Economic
Empowerment Fund. Despite such The domestication of the SDGs
inclusions, communities feel that there is still in MW2063 and MIP has also
a room to ensure persons with disabilities, ensured that government, with its
people living with HIV, child headed
households, female headed households and
“ Convening power is able to mobilize
stakeholders towards a common
the elderly are effectively empowered. Two goal.
groups that have need completed side-lined
in the development discourse are prisoners The domestication of the SDGs in MW2063
and street kids. There is therefore need to and MIP has also ensured that government,
enhance efforts towards interventions of with its Convening power is able to
the said groups to ensure inclusivity. mobilize stakeholders towards a common
goal. Government leadership through
Disability inclusion is an essential element the National Planning Commission and
of the development framework in Malawi. Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs
Achieving the Agenda 2030 requires a is crucial for effective implementation of
deliberate and systematic inclusion of SDGs and in Malawi. The establishment
persons with disabilities. Through the of the PECGs has provided a well-
Disability Rights Fund, several interventions coordinated platform for ensuring planning
have been implemented including awareness and implementation of SDGs reflects the
of the rights of persons with disabilities interlinkages and complementarity nature
and mainstreaming disabilities into various of the SDGs. As progress in one SDG,
strategies and policies. To ensure that no for example in education, tend to have
one is left behind, there is still need for complimentary interventions in other
improvement in disability mainstreaming, SDGs like health, gender etc as such they
especially in budgeting and legislative, and have to be planned and implemented in
policy reforms to realise the enjoyment of holistic approach. To ensure ownership
rights; and meaningful participation of and and sustainability, PECGs are chaired by
engagement with persons with disabilities MDAs. Government has also committed to
to enhance their contribution to the provide seed funds for operationalised of
development process. coordination groups for the first time.
3.5. Institutional Mechanisms The PECGs with technical support from

With the domestication of the SDGs the National Planning Commission are
into the national development plans, the responsible for report progress of MIP-1
government has ensured that SDGs are pillars and enablers. Each year, the National
financed and implemented through local Planning Commission organizes National
structures. At National and subnational Development Conference which brings
level, the domestication has result in SDGs deferent stakeholders to review progress
being financed through the domestic in the implementation of the development
10
plans in transparent and inclusive way. discriminatory cultural ideals and improving
women’s rights. Harmful practices toward
3.6. Systemic Issues and Transformative women continue due to the persistence
Actions of cultural attitudes. Mentorship and male
Child marriages: Child marriage poses key involvement have proven to be effective
challenge to the achievement of SDGs. In in preventing harmful practices and
2017 Malawi amended legal marriage age to empowering young girls and women.
18 for both boys and girls, however many
cases of child marriage continue to rise. Climate change and environmental
Nearly two out 5 of women aged 14 and degradation: Climatic shocks are ravaging
24 years are married by the age of 18. The Malawi with increasing regularity and
impact of child marriage is severe on girls. intensity. Key climatic shocks include floods,
This negatively affects children’s education strong winds, drought pests and cyclones.
hence leading to school dropouts, which In 2022, Malawi has had to brace tropical
affects future livelihood opportunities as cyclones Ana and Gombe in 2022 which
well as health of the girls (morbidity and have affected around two hundred thousand
mortality). The girls are at risk of early households. These natural disasters especially
pregnancy injuries such as fistula. Child the recent cyclones have the potential to
marriage also contributes to high birth rates, reverse the gains made. Key SDGs which are
a major factor driving Malawi’s population affected by the climatic shocks are SDG 1,
growth. 2, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14 and 15. Malawi has digitized
early warning systems, and implementation
The Malawi government and other of climate smart agriculture has seen
stakeholders are partnering with the reducing the impact of climatic shocks on
communities to break the social norms loss of lives and livelihoods respectively
that enable child marriages. Scaling up
community responses to child protection. Environmental degradation has contributed
The government is strengthening community to the increase in climatic shocks. The fragile
responses to child protection. This includes state of Malawi’s environment poses critical
increasing the number of child protection challenges to both human development
services such as victim support groups, and economic growth. To address these
frontline child protection workers and challenges, the government and stakeholders
children’s corners, safe environments for are working together to advance
recreation, child rights education, life skills Malawi’s low emissions, climate resilient
education, management of HIV/AIDS, and development, and developing a strategy for
provision of psychosocial support. combating deforestation and improving
forest governance. Site based interventions
In addition to child marriage, gender-based to address drivers of deforestation and
violence is prevalent in Malawi where one help generate livelihood opportunities for
in five young women experiences sexual vulnerable households.
violence, and nearly 40 percent of married
women have experienced intimate partner Macroeconomic Instability: As aftermath
violence. While adequate policies exist, of Covid-19 and Ukraine war, Malawi has
Malawi faces challenges in breaking down experienced macroeconomic instability
11
characterised by general price spikes of key are key policy ensures which have potency
commodities, forex shortages, and widening to change the narrative in the fight against
debt stocks. The macroeconomic vitality is corruption. These measures are resulting in
pushing poor people deep into poverty and revelations of corruption cases which are
wiped the recent economic gains the country being investigated and prosecuted.
has registered.
COVID-19: The COVID-19 pandemic
The government taken swift corrective has slowed down economic activity and
measures to address macroeconomic increased poverty, particularly in urban areas.
imbalances. Such measures have included Malawi’s large informal sector exacerbated
the devaluation of the Malawi kwacha to vulnerability, and given the already limited
align the exchange rate, countercyclical fiscal space, government’s ability to cushion
monetary policy to stabilises the prices, the livelihoods of its citizens and provide
announced measures to cut public spending social services. To control the spread of
and undertake debt retiring measures. In the corona virous, government announced a
medium to long-term, the government is number of control measures. Closure of
putting up measures to diverse the economy schools, specifically, contributed to increase
and build the productive capacities of private in child marriages and teen pregnancies
sector to ensure Malawi is insulate from which threatens to erode gains registered in
import induced macroeconomic volatilities. goals 3, 4 and 5. Considering the disruptions
in trade, tourism, investment and remittance
Corruption: Since the return of multiparty flows, economic growth slowed to 0.8
democracy in 1994, Malawi has recognised percent. The slowing down of economic
the devastating effects of corruption to activities due to Covid-19 was estimated to
development and social fabric. Corruption push around 1.6 million1 people, mainly in
ranges from petty bribery to state capture. rural areas, into temporarily poverty.
Capacitating of the corruption fighting
agencies and free media is bearing results The multidimension impacts the COVID-19
as decade long corruption cases are pandemic has had in Malawi poses clear risk
coming to light. Government is taking against meeting the Sustainable Development
decisive measures for instance firing of top Goals. As immediate mitigation measures,
government officials including presidential the government reduced the liquidity reserve
advisors and cabinet ministers to answer ratio for banks, waived fuel taxes and non-
corruption charges. tourist levy to support the tourism industry.
To recovery and restore the economy and
To systematically fight the vice, the livelihoods of Malawians from the adverse
government has empowered the anti- impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, Malawi
corruption agency and other governance developed Covid-19 Socio-Economic
institution by among others ensure adequate Recovery Plan (SERP). The SERP provide
funding and they work without politic remedial strategic interventions that will
influence. The recent enactment of the set the country to build back better in the
Access to Information law and development economic recovery by resuscitating green
of the National Anti-Corruption strategy economic activity that’s waved off or stalled.
12
4.0
GENERAL PROGRESS ON SDG’S
4.1. Progress on Goals progress has been made towards goals 2,

To assess the progress on the indicators 3, 4, 6, and 14 with moderate progress
that the country reports on, the level of on goals 5, 7, 8, 9, 13, and 17. There is
progress that has been achieved under little or no progress on goals 1, 10 and
each goal has been mapped, see Table 1 15 while there is no sufficient data to
below. The results show that significant assess progress on goal 11, 12, and 16.
Table 1 Snapshot of SDGs progress
Sustainable Development Goals Level of Progress Progress Rating
GOAL 1
Little to No Progress
No Poverty
GOAL 2
Significant Progress
Zero Hunger
GOAL 3
Good Health and Well-being
GOAL 4
Quality Education
GOAL 5
Moderate Progress
Gender Equality
GOAL 6
Clean Water and sanitation
GOAL 7
Moderate Progress
Affordable and Clean Energy
GOAL 8
Moderate Progress
Decent Work and Economic Growth
Goal 9
Industry, Innovation, and Moderate Progress
Infrastructure
Goal 10
Reduce Inequalities
13
Goal 11
Insufficient Data
Sustainable Cities and Communities
Moderate Progress
Decent Work and Economic Growth
Goal 9
Industry, Innovation, and Moderate Progress
Infrastructure
Goal 10
Reduce Inequalities
Goal 11
Insufficient Data
Sustainable Cities and Communities
Goal 12
Responsible Consumption and Insufficient Data
Production
Goal 13
Moderate Progress
Climate Action
Goal 14
Life Below Water
Goal 15
Little to no progress
Life on Land
Goal 16
Insufficient Data
Peace Justice and Strong Institutions
Goal 17
Moderate Progress
Partnerships for the Goals
Color Coding
Significant progress/likely to meet
Moderate Progress
Insufficient Progress
Insufficient Data
14
SDG 1 NO POVERTY
Overview Progress
SDG 1 calls for ending poverty in all its Indicator 1.1.1 Proportion of population
forms everywhere. It aims at ensuring below the international poverty line $1.90
that the entire population, especially the per day: The share of Malawians living
poorest and most vulnerable have equal below the international poverty line of $1.90
rights to economic resources and access to per day has increased from 71.4 percent in
basic services. In line with the SGDs, Mw 2015 to 73.5 percent in 2019.
2063 aims to transform the economy to an
upper middle-income by 2063. Its 165.8Indicator 1.1.2 Proportion of the
countrySustainability
Environmental
“inclusive wealth creation and self-reliance”54.3 population living below the national
agenda entails increasing the incomes of poverty line: The proportion of people
all citizens to improve quality of life 197.8
their Infrastructure
Economic below national poverty line has marginally
165.9
without leaving anyone behind. declined to 50.7 percent in 2021 from
51.5 percent in 2016. This improvement
902.9
Since the last VNR, Malawi
Human Capital has made
Development is attributed 642.3to the strengthening of the
marginal improvements in reducing poverty. implementation of various social protection
However, people across the country, 0 200 programmes.
400 600 For 1000
800 the country to halve the
especially rural women,2022/2023FY
children, youth, and
(Billion-MWK) 2021/2022 FY (Billion-MWK) 2030, there is need to
poverty levels by
persons with disabilities indicate that their intensify poverty reduction programmes.
poverty status has worsened. The increase in Figure 4 highlights the trend of the national
poverty levels was mainly attributed to the poverty line against the 2030 target
rising cost of living
Figureand poor performance
1: Increased Government Commitment in Integration of the three SDGs Dimensions
of the agriculture sector which is a major The levels of poverty are higher among
source of income for a larger percentage of the rural residents and is estimated at
the population. 56.6 percent, while the estimate for urban
60 51.7
50.2 50.7 50.73
50
40
Percentage
30 25.1
20
10
0
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Year
……… SDG Target

National Poverty Level and Trends
Figure 4 Poverty trend in Malawi
Figure 2: poverty trend in Malawi
15
Ending of
Poverty in
Malawi
residents the estimate is at 19.2 percent. Ultra-poor: 20.5 percent of the population
Poverty among the urban residents increased are currently classified as ultra-poor an
from 17.7 percent in 2016 to 19.2 percent in improvement from 24.5 percent in 2016.
2021. Proportion of the population that is
16
Indicator 1.2.2 Proportion of men,

women and children of all ages Gaps and Challenges
living in poverty in all its dimensions • High population growth undermining
according to national definitions: The progress towards poverty reduction
recent novel measure of multidimension as the demand for essential goods
poverty has shown that 61.7 percent of and services has increased faster than
Malawians are multidimensionally poor. available capacity to provide the same;
Intra-gender analysis reveals that more • Limited access to financial services
female-headed households (72.3%) are which adversely affect the ability of
multidimensionally poorer that their citizens to engage in income earning
male-headed household (58.1%) activities; and
• High level of corruption which has
Indicator 1.3.1 Proportion of negatively affected the performance
population covered by social protection of poverty eradication programmes
floors systems. Malawi has intensified its across the country.
social protection programmes, currently
covering 293,522 household beneficiaries Lessons Learnt and Opportunities
with 1,284,633 individuals (about 7 • Bottom-up development planning
percent of the country’s population) has enhanced community ownership
from 290,036 households in 2020 across of poverty eradication projects,
all 28 districts. In addition to the regular empowering citizens to blend-in
Social Cash Transfer Programme (SCTP), locally generated innovations.
Government reached out to 144,104 in • There are several innovations
the cities with the COVID-19 Urban Cash initiated by ordinary Malawians.
Intervention. These initiatives positively impacting
the livelihoods of Malawians; and
Social protection programmes, have • The recently introduced Malawi
intensified currently covering 293,522 Multidimensional Poverty Index,
“
household beneficiaries with 1,284,633 which compliments monetory
individuals (about 7 percent of the poverty measures allows for the better
country’s population) from 290,036 perception of multiple deprivations
households in 2020 suffered by the people, hence better
and targeted policy formulation.
Interventions under Goal 1
The country is implementing several pro- Specific Recommendations
poor policies and programmes with the • Promote and support community
aim of reducing poverty which include: cooperatives to enhance economic
• National Social Support Programmes empowerment among citizens;
aimed at reducing poverty and hunger; • Scale up social protection
improving school enrolment for the interventions, increasing financial
ultra-poor and labour-constrained and material support to match the
households; and providing capacity worsening poverty levels; and
to earn more incomes; and • Scale up mind-set change programmes
• Implementation of the Affordable and showcase successful innovations
Inputs Program (AIP) which has by ordinary Malawians to inspire
increased agriculture production and hope and optimism.
household incomes.
17
SDG 2 ZERO HUNGER
Overview at the community level. The effects of

Despite the adverse effects of climate climate change and the general rise in
change and the long-term effects of commodity prices are key risks to the
COVID-19 pandemic, Malawi is making achievement of this Goal.
progress in its effort to end hunger
and all forms of malnutrition. Malawi Progress
scores 21.3 percent on the Global Health Indicator 2.1.1 Prevalence of
Index Severity Scale compared to the undernourishment: Between 2000
regional average of 27.1 percent . Such and 2019 Malawi reduced prevalence of
improvements have been recorded undernourishment by 19.8 percent to
due to improved food security in the 17.3 percent. Significantly, the number
country owing to increased agricultural of people vulnerable to perennial hunger
productivity in recent years. For instance, has declined. As of the 2021/22 farming
in 2020/21 almost all crops recorded seasons 1,496,396 people (8 percent of
significant increments in production the population) required food assistance,
with maize registering about 21 percent a 43 percent decrease from the preceding
increase . year.
Despite such strides, this VNR reveals Indicator 2.2.1 Prevalence of stunting
that poor people continue to face some among all children under 5 years
challenges to accessing quality food of age: Stunting has reduced from 55
SDG Indicator 2.2.1: Prevalence of stunting
55
(%)
60 53
47
50
37 35.5
40
Percent
30
16.8
20
10
0 0.0
2000 2004 2010 2016 2019 2022 2025 2030
Prevalence of stunting SDG Target
Figure 5 Prevalence
Figure 1:of Stunting
Prevalence in Malawi
of Stunting in Malawi
18
Trends in nutritional status of children
National food reserves
SDG Indicator 2.2.1: Prevalence of stunting

55
(%)
60 53
47
50
37 35.5 Woman harvesting her maize
Girl eating food she recieved
40 from WFP
Percent
30
16.8
percent in 2000 to20 37.0 percent in 2016 5 years of age, by type (underweight,
10
then to 35.5 percent in 2019. However, wasting and overweight): The
0 0.0
the prevalence is still2000higher
2004 than
2010 the 2016 prevalence
2019 2022 of overweight,
2025 2030 and wasting
regional prevalence of 32.4 percent. have been declining while underweight
Figure 5 shows the prevalence of stunting have worsened from between 2016
among under 5 children in Malawi.
Prevalence of stunting and SDG2019,
Target see Figure 6. Despite
marginal increase in the prevalence of
Indicator Figure
2.2.2 Prevalence
1: Prevalence of
of Stunting in Malawi underweight, the long-run trend has been
malnutrition among children under declining since 2000 (20 percent) to 2019
Trends in nutritional status of children

25
Percentage of children under age 5 who
20
20 17
15 13 12.8
are malnourished
11.7
10 8.3
9
8 8
7
6
5 5 4.4
4
3 2.6 2.0
0 0.6
2000 2004 2010 2016 2019 2022 2030
Overweight Wasting Underweight
Figure 6 Figure 2: Trends

Prevalence in nutritional
of Stunting status of children
in Malawi
19
(12.8 percent). The prevalence took a dip • Digital platforms offer opportunities
from 11.7 percent recorded in 2016. for Malawi to digitize agricultural
services. However, digitisation has
Interventions under Goal 2 not gained traction given limited
The increased food security in the connectivity in rural areas and high
country has been as a result of: initial cost.
• Affordable Input Programme which
subsidize farm inputs for poor Gaps and Challenges
households has led to increase of • Inadequate frontline staff for
agricultural productivity; extension services, which was made
• Intensified irrigation development worse by Covid-19 with regard to
increasing the areas under irrigation limited contact, has been the major
by 22.5 percent since the last VNR challenge in the sector and resulted
• Enhanced implementation of in low adoption of improved and
nutrition programmes through sustainable agriculture production
stakeholders such as Community- technologies; and
based Management of Acute • Climate change remains the
Malnutrition, Treatment Severe major challenge to the attainment
Acute Malnutrition, Infant and of Goal 2, as most agricultural
Young Child Feeding and Afikepo. activities continue to rely on rain-
fed agriculture. Natural disasters
Lessons Learnt and Opportunities especially the recent cyclones, have
• Building climate shock resilient the real potential to reverse the gains
farming communities is key to made.
safeguarding poor households from
the effects of shocks such as floods, Specific Recommendations
droughts and pest infestation; • Ensure well-functioning structured
• Adoption of innovations such as agricultural markets that can generate
parametric and weather index micro high farmer incomes, release
insurance has helped the farmers to agricultural labour and stimulate
become more climate resilient and demand in the other sectors of the
food secure; economy;
• The use of community structures • Strengthen extension services by
in the delivery of nutrition among others, recruit additional
programmes has ensured efficiency, nutrition and agriculture frontline
effectiveness and ownership. workers; and
Malawi is implementing nutrition • Enhance irrigation farming, and the
programmes through community- adoption of modern agricultural
based structures; and technologies.
20
SDG 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
Overview disability-friendly infrastructure as key

Malawi recognises the importance of challenges.
health to sustainable development. The
country has made significant progress Progress
and is likely to meet most of the targets Indicator 3.1.1: Proportion of births
under SDG 3. Among others: under five attended to by skilled health personnel
mortality; neonatal mortality; and malaria (%): The attendance of a skilled and
related deaths have declined. Lack of data competent health worker at every birth
on some indicators, however, remain a is a critical intervention in reducing the
big challenge. risks of morbidity and mortality to the
mother and baby. Figure 7 indicates
The VNR consultations revealed that an increase in the proportion of birth
despite Malawi making such progress, attended by skilled health personnel,
communities -especially women, the from 90 percent in 2016 to 96.8 percent
youth, and persons with disabilities, in 2021. The increase indicates that the
continue to experience long distances SDG target of 100 percent is likely to be
to health facilities, limited access to achieved by 2030.
reproductive health services and lack of
120
100
96.8 100
80 90
Percent (%)
60 71
55.6 56
40
20
0
2000 2005 2010 2016 2021 2030
Year
Figure 7: Percentage of birth attended by skilled health personnel
Figure 7 Percentage of birth

133
attended by skilled health personnel
140
120 112
100
Rate /1000
80
63
21
56
60
Nurse helping a mother and her underfive baby
Indicator 3.2.1: Under-five mortality by 2030. Figure 8 shows that the under-
rate: Malawi has achieved a significant five mortality rate has declined from
reduction in under-five mortality and 63/1000 live births in 2016 to 56/1000
remains on course to achieve the SDG live births in 2021 representing a 11.1
target of 25 deaths per 1000 live births percent decline over a period of 5 years.
Figure 8 Under-five mortality rate in Malawi
22
Indicator 3.2.2: Neonatal mortality the UNAIDS global target of 95%, 95%,
rate: Neonatal deaths contribute 30 95% respectively by 2025. AIDS related
percent of under-five deaths and deaths have also decreases from 72 000
remains one of the main direct causes per year in 2006 to 11,000 in 2021.
of high infant and child death in Malawi.
Neonatal mortality marginally declined Indicator 3.3.3: Malaria Incidence:
from 27 deaths per 1000 live births in Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity
2016 to 26 per 1000 in 2019, representing and mortality in children under five
3.7 percent drop. years and pregnant women. As of 31
December 2021, malaria incidence stood
Indicator 3.3.1 HIV Incident rates for at 361 cases per 1,000 population while
all age groups: It has decreased from death is at 13 per 100,000 population.
1.58 in 2018 to 1.13 in 2021, whilst the The malaria incidence has consistently
incident rates for those between 15-49 decreased in recent years. Records show
has also decreased from 0.28 in 2018 to incidence decreased from as high as
0.19 in 2021. Currently, about 5 percent 386 malaria cases per 1,000 population
of the country are living with HIV 95 in 2015 to 361 cases per 1,000 in 2021.
percent of HIV positive know their On the other hand, Malaria death rate
status, 92 percent of those who know reduced by 43 percent from 23 per
their HIV positive status are on treatment, 100,000 in 2015 to 13 per 100,000 in
87 percent of those on treatment have 2021, see Figure 9.
the HIV virus suppressed. This is against
450 25
400 23 23
DEATHS/100,000
386 393 385
350 353 19.6 361 20
MALARIA CASES/1000
323
300 16.9
286 15
250 13 13.49 13.49
200
10
150
MALARIA
100 5
50
0 0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
YEAR
Figure 9 Malaria incense and motarity rates in Malawi

Figure 9: Malaria incense and motarity rates in Malawi
Indicator 3.7.1: Proportion of women progress in mCPR in Malawi . However,

of reproductive age (aged Child 15-49Marriage
the unmet need for family planning for
years) who have their need for family unmarried women is remain high at
planning satisfied
Poor with 10 modern 44.8 percent (compared
49
to 15.4 percent
methods: There has been gradual among married). The problem is more
Richest 3
19
23
Urban 8
41
pronounced for teenagers where unmet the progress on some of the key health
need for family planning for unmarried related SDG indicators. For instance,
aged 15-19 is significantly high (71.5 access to and utilisation of Maternal,
percent). This has huge bearing on teen Neonatal Child Health (MNCH) services
pregnancies and population growth in was greatly affected. The COVID-19
Malawi. pandemic has therefore made the need
for serious investments in the health
Interventions under Goal 3 system apparent to ensure that Malawi
Malawi through the Ministry of Health has a stronger and better prepared
and partners is implementing several holistic health systems with the necessary
interventions with the aim of improving capacity to respond to and prevent health
the health status of the population shocks.
including:
• Introducing 8 antenatal clinic visits Challenges
in 2019 to increase contacts with Some of the critical barriers include the
service providers and enhance early following:
initiation of ANC and identify • Distance to the health facility and
danger signs at the earliest stage; periodic drug stockouts;
• Intensifying trainings on the • Lack of medical equipment and
perceived Quality Improvement infrastructure;
areas to improve the survival of new- • Reliance on survey data which is
borns. Training included, standards periodic and, therefore affects the
of care, helping baby’s breath, tracking of progress on different
resuscitation of new-borns, including health related indicators; and
in standards of cares, helping babies • Health financing continued to heavily
breathe, resuscitation of new-borns, rely on external support.
and Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC);
• Continuing the recruitment, Specific Recommendations
training and deployment of Health • Consider hybrid financing
Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) mechanisms to ensure adequate
specifically trained to manage the resource flow;
treatment of common childhood • Enhance the health administrative
illnesses in the community; and data system to ensure evidence-based
• Increasing the availability of decision making; and
infrastructure through the • Strengthen health systems to ensure
construction of health posts/village that traditionally marginalised groups
clinics. especially women, girls and persons
with disabilities, have access to
Lessons Learnt and Opportunities quality services, including Sexual
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed and Reproductive Health and Rights
the limitations, inadequacy and weakness (SRHR) and COVID-19 testing and
of the health system in Malawi and has, vaccination services.
to a larger extent, negatively affected
24
SDG 4 QUALITY EDUCATION
Overview Progress
The growing youthful population in Indicator 4.1.1: Proportion of children
Malawi is exerting excess pressure on at the end of primary achieving
the existing education infrastructure, a minimum proficiency level in
learning materials, and education human reading, Mathematics, and organized
resources. The Government of Malawi learning: The proportion of children
with support from partners, is working achieving at least a minimum proficiency
tirelessly to ensure that access to and level in reading has improved from 66.4
quality of education is enhanced. The percent in 2016 to 74.3 percent in 2021.
youth and children commended the As for mathematics for lower primary
efforts being taken to ensure equitable school, the proficiency has improved by
and quality education, citing the number 3.4 percent to 44.5 percent in 2021 as
of schools and vocational centres that compared to levels in 2016.
have been constructed thereby reducing Indicator 4.1.2: Completion rate (primary,
distance that children used to take to lower secondary, upper secondary):
access education. However, inadequate Although there has been a significant
number of teachers was frequently cited improvement in the primary education
as a key challenge compromising the completion rate, standing at 56 percent
quality of education in Malawi. in 2020, as shown in Figure 10, there is
Figure 10 Primary completion rates
25
Figure 11 GPI in Primary School
Primary School Students Secondary School Students
University of Malawi Graduation
26
still a long way to achieve 100 percent Radio Instruction (IRI) manual
completion rate. which is now being aired through
different media platforms. The
For secondary education, the completion country is also capacitating
rate has remained fairly constant. caregivers and constructing more
However, the year-to-year analysis shows centres to enhance Early Childhood
a slight improvement from 19 percent to Development (ECD);
22.1 percent in 2020. A gender analysis • Increasing education infrastructure
shows more males completed secondary by constructing Teacher Training
education relative to their female Colleges (TTCs) for primary and
counterparts. There is need for more secondary school teachers, and
effort if the target is to be achieved by constructing and rehabilitating
the year 2030. primary and secondary schools to
increase access;
Indicator 4.5.1: Gender Parity Index • Enrolling special needs student
(GPI): Figure 11 shows that there was teachers as a way of ensuring that no
equality between the enrolment of boys one is left behind; and developing the
and girls in primary school in 2015 and Special Needs Education Curriculum
2016. Further, the Figure 11 shows for the Open and Distance e-Learning
marginal bias in enrolment of girls over (ODeL) Diploma programme;
boys from 2017 to 2020. • Recruiting and deploying primary
The Malawi Gender Parity Index (GPI) and secondary school teachers in
for secondary education shows that schools to reduce the high pupil
there has been a marginal improvement teacher ratio;
between 2017 (0.90) and 2020 (0.97). • Abolishing some fees in secondary
2021 results indicate that the GPI stood education like tuition, General
at 0.94, hence a drop from the previous Purpose Fund and Textbook
year due to COVID-19 pandemic. The Revolving Fund has improved access
country is likely to achieve the target to secondary education;
of 1 at the current trend and if efforts • Providing bursaries to students in
to improve the same will be scaled up. secondary schools; and
Despite high parity in enrolment, there • Introducing Life Skills Education
are huge disparities in the transition rates has contributed to the development
to secondary and tertiary with more boys of social and emotional skills, gender
advancing than girls. equitable attitudes and resilience.
Interventions under Goal 4 Lessons Learnt and Opportunities

• Implementing Open Distant • The educational value of pre-school,
Learning (ODL) starting with the even in its care-focused form, is an
development of the Interactive important part of a comprehensive
27
education programme; and the growing population of school

• The school feeding programme has going children;
proved to be effective in increasing • Strengthen the implementation of
access to basic education particularly Grade Promotion Policy (2018) to
for orphans and other vulnerable address the high repetition rate;
children. • Construct resource centres for
supporting special needs education in
Gaps and Challenges schools, and build the competencies
• Poor infrastructure and under-skilled of teachers to teach learners with
caregivers, hence limited accessibility disabilities.; including ensuring they
of ECD; are adequately equipped among
• High pupil-qualified teacher ratio others;
hinders effective teaching and • Develop a robust ICT connectivity
learning; infrastructure that facilitates universal
• School closures driven by the access to education, bridges learning
COVID-19 pandemic have resulted divides, supports the development
in repetition, and drop out. The of teachers, enhances the quality and
situation was worse in vulnerable relevance of learning, strengthens
children such as children with inclusion, and improves education
disabilities; and administration and governance;
• The number of learners with special • Introduce remote learning for
learning needs has been growing. children with disabilities, including
However, there is low access to through accessible digital learning
quality education among learners and materials; and return to school
with special educational needs at programmes that address learning
all levels; low capacity of teachers gaps; and
to support learners with special • Develop a clear policy foundation
education needs; lack of disability- and legislative framework for ECD
friendly infrastructure; and limited to ensure alignment with primary
availability of assistive devices. education; have adequate funding;
ensure training of the ECD personnel
Specific Recommendations in pedagogy and child development;
• Train more teachers to reduce the have better infrastructure; and
high pupil teacher ratio; provide a curriculum that goes
• Construct more schools to support beyond caregiving.
28
SDG 5 GENDER EQUALITY
Overview activities; and the noticeable decrease in

Gender equality and the empowerment incidents of gender-based violence.
of women is embedded within the
framework of MW2063, which is Malawi’s Progress
blueprint for development. Further, the Indicator 5.1.1: Existence of Legal
Constitution of the Republic of Malawi Frameworks in place to promote,
recognises gender equality as a principle enforce and monitor equality and non-
of national policy; and provides for the discrimination based on sex: Malawi
right to equality and non-discrimination, continues to conduct legislative reforms
and the protection of the rights of and enact various gender-related laws to
women. This framework is further enhance the empowerment of women,
consolidated by the Gender Equality gender equality, and violence prevention,
Act which defines and enhances the mitigation, and response; including:
mechanisms for ensuring gender equality the Gender Equality Act; Prevention
and the empowerment of women. of Domestic Violence Act; Marriage,
Government continues to mainstream Divorce and Family Relations Act;
gender in all programmes, projects and Deceased Estates (Wills, Inheritance and
plans with the aim of achieving gender Protection) Act; Trafficking in Persons
equality. Since the last VNR, Malawi Act; HIV and AIDS (Prevention and
has adopted and launched the National Management) Act; and the Chiefs Act
Action Plan on Women, Peace and which strengthen the legal framework
Security and facilitated the development governing the role of chiefs in eliminating
of gender policies and prevention of violence against women and girls) .
sexual harassment policies (a statutory Further, Malawi has initiated a process
requirement under the Gender Equality that systematically identifies key legal
Act) in education institutions and public provisions which directly or indirectly
institutions. contribute to gender inequalities. From
the legislation reviewed, (17 out of
Community consultations revealed that 26 pieces of legislation) were found
the interventions being carried out to to be gender neutral or gender blind.
ensure gender equality have started to Furthermore, Government facilitated the
yield results. Local leaders and women review of the National Plan of Action
attested to the improvement in the on Women Economic Empowerment;
involvement of women in leadership and, under the leadership of the Ministry
positions; their participation in economic of Gender, developed the National
29
Male Engagement Strategy to promote of women aged 20-24 years who were
a gender transformative approach that married by age 18 has declined from 46.3
ensures that males take a leading role percent in 2016 to 37.7 percent in 2021
450 25
in the elimination
400
of violence
23 23 against representing a drop of 18.6 percent.
DEATHS/100,000
386 393 385
women. 350 353 19.6 This is a promising trend in as far as this
361 20
MALARIA CASES/1000
323
300 16.9indicator is concerned.
286 15
Indicator 5.3.1:250
Proportion of women 13 13.49 13.49
200
aged 20-24 years150who were married or Results further indicate
10 that one in five
MALARIA
in a union before
100 age 15 and before (21 percent) young5 women aged 15-
age 18: The proportion
50 of women aged 19 years are currently married; young
0 0
20-24 years who were2015
married
2016 by 2017
age 152018 women
2019 in rural
2020 2021 areas (23 percent) are
has declined to 7.6 percent in 2021 fromYEAR more likely to be currently married than
12.5 percent in 2016 representing a 14.6 their urban counterparts (10 percent),
percent drop. Similarly, the proportion see Figure 12.
Figure 9: Malaria incense and motarity rates in Malawi
Child Marriage
Poor 10
49
Richest 3
19
Urban 8
41
Rural 4
22
Malawi 8
38
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Married by 15 Married by 18
Figure 12: Child Marriage in Malawi

Figure 12 Child Marriage in Malawi
Indicator 5.5.1: Proportion of seats held The average percentage of female

by women in (National parliaments, representation in national assembly
local managerial positions, Judiciary is currently at 21 percent comparing
and Foreign Service): Malawi has made with 16.7 percent during the 2014
substantial progress in empowering election. Female representation in local
women to take up decision making seats. government assemblies is currently at 14
At the level cabinet, current female percent from 11 percent in 2014, the same
representation stands at 40 percent. rise has been seen in the proportion of
Female representation in public senior women in judiciary and foreign services
management has now increased to with representation of 32 % and 45%
26 percent from 24 percent in 2016. respectively.
30
16 days of activism against GBV
Figure 13 GBVs in 2021
31
Interventions under Goal 5 better results.

• Increasing responsiveness to Violence Gaps and Challenges
Against Women and Girls (VAWG) • Harmful cultural practices, and
through enhancing coordination strong religious and traditional
and capacity building at the national, beliefs that perpetrate gender-based
district, community level, including violence remain some of the greatest
traditional structures, resulting challenges in the fight against Sexual
into significant improvements in and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).
referrals to relevant services. In 2021, Women and children continue
Government resolved 12,000 cases of being victimised due to the harmful
gender-based violence, up from 9,000 cultural beliefs and practices in their
in 2020. The increase in number of community;
cases resolved has been attributed to • While an adequate legal framework
the training of first respondents of exists, the public and non-
gender-based violence in all referral governmental sector responses
pathways, including: community to SGBV are under-resourced,
victim support unit members; police; uncoordinated, and inadequate, often
health officers; and the courts; resulting into the poor dissemination
• • Revamping sessions of local of policies at the sub-national level;
leaders and committee members • Inefficient data management
in the community to increase the (collection, storage, and analysis)
awareness of gender-related issues in of GBV data amongst stakeholders
the communities; and mainstreaming resulting to programming and policy
of gender into decision making decisions devoid of gender-related
processes at council level; evidence.
• Supporting the top GBV hot spots
in 6 districts with the capacity to Specific Recommendations
induce community-led interventions • Strengthen coordination through
to tackle social norms and harmful joint planning, implementation and
practices; and help in case and referral review of gender interventions using
management; and PECGs;
• Upgrading the Child Protection • Prioritise the efficient and effective
Information System and the Gender implementation and enforcement
Based Violence Information of existing gender-related laws;
Management System which has and strengthen accountability
helped in the provision of up-to- mechanisms to fast-track progress in
date data on the number of cases addressing gender gaps; and
recorded. • Meaningfully engage with women
• Lessons Learnt and Opportunities and girls to address the structural
• The efficient and effective utilisation drivers of gender inequality; and
of existing gender-related national invest in the education of girls, social
policies and legislation is yielding protection and health services.
32
SDG 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
Overview campaigns on hygiene. Citizens however

In Malawi, 52 percent of the total called the intensification of modern
disease burden has been caused by interventions of piped water which are
sanitation related factors. Diarrhoea alone being implemented in specific areas.
accounts 7 per cent of under-five deaths
(approximately 2,800 deaths in 2016). Progress
Recognizing the importance of access to Indicator 6.1.1: Proportion of
safe drinking water and good sanitation, population using improved water
Malawi has strengthened efforts to address services: 87.9 percent of population
water, sanitation and hygiene challenges. (97.9% urban areas and 86.1 percent rural
These efforts have led to improvements areas) have access to improved sources of
in most of the WASH indicators. Both drinking water. Although this is a slight
urban and rural communities expressed increase from 87 percent achievement in
satisfaction with improved access to safe 2016, the long run trend suggests Malawi
water and sanitation over the years owing it is likely to meet the target as in Figure 14.
to the construction of boreholes and mass
Population using improved drinking water (%)

120
100 87 100.0
80
80 65
Percent
60 47.5
40
20
0
1994 2004 2010 2016 2020 2025 2030
Population using improved drinking water service SDG Target
Figure 1: Proportion of people using improved water
Figure 14 Proportion of people using improved water
Urban and rural households relyrateon

Annual growth of realtap
GDPor per
standpipe
capita (33 percent). Whereas for
different sources8 of drinking water. rural areas 55 percent rely on boreholes,
The main sources of drinking water for 35 percent piped water and 10 percent
6
Percentage
5.7
urban households are piped water in their protected
5.4 wells.
4 4 4.4 3.9
dwelling or yard (41 percent)
2.8 and public Despite strides in improving availability of
2 2.5
0.8
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
33
Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita
safe water, some sections in Malawi walk an hour to access safe water as shown in
for long distances to access water. Overall, Figure 15.
about 27% of the population walk for over
Figure 15 Distance to Water Source
Indicator 6.2.1 Proportion of population the urban setting at 92 percent while in the
using improved sanitation services: 80 rural areas the rate is at 78 percent
percent of the population in Malawi uses Proportion of population with a hand
improved sanitation facilities. The use of washing facility: At national level, 28
improved sanitation facilities is more in percent of the population uses basic
34
Figure 16 Proportion of population with hand washing facility
hand-washing facilities, 46 percent uses • Outdated policy documents and a weak

limited facility while 25 percent have no water supply and sanitation legislation
hand washing facility. The rural-urban that does not address most crucial
dichotomy still exists with only 13 percent issues affecting the WASH sector;
of the urban population do not have a • Absence of an independent regulator
hand washing while for rural it is as twice. for the water supply and sanitation
sector; and
Interventions under Goal 6 • Post ODF Slippage activities were
• Installing gravity fed piped systems; scaled down due to COVID-19.
• Constructing multipurpose dams;
• Drilling of boreholes and installation Specific Recommendations
of solar powered pumps; and • Construct disaster and climate resilient
• Constructing sanitation facilities in water supply systems which would
public institutions. withstand shocks from floods, drought
etc; construct sanitation and hygiene
Gaps and Challenges facilities with strict adherence to
The sector faces challenges that require standard and consideration for adverse
urgent attention for sustained efforts: conditions such as drought and floods;
• Frequent malfunction of water supply • Create an enabling environment to
systems due to perpetual disasters like incentivise private sector to supply
floods, drought, vandalism; water point spare parts and sanitation
• Shortage of skilled artisanal and repair products at affordable rates; and
parts shops, especially in the rural • Establish a regulating body to ensure
areas; there is order in the sector.
35
SDG 7 AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
clean fuels and technology: According

Overview to IHS5 and IHPS3, the proportion of the
Malawi’s sustainable economic growth population in Malawi that use clean fuels
and industrial development depends on and technologies in 2019 was estimated
the availability of energy from sources at just 12.4 percent. This means that a
that are affordable, accessible, reliable, larger population of Malawi use non-
and sustainable. Currently the country is clean fuel, while the use of alternative
grappling with shortage in power generation sources of energy has remained low over
and supply that has led to frequent power the past two decades. It is well known that
outages and a backlog of customers who continued reliance of non-clean fuel leads
are yet to be connected. Hydro remains to worsening high levels of indoor air
the main source of energy for Malawi with pollution and adverse health impacts.
solar, wind and thermal (coal, geothermal
and biomass) as alternative sources. Indicator 7.2.1: Renewable energy share
in the total final energy consumption:
The VNR has revealed that despite limited The use of renewable energy technologies
access to national grid, the majority of represents a major opportunity for
households are using solar powered lamps. economies around the world when it comes
The challenge remains in access to cooking to tackling climate change. Renewable
energy where the majority still use biomass energy includes energy derived from
especially firewood. hydro, solid and liquid biofuels, wind, solar,
biogas, geothermal, marine, and waste.
Progress Therefore, this indicator focuses on the
Indicator 7.1.1 Proportion of population amount of renewable energy consumed
with access to electricity: There has been rather than the capacity for renewable
an increase in proportion of population energy production, which cannot always be
connected to the national grid from 11.2 fully utilized. The 2021 renewable energy
percent in 2019 to 19 percent in 2021. Out share in the total final energy consumption
of this, 44.5 percent of the households in Malawi increased slightly to 9 percent
in the urban areas and 2 percent of the from 7 percent in 2016.
households in the rural areas have access
to electricity Interventions under Goal 7
• Malawi is Accelerating electricity
Indicator 7.1.2 Proportion of generation and supply with
population with primary reliance on interventions covering the entire
36
value chain of electricity generation sustainable production and efficient

from various sources, transmission, use of biomass. Over two million clean
and distribution. Since the last VNR, cookstoves have been distributed and
the 19.1MW Tedzani IV and 10MW are being used in households across
Ruo-Ndiza hydropower plants were Malawi.
commissioned. A 60MW JCM solar
power plant was also commissioned Lessons Learnt and Opportunities
as the first ever largest solar plant • Grid densification and expansion
connected to the Malawi Grid. Other coordinated with off-grid
generation and transmission projects electrification are the most cost-
which are already underway include the effective ways of bringing electricity
development of a 350MW Mpatamanga access to new communities;
hydropower plant and construction of • Availability of a long-term clean
the 400kV Mozambique to Malawi cooking strategy helps in driving
Interconnector which is expected to sectoral transformation and avoiding
add over 125MW into the grid using deforestation; and
renewable energy sources. • Since most interventions in the energy
• Malawi Rural Electrification sector are capital intensive, blending
Programme (MAREP) and Malawi finance to reduce perceived risks
Electricity Access Project (MEAP) and dedicating limited public finance
are currently under implementation to to economically viable projects can
connect at least 892,000 households catalyse private investment. Donor
to the grid. Apart from this, ESCOM capital, grants and some concessional
Limited is also implementing other financing can be used in activities that
grid densification programmes are not fully commercially viable, while
targeting a minimum of 100,000 Market-based financing can be used in
customers per year. This is expected to commercial activities with a lower risk.
achieve 30 percent access through grid
connections by 2026. Gaps and Challenges
• Scaling up off grid systems with • Reduced availability of power supply
development of mini-grid and from renewable resources, mainly
provision of solar systems to hydro, due to extreme weather events.
households which are away from the In the first half of 2022, blackouts
grid is expected to contribute the in Malawi increased from less than 1
remaining 70% access target. To date, hour to at least 4 hours a day. This led
about 6.6% of the population has to a slight increase in the consumption
access to electricity through off grid of solid fuels;
solutions. • Increased siltation of reservoirs
• To address overreliance on biomass and blockage of turbines due to the
(firewood, charcoal, agricultural and flooding caused by deforestation,
industrial wastes), Malawi is promoting posing reliability and resilience risks
37
to the generation system which is • Existing transmission and distribution

dominated by hydro run-of-river infrastructure have operated for
plants cascaded on the Shire river. decades without proper maintenance.
Low rainfall and dropping water levels The growing demand has put lots of
in Lake Malawi have also contributed transmission and distribution lines,
to significant power shortages; and substations into overload status,
• Demand planning is not updated - leading to increased outages and
current sector plans go into detail posing threats to sustained economic
on energy generation scenarios but growth.
provide a limited analysis of expected
energy needs. ESCOM has been Specific Recommendations
provided with the E-Terra Platform by • Demand Side Management can play
USAID and the Plexos software by the an important role in making Malawi’s
World Bank, which should facilitate power system more cost effective.
the regular development of updated Efficiency projects already ongoing
demand estimates; and committed can offer 94MW of
• Energy efficiency potential is not being demand saving by 2023, representing
captured as there is limited consumer up to 18% of projected demand.
information, low awareness, limited • Better forecasting and improved
technical capacity and a funding efficiency can drive down costs across
deficit; and the power sector.
38
SDG 8 DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Overview Progress
MW2063 is grounded in the aspiration of Indicator 8.1.1 Annual growth rate
inclusive wealth creation and self-reliance GDP: Real GDP growth rate estimate
with the aim of transforming Malawi into an for 2020 dropped to 0.8 percent from
industrialised upper-middle income country 5.4 percent in 2019, the drop being
by the year 2063. Malawi has, in recent attributed to COVID-19 effects. In 2021,
years, been registering positive economic the economy rebounded and grew by
growth, albeit low due to the effects of the 3.9 percent. This uptick followed the
COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters. relaxation of the COVID-19 preventive
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant measures. Consequently, the resumption
impact on the labour market; at its peak, of economic activities boosted growth in
approximately 9 percent ofPopulation the labour most economic
using improved drinkingactivities,
water (%)including: mining
force stopped working 120
. A large share of and quarrying, accommodation and food
small family-owned100 businesses reported services,
87
transportation,100.0wholesale and
earning less revenue from sales after March 80 retail, health, agriculture, electricity, water
80 65
2020. In addition, 88 percent of businesses and gas and manufacturin.In 2022 growth
Percent
60 47.5
in the services sector reported lower or is anticipated go upward reaching 4.1
40
no sales revenue. During the VNR, most percent, which is still lower than the SDG
Malawians, especially20 the youth, lamented target of 7 percent. However, for Malawi to
the lack of job opportunities. According to
0 achieve the middle-income status by 2030,
1994 2004 2010 2016 2020 2025 2030
the consultations, the situation emanated itwater
Population using improved drinking is supposed
service to register
SDG Targeta 6 percent growth
from the lack of robust industries with the annually. Figure 17 summarises the growth
Figure 1: Proportion of people using improved water
capacity to generate jobs; and corruption, rates since 2014
which resulted in underserving individuals
getting jobs.
8
6
Percentage
5.7 5.4
4 4 4.4 3.9
2.8 2.5
2
0.8
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
SDG Target
Linear (Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita)
Figure 17 Malawi’s Annual growth rates since 2014

Figure 2: Malawi's annual growth rates since 2014
39
Indicator 8.5.2 Unemployment rate, by percent, a drop from 21 percent in 2014.

sex, age, and persons with disabilities: Unemployment is higher among females
The population census revealed that the than males, at 20.3 percent and 16.6
unemployment rate is currently at 18.5 percent respectively, see Figure 18.
Unemployment Rate
30 26
21 20.3
18.5
Percentage
20 16.6
14
10
0 Unemployment Rate
Total Male Female
26
30
21 Year 20.3
18.5
Percentage
20 16.6
14
10 2014 2018
0
Total Male Female
Figure 18: Unemployment levels in Malawi Year
Figure 18 unemployment levels in Malawi
2014 2018
Indicator 8.6.1 Pr-oportion P R O PofO R Tyouth

ION OF YO are
U Tidle
H NO isT still
I N higher, with about 29.6
(aged 15-24 years) Enot D U Cin
A T Ieducation,
O N , E M P L O Y M percent
E N T O Rneither
T R A I Nin
I Nschool
G nor employment.
Figure 18: Unemployment levels in Malawi
31.56
employment, or training: Figure 19 Nevertheless, this is an improvement from

29.59
shows that the percentage of youth who the 31.6 percent recorded in 2017.
21.7
PROPORTION OF YOUTH NOT IN

EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT OR TRAINING
31.56
29.59
21.7
2014 2017 2020
Figure 19: Proportion of youth not in education, employment or training
2014 2017 2020
Figure 19: Proportion of youth not in education, employment or training

Figure 18 Proportion of youth not in education, employment or training
Interventions under Goal 8 Public and Private Sector Training

• Introduction of youth skills Programmes (PPSTP);
development initiative through • The ‘Jobs for Youth Project’ which
technical colleges in rural areas under seeks to economically empower
the TEVET Authority under the young women and men for improved
40
employability in decent work and Gaps and Challenges

sustainable entrepreneurship in • Growth of the economy has
Malawi. The project is expected to been negatively affected by the
create an estimate of 17,000 jobs COVID-19 pandemic;
by end 2021; • Lack of resilience to shocks, which
• Introduction of Government has led to the failure to provide
Youth Internship Programme for a buffer to households’ real per
college graduates in 2018 which has capita disposable income;
been increasing annually reaching • High illiteracy rates among the
to 10,181 graduates as of 2022; youth, which limits the adoption of
• Introduction of the Malawi new skills and methods to improve
Economic Empowerment Fund productivity; and
(MEEF) loan scheme for the youth • Limited access to financial services
and women from age 18 to 65 by the poor. Commercial back lack
involved in small scale businesses; incentives to serve the poor.
and
• Malawi Value Chain Addition Specific Recommendations
Development program. This is a • Invest in resilience programmes;
project, which intends to identify • Intensify financial literacy and
and promote value chain across inclusion programmes; and
the main economic programs (in • Incentivise commercial banks to
agriculture, textile and mining) serve the poor.
41
SDG 9 INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Overview in improving the connectivity of different

MW2063 emphasises the centrality of areas through the construction of main
inclusivity and sustainability in the pursuit roads; thus, contributing towards the ease
of industrialisation through innovation of doing business.
and the building of resilient infrastructure,
among others. An inclusive and sustainable Progress
industrialisation drive that is underpinned Indicator 9.1.1. Proportion of the rural
by innovation will transform the economy population who live within 2 km of
from being predominantly consuming and an all-season road (%): In 2015, the
importing to predominantly producing and proportion of the rural population living
exporting, while creating jobs and income within 2 km of an all-season road was 23
in the process. MW2063 recognizes that percent. Several interventions have since
economic infrastructure, specifically been implemented to improve accessibility
transport, ICT, and energy. are pivotal to over the past seven years, including the
accelerating the growth of the economy. construction and rehabilitation of paved
During the VNR process, most Malawians road networks. Currently, the Malawi has
bemoaned the poor state of the roads across about 4,772 km of paved road networks,
the country. This was attributed to the lack an increase from 4,496 in 2019. Over
of maintenance, and the effects of climate three-fourths of the paved road network
change. It was, however, acknowledged is in good and fair condition since 2019,
that there was some progress being made see Figure 20.
Paved Roads and their Condition

4900 78.5
4800 78
4700
4600 77.5
4500 77
4400 76.5
4300 76
4200
4100 75.5
4000 75
2016 2018 2019 2020
Length of classified paved road network (KMs)

Paved classified road network in good and fair condition (%)*
Figure
Figure 1: Status of roads in Malawi

Figure 20 Status of roads in Malawi
Manufacturing contribution to overall GDP 42

Indicator 9.2.1.: Manufacturing value production because of the disruption in

added as a proportion of GDP per global supply chains. In 2021, growth in
capita (contribution of manufacturing the sector slightly increased to 4.3 percent.
Paved Roads and their Condition
to overall GDP): Figure 21 shows that the The driving force behind the uptick was
4900 78.5
manufacturing sector
4800 currently contributes the improved capacity78utilisation brought-
12.2 percent to the
4700
4600
overall GDP. on by increased demand 77.5 for the country’s
This is an 4500 improvement from a products as the COVID-19 77 restrictions
4400 76.5
contribution of4300 11.8 percent which were lifted and normal76economic activities
was registered 4200
in
4100 2019. Growth in the resumed. 75.5
manufacturing sector fell
4000
2016
from the20187.6 2019 2020
75
percent attained in 2019 to 4.2 percent in There is, however, need for more vibrant
Length of classified paved road network (KMs)
2020. The decline in growth was largely efforts if Malawi is to meet the target of
Paved classified road network in good and fair condition (%)*
caused by the inability of companies 20 percent by 2030. Figure
to import essential raw materials

Figure 1: Status of roads in Malawi for
Manufacturing contribution to overall GDP

25
20 20.0
15
Percent
12.2
10
10
4.3
5
0
2010 2016 2020 2025 2030
Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP SDG Target
Figure 21 StatusFigure 2: Manufacturing

of roads in Malawi contribution to overall GDP
Proportion of population covered by a

mobile network
100
80
60
40
20
0
Network 2G 3G 4G
2016 2021
Figure 22 Figure
Proportion of 22: Proportion
population of population
covered by mobile covered
networkby a mobile network
Effects of Disasters
12
43
Indicator 9.c.1 Proportion of population ∙ Effective coordination and

covered by a mobile network, by collaboration among players in
technology: 2G,3G,4G: The proportion the ICT sector is key to ensuring
of the population covered by a network harmonised investments and reducing
in general has increased from 44 percent the duplication of efforts; and
in 2016 to 63 percent in 2021. There has ∙ Allowing competition in the ICT
been a drop from those covered by 2G sector is key to reducing monopoly
from 95 percent to 84 percent; however, and addressing the market prices.
those being covered by more advanced
networks of 3G and 4G have improved Gaps and Challenges
from 32 percent to 84.4 percent and from ∙ COVID-19 lockdowns had a huge
15.8 percent to 68.6 percent, respectively. impact on the manufacturing and
Based on the current trend, Malawi is transport industry;Floods have
more likely to meet the target of covering contributed negatively towards
100 percent of the population by 2030. conditions of roads and progress of
construction works in several projects.
Interventions under Goal 9 ∙ Floods have contributed negatively
∙ Construct and rehabilitate roads; towards the condition of roads and
∙ Government engagement with the the progress of construction and
operators of mobile networks, leading rehabilitation works in several projects;
to revised affordable internet charges; ∙ Poor condition of airports, resulting
∙ Provision of free Wi-Fi in key public in most airlines preferring not to
areas such as airports, hospitals, operating in Malawi;
schools, and markets; and ∙ Few players in the provision of mobile
∙ Erection of towers in the rural networks and internet services; and
areas through the Last Mile Rural ∙ High data prices as compared to the
Connectivity project to ensure broad regional rate have deterred internet
and inclusive coverage. penetration.
Lessons Learnt and Opportunities Specific Recommendations

∙ Improved rural accessibility ∙ Accelerate the devolution of
facilitates the trade and exchange responsibilities to the sub-national
of commodities. The delivery of level within the transport sector
social services in rural areas and to allow for decision making and
transportation of goods generally implementation at that level;
is enhanced due to the efficiency ∙ Revamp marine transport to enhance
and cost-effective benefits that are the accessibility of lakeshore
triggered by the ease of accessibility; communities and ease pressure on
∙ Continuous engagement with the road transport; and
operators of mobile networks is ∙ Formalise infrastructure sharing to
critical to addressing affordability minimise operating costs of service
issues in relation to the provision of providers.
internet services;
44
Bakili Muluzi Bridge (Mangochi)
Bingu National Stadium
Area 18
Interchange
45
SDG 10 REDUCED INEQUALITIES
Overview persistent in most communities with wealth

Malawi is particularly focusing on being concentrated in a few individuals.
reducing inequality among different The consultations, however, revealed that
groups. MW2063 embodies the aspiration such inequality was not necessarily biased
of inclusive wealth creation and self- towards a specific group, but was affecting
reliance that seeks to ensure that all the members of the communities equally.
Malawians participate in and benefit
from the development initiatives being Progress
implemented towards the year 2063, Indicator 10.1.1: Growth rate of
hence leaving no one behind. The household per capita expenditure:
country is making strides, though slowly,
There has been an overall increase in the
in narrowing inequality among its people.
However, Malawi is lagging behind other household per capita expenditure since
countries in economic development and 2013, with the latest data in 2019 indicating
needs to accelerate economic growth a per capita expenditure of $514. GDP per
for the country to catch up, and possibly capita has also steadily increased since the
move beyond. Inequality was seen to be last VNR to $603 in 2020.
Figure 23 Household per capita expenditure
46
The per capita expenditure and income security at the household and national
conceal different experiences within the level and reduce poverty through
population. Using the Gini Coefficient increased access to farm inputs;
to capture the intensity of the inequality iii. Jobs for Youth project, which seeks to
shows that inequality has declined between economically empower young women
2016 and 2020. The Gini Coefficient has and men for improved employability
declined to 0.379 in 2020 from 0.423 in decent work and sustainable
in 2017. Inequality is higher in urban entrepreneurship. The project is
areas at 0.390 compared to 0.332 in rural expected to create an estimated 17,000
areas. Though there has been significant jobs and 6,000 businesses for the
progress in curbing inequality, the state of youth;
the inequality is still a cause for concern. iv. Credit Initiative under the National
Economic Empowerment Fund
(NEEF), which aims to improve access
Indicator 10.5.1.: Financial Soundness to credit and economic opportunities
Indicators (Non-Performing Loans for SMEs; and
Ratio): Malawi Non-Performing Loans v. Technical and vocational skills
Ratio stood at 6.2 percent as of October development programmes for the
2020, compared with the ratio of 4.3 youth that aim to capacitate the
percent in the previous year. Though the youth so that they can explore
rate is higher compared to the previous entrepreneurships, and are employable
year, it remains in the acceptable ranges. by the market-based companies.
Indicator 10.7.1.: Implementation of Lessons Learnt

well-managed migration policy: Upon ∙ Long term programmes addressing
successfully implementing the National inaccessibility to education and jobs is
Migration Policy which run from 2016, key to sustainably address inequality in
Malawi is in the process of developing the medium and long term.
the migration successor policy that will
focus on efficiency and effectiveness in
the management of migration to ensure Gaps and Challenges
the delivery of high-quality services to its ∙ Limited fiscal space for the
migrants. Government to effectively deploy
policies and programmes to address
Interventions under Goal 10 ravaging inequality. Most investments
To reduce inequalities among the in social protection programmes are
population, Malawi is implementing a made by donors;
number of interventions, including:
Specific Recommendations
i. Social protection programmes which • Reform social protection programmes
include the social cash transfer scheme, to ensure that they build the capacities
school meals programme and public and capabilities of the poor and
works programme under the Malawi marginalised towards wealth creation
National Social Support Programme and self-reliance.
II (MNSSPII);
ii. AIP, which aims to improve food
47
SDG 11 SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
Overview Indicator 11.3.1 Ratio of land

Malawi is among the fast-urbanising consumption rate to population
countries in the world, with an annual growth rate: The rapid population
urban population growth rate of 5.3 growth has also increased land
percent. In the period between 2011 and consumption in Malawi. The high
2020, the urban population has sharply population growth has resulted into
risen from 2,344,863 to 3,333,777 high demand for residential land and
people, representing a 42.2 percent agriculture land. This is evidenced by the
increase. It is projected that 30 percent informal expansion of residential land
of the population of Malawi will be development in the major cities of the
mainly urban based by 2030, and the country. Between 2010 and 2019, land
share of urban population is expected consumption increased by 38 percent,
to rise to 50 percent by 2050. Managing while population growth reduced on
rapid urbanisation is, therefore, average by 0.2 points. This is evidenced
necessary for the sustainable physical, in the reduction in agriculture land by 0.7
social, and economic development percent, forest area by 15.6 percent and
of the cities and urban centres of the arable land by 2.6 percent in the same
country. Consultations revealed shared period.
sentiments across the different interest
groups on the state of housing. Findings Interventions under Goal 11
show that there has been a tremendous ∙ Development of National Physical
shift in the use of grass thatched houses Development Plans, District
to modern houses with iron sheets. Physical Development Plans, Village
Physical Development Plans as well
Progress as Urban Structure Plans guided by
Indicator 11.1.1 Proportion of Urban the Physical Planning Amendment
Population Living in Slums: The Act, 2022. Government is also
rapid urban population growth has developing Land Use Policy, rolling
been largely due to high rural-urban out Customary Land registration
migration. 17 percent of the urban process which will control the sale of
population were migrants. The increase customary land, thereby controlling
in urban population has brought the land consumption rate and
about several challenges, including the unplanned developments.
development of slum, especially in the ∙ The development of slum upgrading
major cities of Malawi. 65.1 percent of program has been initiated and is
the urban population was living in slums currently at an inception stage.
and informal settlement as of 2018, an ∙ Malawi has developed a Secondary
improvement from 67 percent in 2016. City Plan to spur establishment of
48
well-planned secondary cities to Challenges

address the needs of the increasing ∙ Slow pace of development and
urban population. institutionalization of Physical
∙ The government is constructing Development Plans at all levels;
sports stadia and rural roads to ∙ High youth unemployment rate is a
respond to the dynamic needs of major contributor urbanization; and
the rural urban population and ∙ Economic instabilities.
deliver sustainable socio-economic
development.
Specific Recommendations
Lessons Learnt ∙ Accelerate development of the
∙ Initiatives aimed at job creation in identified secondary cities to offer
the rural areas are vital for managing well planned urbanization option
the rural-urban migration. beyond the existing cities.
Blantyre City (Southern Region)
49
Proposed Designs
of Secondary Cities
in Malawi
50
SDG 12 RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND

PRODUCTION
Overview National Tourism Investment Plan. All

Sustainable consumption and production these six strategies and policies have robust
contribute to the MW2063 aspiration of action plans and M&E frameworks to
inclusive wealth creation and self-reliance guide their operationalisation and tracking
by ensuring the recognition and protection of progress. The recent National Tourism
of the intra- and inter-generational Investment Plan has actually identified
interests of Malawians. The pursuit of flagship projects to be prioritised for
economic development within the context sustained tourism development in Malawi.
of MW2063 is, therefore, driven by the
recognition and acceptance of the need Interventions under Goal 12
to transition towards low-carbon and ∙ Establish modern dump sites and
green economies. Historically, economic associated infrastructure to support
progress has been associated with recycling in cities and towns within the
environmental degradation, threatening next two years (By 2023). This shall
the prospects for future progress, and be achieved by ensuring that there is
the interests of future generations. In adequate and proper waste disposal,
Malawi, growing urbanisation has brought treatment, and recycling of waste; air
about the challenge of waste management and water pollution management; and
which, if not checked, will only worsen prudent water resource management;
with the industrialisation drive espoused ∙ Implement the Agriculture
by the MW 2063, and negatively affect the Commercialisation project which
general wellbeing of Malawians. will provide producer organisations
with matching grants to increase
Progress their production and enable them
Indicator 12.b.1 Number of sustainable procure value addition equipment and
tourism strategies or policies and machinery;
implemented action plans with ∙ Create an enabling environment for the
agreed monitoring and evaluation involvement and participation of the
tools: Malawi has several policies private sector in waste management.
and strategies to promote its tourism Malawi is already experiencing the
industry, including: National Tourism emergence and flourishing of private
Policy; Health and Safety Guidelines enterprises in waste management;
for Tourism and Hospitality Industry ∙ Facilitate capacity building initiatives
in Malawi; National Tourism Marketing and reorganise value chain players into
Strategy; National Tourism Development formidable groups to ensure that they
Strategy; Ecotourism and Protected Area are commercially viable; and
Management Investment Strategy; and ∙ Partner with research institutions
51
Food production using good farming practices
and the private sector to reduce food ∙ Explore innovative mechanisms

loss and waste. Local initiatives like for financing such as Public Private
village grain banks, community seed Partners; and
revolving fund and pic bags are already ∙ Limited structured markets with
effectively reducing post-harvest proper storage facilities for agriculture
losses in Malawi. produces has greatly contributed to
post-harvest losses
Challenges and Recommendations
∙ Enforce adherence to the Lessons Learnt
environmental protection guidelines ∙ Attempts to modify and influence
and laws; and enhance collection and consumer behaviour have proven to
sharing of accurate data pertaining to yield positive outcomes. This entails
waste management; direct communication and the creation
∙ Construct proper waste (solid of awareness on the importance of
and liquid waste) management reducing food loss and waste; and
infrastructure as the country has no ∙ Capacity development in the form of
properly functioning landfills, waste infrastructure development, including
recycling and waste water treatment the provision of small processing
plants; machines, education, training and
∙ Formalise engagement with private extension services for farmers and
sector to encourage more operators; all actors across the food chain, has
establish guidelines for data provision proven to be a key tool for reducing
and safety standards; food loss and waste.
52
SDG 13 CLIMATE ACTION
Overview the effects.

Malawi is experiencing various devastating
climatic shocks that have increased in Progress
frequency and intensity in the last two Indicator 13.1.1 Number of deaths,
decades. The most notable shocks have missing persons and persons affected
been erratic rainfall, droughts, prolonged
Proportion of population by thecovereddisaster
by aper 100,000 people:
dry spells, floods and strong winds. This According to the Malawi Post-Disaster
has caused a lot of socio-economic losses mobile networkNeeds Assessment (PDNA) of 2015, it
and damages, including
100 the significant was estimated that the number of deaths
reduction in agricultural
80 production, due to the 2015 disaster was 2 deaths per
resulting in the worst
60 food crises in specific 100,000 people, and 3 missing persons per
years such as 2016, 40
which saw 39 percent 100,000. The total number of affected
of the population being food insecure. persons by disaster was 1,101,364 in 2015.
20
Most recently, tropical cyclones Ana and In 2022, during the tropical storm Ana,
0
Gombe have affected around
Network
two hundred 2G
the number
3G
of affected
4G
persons is 495,967.
thousand households. Households Out of this figure, 0.1 persons per 100,000
lamented the effects that climate change2016 were 2021 missing. The cyclone further led to
has had on their production as well as 0.3 deaths per 100,000 people, see Figure
household income, calling for resilient 23.by This
Figure 22: Proportion of population covered is network
a mobile an improvement from the 2015
interventions that will hedge them against experience.
Effects of Disasters
12
10
0
Affected persons (in Missing persons/ Deaths/100,000
10,000) 100,000
2015 2022
Figure 24 Effects of disasters 2015 vs 2022

Figure 24: Effects of disasters, 2015 vs 2022
53
Indicator 13.1.2 Adoption and IInterventions under Goal 13

Implementation of the National ∙ Develop and update Disaster Risk
Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies management (DRM) and Multi-
in line with the sendai framework Hazard Contingency Plans (MHCP)
2015-2030: Malawi has adopted and is plans for local councils; and improve
implementing the National Disaster Risk the legislative environment for by
Reduction Strategy. The National Disaster enact the Disaster Risk Management
Risk Reduction Strategy (2016) is in line (DRM) Bill, operationalise guidelines
with the Sendai Framework for Disaster for DRM and Standard Operating
Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Currently, Procedures for disaster response;
all local councils in the country are ∙ Promote production and use of legal
implementing Disaster Risk Reduction and sustainable charcoal;
(DRR) strategies in line with the Sendai ∙ Strengthen implementation of climate
Framework 2015-2030. Malawi is one of change adaptation and mitigation
a few countries in Southern Africa that is actions as outlined in the revised
committed to produce annual reports in Nationally Determined Contribution
line with the Sendai Framework, and has (NDC)
been producing reports annually since ∙ Promote of early warning systems
the adoption of the Framework. Malawi especially digitisation of the same and
also has the National Climate Change integrate indigenous knowledge in the
Management Policy; National Forest early warning systems.
Policy; and National Environmental
Policy. Lessons Learnt
∙ Monitoring, early warning and
Indicator 13.2.1 Establishment or evacuation minimises loss due to
operationalization of an integrated disasters
policy/strategy/plan which increases
the ability to adapt to the adverse Challenges
impacts of climate change, and foster ∙ Poor coordination among
climate resilience and low greenhouse implementing sectors at subnational
gas emissions: Malawi has developed level; znd
and communicated the first, second ∙ Inadequate technical capacity to
and, most recently, the third national implement climate change programs
communications (2021), the first Biennial at subnational level.
Update Report (2021) and the revised
Nationally Determined Contributions Specific Recommendations
(2021) in response to the global call ∙ Promote crop diversification which
of increased climate ambition (action) is effective in improving nutritional
to keep the Paris Agreement Goal of outcomes and assisting households
limiting temperature rise to 1.5 percent to become resilient to weather related
alive. Further, Malawi communicated the shocks; and
Technology Needs Assessment Report ∙ Explore potential financing
(2020) and is in the process of formulating mechanism for climate change related
the National Adaptation Plan (NAP). projects in Malawi.
54
Tropical cyclone Ana Destroys

a bridge, agricultural fields and
houses
55
SDG 14 LIFE BELOW WATER
Overview the country. Along the value chain, over

Despite being a landlocked country, 500,000 people, including women, derive
Malawi has a lot of water bodies, with 20 their livelihoods from fish processing,
percent of the surface area (118,484 sq. marketing, boat building, engine repair
km) covered by freshwater. Lake Malawi is and fishing input supplies. Unsurprisingly,
the largest water body in the country and fish contributes over 60 percent of animal
has more than 1,000 endemic species of protein to the national diet, and 4 percent
fish. Other lakes include Chilwa, Malombe to the GDP.
and Chiuta. Lake Malawi consists of major
fishing grounds for both small-scale and Progress
large-scale fisheries, including ornamental Indicator 14.1.1 Index of coastal
or aquarium trade, pair-trawl and stern- eutrophication and floating plastic
trawl. debris density: The fisheries sector
collects water quality data to determine
The fisheries sector contributes the level of eutrophication. From 2014
significantly to food and nutritional to 2021, the data collected indicates that,
security, livelihoods of the rural in terms of phytoplankton biomass, the
population, and the economic growth of southern region of Lake Malawi is more
the country. Currently, over 67,222 people productive than the central and northern
are directly involved in fishing, mainly for regions. Figure 24 shows improvements/
commercial purposes, while nearly 15,465 maintenance of the water quality over
farmers practice fish farming across time.
2.5
Chlorophyll 'a' (µg/L)
2
1.5
1 2018
0.5 2019
0 2020
2021
Figure 25 Index of coastal eutrophication

Figure 25: Index of coastal eutrophication
56
2021
Indicator 14.3.1 Average marine acidity Lake Malawi have generally ranged from 6.5
(pH) measured at agreed sites of to 8.9, which is within the environmental
representative sampling stations: protection standards as shown in Figure
Figure 25: Index of coastal eutrophication
Average marine acidity (pH) measured at 25. Malawi continues to ensure that the
agreed sites of representative sampling pH is maintained within 8.5.
stations: In terms of acidity, pH values for
10
9
8
average pH
7
6
5 2018
4
3
2 2019
1
0 2020
2021
Figure 26 Average marine acidity

Figure 26: Average marine acidity 173,480 tonnes. The total fish production
Indicator 14.4.1 Proportion of fish has contributed greatly to the per capita
stocks within biologically sustainable fish consumption for Malawians. While the
levels (capture fisheries): An analysis consistent increase in national aquaculture
of the fish catch and aquaculture data production is encouraging, the growth
shows that production has been on the rate is far below the required rate if the
increase annually since 2010 to 2021, with production target of 20,000 metric tonnes
fish landing values ranging from 95,724 to is to be achieved.
Figure 26 Per Capita Fish Consumption
57
Interventions under Goal 14 Gaps and Challenges

∙ Aquaculture Development Project ∙ Unavailability of data in the sector;
- whose overall goal is to promote ∙ Low participation of the private
economic development through sector in the aquaculture value
increased fish production from fish chain;
farming with the active participation ∙ Limited accessibility to high quality
of various stakeholders, particularly farm inputs such as floating feed
the private sector; and fingerlings;
∙ Sustainable Fisheries, Aquaculture ∙ Low adoption of fish farming
Development and Watershed husbandry by the majority of
Management; farmers;
∙ Aquaculture Value Chain Project ∙ Lack of a legislative framework to
- whose aim is to support support the implementation of the
the development of Malawi’s on-going Vessel Monitoring System
aquaculture sector in select (VMS) for the large-scale fishers on
regions to increase the availability Lake Malawi;
of fish products and income ∙ Inadequate capacity support to
from sustainably operated small fisheries infrastructures such as fish
and medium size aquaculture landings, processing and marketing
businesses; along the fish value chain;
∙ Restoring Fisheries for Sustainable ∙ Emergence of fish diseases
Livelihoods Project – whose such as the Epizootic Ulcerative
aim is to conserve Lake Malawi’s Syndrome, and the extended winter
freshwater biodiversity and restore season affected the production of
capture fisheries’ productivity in fingerlings and table size fish;
the lakeshore districts; ∙ Overreliance on natural resources
∙ Scaling-up the use of modernised for livelihoods due to high
climate information and early population growth and an
warning systems; and building undiversified economy; and
climate change resilience in the ∙ Climate change - poor distribution
fisheries sector; and and amount of rainfall affects water
∙ Developing fisheries and levels, threatening the ecosystem in
aquaculture infrastructure. water bodies.
Mulunguzi Dam on Zomba Plateau
58
Lake Malawi
Shire river in Majete Game Reserve Chichlids in Lake Malawi
59
SDG 15 LIFE ON LAND
Overview therefore, require a sustainable approach

About 80 percent of the population in to the exploitation of the environment
Malawi lives in rural areas and depend that recognises, embraces and protects
on natural resources to sustain their intra- and inter-generational interests.
livelihoods. The forestry sector has
become a major contributor to household Progress
incomes as it provides energy, food, Indicator 15.1.1: Forest area as a
timber, and non-timber forest products. proportion of total land area: Malawi’s
Industrial growth has long been associated forests and woodland have degraded at
with increased pressure and demand an alarming rate. Between 2000 and 2020,
on land, and the pollution of water and the country lost around 8.9 percent of
air. Poor Industrial waste management, its forest area as a proportion of total
coupled with the loss of forest cover, have land area, see Figure 27. Since the last
increased the risk of destruction on flora VNR, Malawi has lost 0.4 percent of its
and fauna and endangered species. Malawi forest land. Key causes of forest loss
has to ensure that urbanisation and include the expansion of agriculture land;
industrialisation is achieved in a manner unsustainable charcoal production; and
that preserves the environment. The expansion of residential areas.
pursuit of economic development will,
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion

of total land area (%)
35.0
30.0 32.7
25.0 28.2
20.0 26.0 25.6 25.1 24.7 24.2 23.8
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Figure 27 Forest Area of Total Land

Figure 28: forest loss
60
Indicator 15.5.1: Red List Index: livelihood from charcoal production;

The Red List Index measures change in ∙ Enhance national land titling
aggregate extinction risk across groups of to promote tenure security and
species. It is measured on a scale of 0 to 1, sustainable development; and
where 1 is the maximum contribution that ∙ Introduced the wildlife crime
the country or region can make to global investigation unit and Inter-Agency
species survival. In Malawi, the index has Committee on combating wildlife
increased from 0.81 in 2001 to 0.82 in crimes.
2021.
Challenges
Indicator 15.7.1 Proportion of traded ∙ Increasing population exerting
wildlife that was poached or illicitly pressure on the natural resources;
trafficked: Malawi continues to take ∙ Real threat of extinction of major
urgent and decisive action to end the animal species; and
poaching and trafficking of protected ∙ Encroachments in protected forest
species of flora and fauna and address areas and on customary estates.
both the demand and supply of illegal
wildlife products. The proportion of Recommendations:
traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly ∙ Continue awareness campaigns on
trafficked has since decreased from 85 the dangers of deforestation through
percent to 40 percent. village chiefs and CSOS;
∙ Promote access to sustainable energy
Interventions under Goal 15 sources such as solar powered
∙ Continue with the conservation and equipment and efficient energy
sustainable management of forest technologies such as chitetezo mbaula
reserves, with 54,422,077 trees having through fiscal incentives, especially
been planted in 2021 and 42,228,748 in towards marginalised and vulnerable
2022. Similarly, the area under natural households; and
regeneration was 9,437.92 ha in 2021; ∙ Enhance alternative livelihood options
∙ Intensify efforts to control charcoal for communities that heavily rely on
production by, among others, forests for livelihood; and promote
promoting the sustainable production forest-based enterprises such as
of legal charcoal using eucalyptus apiculture, curios, and mushroom
trees and enforcing relevant legislation production, which provide a symbiotic
to curb illegal charcoal; relationship with forest Increased
∙ Advance apiculture and other forestry- penalties of tree cutting.
based enterprises as an alternative
61
Malape Pillars in Machinga District
62
SDG 16 PEACE JUSTICE AND STRONG

INSTITUTIONS
Overview retrogressed in ensuring that no one is

Over the last two and half decades, detained without being sentenced. In
Malawi has spearheaded governance 2014, about 14 percent of the prison
reforms to consolidate peace and the population was unsentenced; currently,
rule of law; build strong and accountable the figure has increased to 22 percent.
public institutions; and create a safe, There is, therefore, need for the
stable environment conducive for country to intensify efforts towards the
investment and growth. This has enabled sentencing of detainees to reverse the
Malawi to enjoy a strong comparative trend.
advantage in the region as a politically
stable constitutional democracy with Indicator 16.9.1 Provide universal
a strong sense of the rule of law. legal identity (birth registration):
This could largely be attributed to the Significant progress has been made
broadly reconciliatory process as Malawi in birth registration, both in term
transitioned into multi-party democracy of the legal and policy framework,
in 1994, which led to the formulation of and of building capacity and raising
one of the most inclusive and progressive awareness on the need to increase birth
Constitutions. Malawi’s score on the registration in Malawi. Malawi has a
Ibrahim Index of African Governance standing regulation that ensures that any
(IIAG) is 51.5, higher than the average child born in a public or private health
score for Africa at 48.8. institution is automatically registered.
The consultations showed that most Indicator 16.10.2 Public access to

perceived an improvement in the information and protect fundamental
security of their areas; except in relation freedom: Malawi has enacted
to persons with albinism who remained appropriate legislation and developed
apprehensive and unsure of their safety the necessary regulations and guidelines
and wellbeing despite acknowledging the to guarantee access to information,
efforts being made towards enhancing operationalised on 30th September 2020.
guaranteeing their safety. The Access to Information Act , which
was fully operationalised in January
Progress 2021, provides step by step procedures
Indicator 16.3.2 Unsentenced that are to be followed by information
detainees as a proportion of overall holders as well as information users in
prison population: Malawi has the exercise and fulfilment of the right
63
to accesses to information. The Human correlative duties of the State, and their
Rights Commission has since carried corresponding responsibilities.
out a number of awareness raising and
capacity building initiatives to ensure Interventions under Goal 16
popularisation and smooth operation. ∙ Enhance, consolidate and protect
In addition, over 5000 copies of the the independence and operations of
Act, which includes the Regulations, governance institutions, especially
have been distributed. The Act has also their financial and human capacities;
been translated into one vernacular ∙ Enhance efficiency in the provision
(Chichewa) language to facilitate of public services by continuing with
inclusive awareness. Despite the efforts the implementation of the Public
being made, it is worth noting that most Sector Reform programme; and
people are still not fully aware of what ∙ Improve governance systems
is required for one to request for, and through mind-set change
access information. programmes, citizen empowerment
and implementation of the Access
Indicator 16.a.1 Existence of to Information Act.
independent national human rights
institutions in compliance with Challenges
the Paris Principles: In compliance ∙ Few police officers to effectively
with the Paris 21 Principles, Malawi provide security to citizenry.
established an independent national Currently, police officers to
human rights institution, the Human population ratio is 1:3745 against the
Rights Commission, under the Human recommended ratio of 1:500;
Rights Commission Act, with the broad ∙ Weak data systems have limited the
mandate to promote and protect human ability of the country to frequently
rights, including the investigation of track implementation progress and
human rights violations. Recently, the status of governance indicators; and
Human Rights Commission received ∙ Access to justice is still a challenge
additional mandates to oversee the as evidenced by the low percentage
implementation of the Gender Equality in people accessing justice delivery
Act and Access to Information Act institutions.
following their enactment in 2014 and
2016 respectively. Recommendations
So far, Malawi has registered considerable ∙ Facilitate coherent coordination
progress in the investigation of politically of human rights programming and
linked murder cases, abductions and implementation; and
killings of persons with albinism, and ∙ Develop and implement mechanisms
sexual harassment in the workplace, for tracking regional and global
among others. Currently, slightly over commitments, including national
60 percent of Malawians are aware development agenda.
of one or more human rights and the
64
SDG 17 PARTNERSHIP FOR THE GOALS
Overview Progress
15.1.1 Forest area
Partnerships at the global and national level as a proportion
Indicator 17.1.1 Total Government
are key to accelerating ofthetotal land area
achievement Revenue(%)as a proportion of GDP:
of the SDGs. At implementation level, an There has been a decline in total
action
35.0 in one area of the SGDs will affect
Government revenue as a percentage
outcomes
30.0 in the others; and the pursuit
32.7 of the national GDP, mainly due to
of 25.0
development must,28.2 therefore, balance
social, economic, and26.0
the20.0 environmental
25.6 25.1 the economic slowdown as a result of
24.7 24.2 23.8
dynamics to be truly inclusive and COVID-19 pandemic. This has seen the
15.0
sustainable. This has been identified as key percentage of revenue to GDP decline to
10.0
to achieving the pledge to “Leave No One 16.5 percent in 2020/21 from an average
5.0
Behind”. The achievement of the SDGs, of 19.9 percent of GDP in 2019/2020,
0.0
therefore, requires a multidimensional and
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 see 2018Figure
201928.2020
Malawi is, therefore,
integrated approach that is underpinned unlikely to meet the target of 50 percent
by strong partnerships, collaboration by 2030. As a way of improving the
and coordination at various levels. Thus,
situation, Government has developed
partnerships
Figure 28: forestbetween
loss governments,
private sector, civil society, and peoples the Domestic Revenue Mobilisation
are necessary. Multi-stakeholder Strategy (2021-2026). The objective of
partnerships are an important tool for the Strategy is to ensure stability and
mobilising and sharing knowledge, transparency in the revenue policy-
expertise, technologies, and finances for making process and reduce dependence
the implementation and achievement of on external and domestic loans while
SDGs. 17.1.1 Total government implementing
revenue as increased
a fiscal discipline
proportion of GDP
5
19.1 19.4 21.9 19.9 19.9 16.5 16.5
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2030
Actual SDG Target
Figure 28 Government Revenue as Share of GDP
Figure 29: government revenue as share of GDP 65

and control. budget funded by domestic taxes has

declined to 48 percent in 2020/2021
Indicator 17.1.2 The Proportion from 51 percent in 2019/2020 due to
of Domestic Budget funded by the economic slowdown in industrial
domestic taxes: The proportion of and commercial activities occasioned by
domestic budget funded by domestic the COVID-19 pandemic, see Figure 29.
taxes: The proportion of the domestic
Figure 28 Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxes
Indicator 17.8.1 Proportion of Indicator 17.18.3.: Availability of a

Individuals using the Internet: The National Statistical Plan that is fully
proportion of individuals using the funded and under implementation:
internet has increased to 14.6 percent Malawi has made great strides in ensuring
in 2020 from 13.8 percent in 2017. that the National Statistical Office
The pace of improvement is, however, implements the National Statistics Act.
considered slow for Malawi to meet the However, data availability, especially
SDG target of 100 percent by 2030. administrative, is a key challenge. The
Besides, household and individual mobile number of development indicators
phone ownership, which stood at 36.5 without updated data, therefore, remains
percent and 43.2 percent respectively high.
in 2020, remains lower than the average
Southern African regional score. Low Interventions under Goal 17
mobile phone ownership is primarily due ∙ To provide oversight on the
to the high cost of ICT products and implementation of development
services. In addition, computer usage plans, including the SDGs, Malawi
and ownership remain low in Malawi, has instituted Pillar and Enabler
with only 3.5 percent of households Coordination Groups (PECGs)
owning a working computer and only 2.8 whose objective is to ensure
percent of individuals owning a personal the smooth and coordinated
computer. implementation of development
66
plans. Government will take (NRB) issued more national IDs and
leadership of the PECGs, including established linkages with public and
in the financing of the operations private sector institutions to improve
of the PECGs. The membership operations and transparency.
of the PECGs comprises MDAs,
councils, CSO/NGOs, private National ID as a game changer towards
sector, academia, and development saving of Government resources,
partners; eliminating fraud and improving service
∙ Malawi developed the COVID-19 delivery
Socioeconomic Recovery Plan
(SERP) to assist the country to Sixteen MDAs and private sector
effectively recover and build back institutions linked to the National ID
better from the adverse impacts of system as a tool for authentication and
the COVID-19 pandemic through verification citizens. The Ministry of
strategic and catalytic interventions; Finance carried out a physical pensioners
∙ Malawi has developed and is rolling verification exercise that resulted in
out the 2021-2026 Digital Economy savings of US$513,907 (MK388 million)
Strategy to increase internet usage; per month after removing from its payroll
ensure that 95 percent of the 4,024 pensioners who failed to present
population has broadband coverage; their national identity cards. The Ministry
and increase device ownership of Agriculture saved US$27 million after
by 2026 through policies and removing at least 600,000 ghost farmers
interventions that leverage digital identified in the 2020/2021 Affordable
technologies; Input Programme (AIP) through use the
∙ The Government continues to National ID Cards. Furthermore, the
strengthen the Government Wide number of high-level fraud cases in the
Area Network (GWAN) by switching private sector decreased from 7 in 2020
to fibre optic internet; to 2 in 2022 since the linkage of the
∙ To foster multi-stakeholder National ID to the Commercial banks
partnership, the Government and SIM cards for mobile phones.
piloted extra-budgetary reporting to
document aid channelled through Lessons Learnt and Opportunities
NGOs, philanthropies, and religious ∙ The digital revolution, as evidenced
institutions, among others. by the interlinked ecosystem of
∙ The National Statistical Office the National ID with MDAs and
is implementing the 2019-2023 the private sector, has potential to
National Statistical System improve service delivery and reduce
Strategic Plan; and developed and economic crimes;
disseminated the 2019-2020 Multiple ∙ The VNR consultations revealed that
Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) and the youth and other marginalised
the Multidimensional Poverty Index groups are unaware of the SDGs;
Report; and ∙ Most sectoral plans and District
∙ The National Registration Bureau Development Plans (DDPs) expired
67
and have not been fully aligned to MIP- Specific Recommendations

1. This is an opportunity for NPC, ∙ Government, development partners,
relevant MDAs, and District Councils and CSOs should intensify collaborated
to ensure that the sectoral plans and advocacy, and public awareness
DDPs are aligned to MIP-1, SDGs, engagements on SDGs in the ongoing
and the 2063 Africa Agenda; and and planned interventions;
∙ The new Integrated Financial ∙ E-governance and digitalisation has
Management Information Systems not been fully harnessed to improve
(IFMIS) is an opportunity to enhance business operations and transparency.
effective and efficient financial The Ministry of Finance and
management, especially payments, Economic Affairs should promote
banking, accounting, reconciliation, e-governance and digitalisation to
and timely reporting. enhance expenditure control measures
in the public sector and seal the
Gaps and challenges loopholes that aid financial abuse while
∙ The availability of administrative data, improving the efficient utilisation of
including disaggregated data remains a resources;
challenge in various sectors; ∙ The Ministry of Finance and
∙ Affordability in both acquiring and Economic Affairs should promote
using ICT products and services is a innovative financing strategies to
major challenge and barrier; boost Government revenue to finance
∙ While there have been great strides to infrastructure development through
foster multi-stakeholder partnerships issuance of long-term bonds and
at all stages, still there is limited deployment of financial instruments
knowledge among duty bearers on such as pension funds;
SDGs and the systems and mechanisms ∙ The Ministry of Finance and Economic
for demanding accountability; and Affairs, in collaboration with relevant
∙ With respect to finance and trade, the MDAs, development partners, and
Russia-Ukraine conflict, on top of CSOs should develop short- to long-
COVID-19 and the disasters due to term measures and policy prescriptions
tropical storms, presents an added risk to address the effects of the Russia-
with the real potential to significantly Ukraine conflict on Malawi; and
worsen the growth prospects of Malawi ∙ The Ministry of Finance and Economic
and bring forth adverse socioeconomic Affairs, NPC, NSO, and relevant
impacts on various groups in society. MDAs should devise a clear action
The sharp increase in food prices, plan to initiate data collection exercises
inflation, and increased cost for social to ensure data for SDG indicators in
and basic service delivery are already the M&E frameworks/MISs of MDAs
evident because of the skyrocketing are updated to facilitate performance
global energy prices due to reductions monitoring.
in oil supply owing to sanctions on
Russian oil and gas.
68
5.0
MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION
5.1. General Modalities for SDG ultimately ensures that implementation

implementation of SDGs is done effectively.
The implementation of SDGs requires
multi stakeholder participation and 5.2. Financing for SDGs
sufficient financing of interventions at The development partner’s community
both national and subnational levels. in Malawi which continues to play
Malawi has domesticated the SDGs a key role in financially supporting
in the long-term and medium-term the implementation of SDGs. Some
development plans, MW2063 and MIP- of the notable key initiatives by the
1 respectively. development partners is the Joint
This arrangement went down to the SDG Fund which seeks to strengthen
local councils where the SDGs are the Malawi’s financing architecture
mainstreamed into the district and city to accelerate implementation of the
development plans as well as community SDGs. The programme is using two
development plan. To ensure successful streams of intervention, the top-down
implementation of these national establishment of Malawi’s Integrated
development plans and local plans that National Financing Framework (INFF)
have mainstreamed SDGs, various and the bottom-up strengthening of the
modalities have been put in place. local level Public Finance Management,
service delivery and financial
Since the SDGs are integrated in the accountability systems. The INFF is
MIP-1, all the 17 goals have been being used to mobilize and catalyse
aligned to the national priorities. This resources and investments, public
therefore ensures that the SDGs are and private, to fund its development
integrated in the national budget plans and deliver the SDGs. More
framework through MIP-1. Through importantly, the INFF will provide the
programme-based budgeting, all sectors, Government with a clear assessment set
ministries, departments, and agencies of of options and of policy interventions
government align their programmes to finance the unlocking of the country’s
budgets to the MIP-1 and SDGs. This development potential. Second, the
69
programme will seek to improve the rights and civil liberties. This will entail,
financing structures supporting essential amongst others, having strategies that will
social services at local level by investing ensure independent and well capacitated
in evidence generation on the costs and governance institutions and adherence
funding gaps. Furthermore, the Malawi to the rule of law by duty bearers.
government, Development Partners
(DPs), and the United Nations (UN) The world ranking on Rule of Law
developed an SDG Acceleration Fund. (percentile rank) will have to improve
The Fund is a financing coordination from 43 in 2019 to at least 55 by 2030.
mechanism where joint priorities are Moving forward, the Mo Ibrahim Index
set, and the mobilization of resources is of African Governance will need to
done for key interventions and related improve from the current score of
national priorities. 55.8 percent to at least 60 percent by
2030. At the global level, Malawi will
5.3. Underlying assumptions/ have to improve the percentile World
conditions Governance ranking from 32nd in 2019
To ensure that Malawi accelerates the to at least 40th position by 2030. On
implementation of the SDGs, the economic governance, the country is
following conditions be pursued.: targeting to have a stable macroeconomic
Governance environment with a minimum of 6
Effective governance will provide an months of import cover by 2030, from
enabling environment for sustainable the current less than 2 months import
national development. Malawi aspires cover.
for effective and efficient governance
systems with strict adherence to the The country also targets to reduce the
rule of law, a remarkable dent on crime rate from 1.7 percent in 2012 to
ending corruption by improving on the below 1.1 percent by 2030. Relatedly,
Corruption Perception Index (score) the global peace ranking will improve
from the current 31 (2019) to at least from 59 in 2020 to below 35 by 2030.
42 by 2030. Malawi will need to protect, This will provide a safe and peaceful
sustain, and enhance the justice and environment which could also attract
peace that protects individuals’ human private investment to boost the economy.
70
Private Sector Engagement to at least $500 million by 2030; and

Considering the importance of the improve the domestic credit to private
private sector achieving the SDGs, sector (percent of GDP) from 0.5
Malawi will aim to create a private sector percent in 2016 to at least 27.8 percent
that is dynamic and competitive to by 2030 of GDP. This will be done by
facilitate the structural transformation ensuring that the business environment
of the economy and catalyse the in Malawi is enhanced and competitive
development of a vibrant and significant for both local and foreign investments.
“middle class.” The aim is to improve To deliver all this, the government must
the country’s global competitive index create a business environment that
from 44 in 2019 to at least 57 by 2030; will encourage inclusive private sector
increase Foreign Direct investment (net participation.
inflows) from $112.30 million in 2019
$ 500 Million
Public Service Delivery service and serves as reference material

The government of Malawi is already for the promotion of high-quality
implementing a Public Sector Reforms standards of public service. In order to
Program with a view of improving accelerate the achievement of SDGs,
service delivery and restoring public Malawi will continue to implement the
confidence. reforms program. This will ultimately
lead to improved quality of public
In order to accelerate the
service delivery, thereby improving the
achievement of SDGs, Malawi will
“ continue to implement the reforms
implementation of key public programs
that accelerate the attainment of the
program
agenda 2030 goals.
The Public Service has a well-developed
Public Service Charter that emphasizes Managing Fiscal and Economic
on institutionalizing a responsive public Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
service which can dutifully serve the Malawi launched the COVID-19
people and enable them to meet their Socioeconomic Recovery Plan (SERP)
legitimate expectations. The Charter on 21 December 2021. The SERP is
outlines key Public Service values and the Government’s plan to recovery and
fundamental principles on the public restore the economy and livelihoods from
71
the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 with leadership of sectoral ministries

pandemic. It has an implementation and technical support from development
period of three years, from 2021 to partners and NPC monitor planning,
2023. The multidimension impacts financing and execution of interventions
the COVID-19 pandemic has had in at goal level.
Malawi poses a risk against attaining
the country’s development aspirations The government has put much
as stipulated in Malawi 2063 as well as focus on evaluations to assess
the SDGs. The SERP, thus, provides
strategic socioeconomic interventions to “ and determine progress towards
achievement of SDGs for the
address the multidimensional impacts of country.
the COVID-19 pandemic. It is believed
that the implementation of the SERP The MIP-1 Annual Progress Reviews
which is now underway will assist in are the main vehicles through which
achieving one of SERP’s objective SDGs are reviewed and reported on
which is to provide remedial strategic annually. The review process recognizes
interventions that will set Malawi back
the importance of a multi-stakeholder
on course on its efforts to actualize the
approach not only for implementation,
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
but also for monitoring and evaluation.
by 2030. The drive towards building back
better and green is key to the recovery
The government has put much focus
from COVID-19 impacts. Considering
that the recovery from COVID-19 is on evaluations to assess and determine
wreaking havoc in the midst of climate progress towards achievement of
change calamities. It is therefore very SDGs for the country. The government
critical that all development programmes understands that monitoring of targets
aimed at quick recovery are green and alone is not enough. The evaluation of
climate sensitive. programmes by examining the results
chain, processes, contextual factors, and
5.4. Monitoring Evaluation and causality, using OECD/DAC criteria
Review Mechanisms for SDGs of relevance, coherence, effectiveness,
The monitoring and evaluation of the efficiency, impact, and sustainability
SDGs in Malawi is done collectively is encouraged. The government will
with the aim to assess the collective encourage high quality evaluations that
performance in respect of ‘delivering will provide credible, useful, evidence-
as one.’ At the national level, SDGs based information that enables the
will continue to be monitored through timely incorporation of its findings,
National SDGs Reports (NSDGRs). recommendations, and lessons into
High levels of alignment of MIP-1 to the decision-making processes of
SDGs at goal, target and indicator levels organizations and stakeholders as they
enables Malawi to streamline reporting implement the SDGs.
needs of SDGs and MIP-1. PECGs
72
6.0
CONCLUSION AND GENERAL
RECOMMENDATIONS
Malawi has been implemented implementation progress on SDGs is
SDGs since 2016 after ratification mixed. The country has made significant
by all UN members states. When the progress on goals 2, 3, 4, 6, and 14
benchmarking process took place in with moderate progress on goals 5,
2016, Malawi started to put in place 7, 8, 9, 13, and 17. If the momentum
mechanisms to increase awareness is sustained, Malawi is likely to meet
among stakeholders and the general targets of these goals. However, there is
public but also to improve institutional little or no progress on goals 1, 10 and
capacity for effective and coordinated 15. Malawi will need to take well focused
implementation and monitoring. The and prioritised interventions to reignite
implementation of SDGs has been progress in these goals. In goals 11, 12,
multi-stakeholder and participatory and 16 there was no sufficient data to
ensuring involvement all stakeholders assess progress.
including marginalized people. Principle
of leaving-no-one behind has infused in Successes so far registered have been
the Malawi 2063, and well captured in dwarfed and affected by the various
the inclusive wealth creation and self- calamities especially climate-induced
reliance. disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic.
While the impact of the SDGs is being
The integration of the SDGs into the recognized at national and sub-national
national and sectoral policies has not only levels, the feeling at community level
helped to enhance implementation of especially among the vulnerable groups is
the SDGs related interventions but also that the progress is too low to impactful
the streamline of monitoring, evaluation uplift their plight. This therefore require
and reporting at all levels using national strong will to embrace paradigm shift
structures. Development partners towards wealth creation drive as most
and non-government organizations sustainable and efficacious approach for
including the private sector have been poverty reduction.
party to the implementation of SDGs.
Development partners’ support towards
As this VNR has revealed, the planning and implementation of
73
development plans both at national 3. Build household and community

and international levels has been resilience through adoption
commendable including towards this of climate smart technologies
VNR process. The formulation of including efficient energy
the 2022 VNR was consultative which technologies, climate smart
included state and non-state institutions, agriculture etc.
including general public. Various 4. Increase access to financial
platforms were used included physical products especially weather index
meetings, workshops, phone-in radio insurance
programs and key informant interviews.
• Low industrialization rate which
A lot of local-driven initiatives on affects the pace at which SDGs 1, 8
the SDGs were noted during the and 9 are progress is worrisome
review, coupled with government-led 1. Reform institutional bottlenecks
interventions. All the initiatives that are that affect ease of doing business.
working well need to be scaled up so 2. Provide non-fiscal incentives to
that they can be replicated in other areas. potent industries like mining,
pharmaceuticals, and garments
General Challenges and for private sector to thrive
Recommendations
Although Malawi has made some • COVID–19 has not only devasted
progress in the implementation of health sector but also social cohesion
SDGs, there are challenges that the and economic development. The
government and stakeholders must slowing down of economic activities
address to accelerated achievement and loss of jobs in key sectors
of SDGs. Some of the key challenges especially tourism and manufacturing
include: has negatively affected progress on
• The recurring impacts of climate achievement of SDGs
change which include the flash 1. Frontload activities identified
floods, heat waves and erratic in the SERP to ensure Malawi
rainfall. These retard or reverse build back better from effects of
strides that are already made in the Covid-19
national development; 2. Accelerate digitization of key
1. Enhance institutional capacity for process to build resilience of
Malawi to access climate change institutions and systems from
financing opportunities other pandemic of the magnitude
2. Strengthen early warning of covid-19
systems through digitization,
modernization of indigenous • Limited fiscal space which has
knowledge and efficient resulted in government thinly
dissemination of weather updates spreading resources across numerous
74
interventions. This has resulted 2. Regulate operations of related

in development financing heavily companies which often front
relying on development partners. each other for anti-competitive
The impact of spreading resources purposes in public procurement
across several interventions has been processes;
delayed completion of projects and 3. Operationalize access to
prioritization of small projects with information for the public
very little impact on development and media to player provide
space. checks and balances to enhance
1. Reprioritize and sequence accountability;
projects so that a few impactful 4. Develop multi-stakeholder
projects with potential to unlock strategy to fast-track prosecution
countries productive capabilities and dispose of corruption cases
are prioritized
2. Undertake serious tax reforms to • The glaring gaps in the M&E and
expand tax base by among others data systems continue to bring
put legal and fiscal instruments challenges on assessing national
to formalize informal sector performance including the SDG
and minimize tax evasion by implementation progress;
automation tax assessment and 1. Build capacity of institutions
declaration processes to generative and manage
3. Explore innovative development administrative data;
financing beyond tradition 2. Fast-track development of
funding sources. Creating the National Harmonized
institutions to incentivize Management Information System
remittances thorough formal which will provide electronic
channels, enhance private public repository of all socio-economic
partners, equity finance etc. data in the country;
4. Develop a clear and practical 3. Develop strategy for sustainable
strategy to operationalize debt financing of National Statistical
retirement fund to lower public System including introduction of
debt and create fiscal space for levies on development financing
development financing to ensure national surveys are
conducted regularly;
• Corruption and economic crimes 4. Map and streamline critical data
negatively affect delivery of need to be packaged in a way
development programmes and that would permit data collection
social services regularly; and
1. Strengthen public procurement 5. Build capacities of MDAs and
with strengthen oversight role of other development actors to
governance institutions; effectively manage available
75
data. Different existing platforms

including SDG reporting
platforms, sector-wide MISs offer
a starting point to build a strong
data ecosystem in the country.
Key Lessons Learned

• Institutionalized data systems offer
an alternative to challenges weak data
systems and have been instrument in
the assessment and review processes
of any development programmes
across the development space;
• Enhanced collaboration with non-
state actors is very critical so that
there is alignment and synergy in their
programming and work planning;
• Devolution of services to subnational
levels has improved service delivery
despite prevailing weak institutions
for financial management and
accountabilities. Interventions
planned and executed at local level are
more likely to be completed in time
than those planed at central level;
• Domestication of SDGs into the
national development plans has
ensured financing and implementation
of SDGs through domestic resources
and structures. This has ensured
localisation of implementation and
reporting of SDGs using national
systems; and
• Given the interlinkages of the SDGs,
Malawi has therefore, instituted Pillar
and Enable Coordination Groups Leaving No
(PECGs) to enhance coordination
among stakeholders across goals.
Government has also embarked on
One Behind
efforts to retire public debt and ensure
sustainable development financing.
76
REFERENCES
Government of Malawi, (2006), Malawi Growth and Development Strategy, Lilongwe,
Retrieved 2006
Government of Malawi, (2011), Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II, Retrieved 2011
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Economic Planning and Development, Lilongwe, Retrieved 2016
Government of Malawi, (2017), Agriculture Sector Performance Report: July 2016 - June
2017, Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development, Lilongwe
Government of Malawi, (2017), Malawi Growth and Development Strategy III, Retrieved
September 23, 2017
Government of Malawi, (2018), Malawi National Social Support Programme II, Retrieved
2020
Government of Malawi, (2019), National Anti-Corruption Strategy II 2019 – 2024, Lilongwe,

Retrieved 2019
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Development Goals (SDGs), Ministry of Economic Planning and Development and
Public Sector Reforms, National Planning Commission, Lilongwe, Retrieved July 2020
Government of Malawi, (2020), Malawi 2063, National Planning Commission, Lilongwe,

Retrieved January 2021
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Lilongwe, Retrieved March 2020
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(Forestry Sector), Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining, Lilongwe,
Retrieved March 2020
Government of Malawi, (2020), The Fifth Integrated Household Survey (IHS5) 2020 Report,
Zomba: National Statistical Office, Retrieved November 2020
Government of Malawi, (2021), Malawi 2063 First 10-Year Implementation Plan (MIP-1),
National Planning Commission, Lilongwe, Retrieved 2021
Government of Malawi, (2021), Malawi Covid-19 Socio-Economic Recovery Plan: 2021-

2023, National Planning Commission, Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Economic
Planning and Development and Public Sector Reforms, Retrieved 2021
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Parties (CoP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Retrieved
November 2021
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Grebmer, K. V., Bernstein, J., Wiemers, M., Schiffer, T., Hanano, A., Cheilleachair, R. N.,
Fritschel, H. (2021), Global Hunger Index Report, Bonn / Dublin, Retrieved
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78
77
Annex 1: Action Plan
OBJECTIVE TASK RESPONSIBLE AGENCY

To hedge the Enhance institutional capacity for Malawi to access climate Environmental Affairs Department
economy against change financing opportunities
climate change Strengthen Early Warning Systems Department of Disaster Risk Management
Build household and community resilience Ministry of Agriculture, NGOs, and
Development Partners
Increase access to financial products Ministry of Finance
To accelerate Ensure a conducive business environment Statutory Cooperation, Malawi revenue
Industrialization authority
To recover from Implement the social-economic recovery plan Line Ministries, DPs, and NGOs
COVID-19 effects Oversee the implementation of the socioeconomic recovery NPC, Ministry of Finance and Economic
plan Affairs
Accelerate digitization of key processes Statutory Cooperation
To enhance financial Prioritizing funding towards ripple effect interventions Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs, DPs
and economic Expand tax base Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs,
management Malawi Revenue Authority
Explore innovative financing modalities Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs
Develop and implement a clear strategy for debt retirement Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs,
To enhance Strengthen public procurement PPDA
governance Operationalize access to information PPDA
Fast track corruption cases Ministry of Justice, Judiciary, DDP, Anti-
Corruption Bureau
To ensure evidence- Build capacity of institutions to generative and manage National Statistical Office
based policy administrative data
formulation
79
FastTrack development of the National Harmonized Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs
Management Information System
Develop strategy for sustainable financing of National National Statistical Office
Statistical System
Map and streamline critical data needs National Statistical Office, The National
Planning Commission
Build capacities of MDAs and other development actors to National Statistical Office
effectively manage available data
80
Annex 2: MIP-1 Alignment to SDGs
IPRT - Reports
The Malawi 2063: First 10-Year Implementation Plan (MIP-1) 2021-2030
MIP-1 PILLARS AND ALIGNED SDG GOALS

ENABLERS
G1- End poverty in all its forms everywhere
P1
G2 - End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Agricultural
Productivity and G9 - Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Commercialization
G14 - Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
G8 - Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent
work for all
P2 G9 - Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Industrialization G10 - Reduce inequality within and among countries
G17 - Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable
Development
G11 - Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
P3
Urbanization
G17 - Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable
Development
81
G10 - Reduce inequality within and among countries
E2 G16 - Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and
Effective Governance build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels
Systems and G17 - Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable
Institutions Development
E4
Private Sector G10 - Reduce inequality within and among countries
Dynamism
G2 - End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
G3 - Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
E5 G4 - Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Human Capital G5 - Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Development G6 - Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
G10 - Reduce inequality within and among countries
E6 G7 - Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all
Economic
Infrastructure
G9 – Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
G11 - Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
E7 G12 - Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Environmental G13 - Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Sustainability G14 – Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
G15 - Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
82
Annex 3: SDG Matrix
INDICATOR 2020 PROGRESS PROGRESS 2030
INDICATORS RATING SOURCE
CODE VALUE VALUE YEAR TARGET
GOAL 1
End poverty in all its forms everywhere
1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
Proportion of population below the international poverty
*1.1.1 71.4 73.9 2021 0 World Bank
line $1.90 per day
1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
Proportion of population living below the national
1.2.1 poverty line, by residence, sex of household headship and 51.5 50.7 2021 26 NSO
age
*1.2.1 Urban 17.7 19.2 2021 NSO
*1.2.1 Rural 59.5 56.6 2021 NSO
*1.2.1 Males 49.3 48.5 2021 NSO
*1.2.1 Females 58.3 56.8 2021 NSO

Proportion of the population-ultra-poor based on the
*1.2.1 24.5 20.5 2021 NSO
national poverty line
*1.2.1 National Human Development Index (HDI) 0.476 0.483 2021 NSO
Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living
*1.2.2 in poverty in all its dimensions according to national N/A 61.7 2021 NSO
definitions ( Multidimensional Poverty Index)
83
1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the
vulnerable
Proportion of population covered by social protection Ministry of Gender
floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children,
1.3.1 unemployed persons, older persons, persons with 7% 2021 21.1
disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work-injury
victims and the poor and the vulnerable
1.5 By 2030 build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other
economic social and environmental shocks and disasters
Number of Deaths, missing persons and persons affected
1.5.1
by disaster per 100,000 people
*1.5.1 Number of persons affected by disaster (not per 100,000) 1,101,364 495,967 2021 0
*1.5.1 Number of Deaths 2 0.3 2021 0
*1.5.1 Number of Missing persons 3 0.1 2021 0
1.5.2 Direct Disaster Economic loss in relation to GDP 600 2021 0

Adopted Adopted Adopte
Adopting and implementing National DRR strategies in and and d and
1.5.3 2021
line with the Sendai Framework Implemen Implement Implem
ting ing enting
1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and
predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programs and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions
Proportion of resources allocated by the government
1.a.1 44
directly to poverty reduction programs
Proportion of total government spending on essential
1.a.2 30
services (education, health and social protection)
1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support
accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions
84
Proportion of government recurrent and capital spending
1.b.1 to sectors that disproportionately benefit women, the 1.3
poor and vulnerable groups
GOAL 2
End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient
food all year round
2.1.1 Prevalence of Undernourishment 24.5 17.3 2021 0 MICS
Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the
2.1.2 78.5 69.9 2021 0 MICS
population (FIES
*2.1.1 The percentage of food insecure households. 17 8 2021 0 MVAC
2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age,
and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons
2.2.2 Prevalence of stunting 37 35.5 2021 0 MICS
2.2.2 Prevalence of Underweight 11.7 12.8 2021 0 MICS
2.2.2 Prevalence of Wasting 3 2.6 2021 0 MICS
2.2.2 Prevalence of Overweight 5 4.4 2021 0 MICS

Percentage of children 0-5 months who are exclusively
*2.2.2 60 64.1 2021 100 MICS
breastfed
Percentage of children born with Low birth weight (LWB)
*2.2.2 14 3.2 2021 0 MICS
babies
85
Proportion of resources allocated directly to nutrition
*2.2.2
programs
2.4. By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain
ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and
soil quality
Proportion of Agriculture Area under sustainable
2.4.1 46 100
Agriculture
2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly
managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising
from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed
The agriculture orientation index for government
Ministry of
2.a.1 expenditures. 0.482 0.531 2021 0.286
Agriculture
Ministry of
*2.a.1 Agriculture share of Government expenditure (%) 11 12 2021 10
Agriculture
Ministry of
*2.a.2 Agriculture Share of GDP 22.8 22.6 2021 35
Agriculture
Ministry of
*2.a.3 Annual Growth in agriculture GDP 3.4 3.2 2021 6
Agriculture
GOAL 3
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births
Maternal mortality ratio: The maternal mortality ratio
National Statistical
(MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths
3.1.1 439 2016 70 Office/ Ministry of
during a given time period per 100,000 live births during
Health
the same time period
Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel:
3.1.2 percentage of live births attended by skilled health 89 96.8 2021 100 MICS
personnel during a specified time period
86
3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per
1000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births.
Under-five mortality rate: the probability of a child born
3.2.1 in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age 63 55 2020 25 MICS
of 5 years,
3.2.2 Neonatal mortality rate 27 26 2020 12 Office/ Ministry of
Health
3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases, and combat hepatitis, waterborne diseases, and other communicable
diseases
Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected National Aids
3.3.1 1.58 1.13 2021 0.2
population, by sex, age and key populations, All ages Commission
Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected
National Aids
3.3.1 population, by sex, age and key populations, Adults (15- 0.28 0.19 2021 0.2
Commission
49)
National TB
3.3.2 Tuberculosis incidence per 1,000 population 121 106 2021 60.5 Programmes,
Ministries of Health
TB Treatment success rate of SS+TB 84 89 2020 100 Ministry of Health
3.3.3 Malaria incidence per 1,000 population 380 361 2021 200 Ministry of Health
3.3.4 Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000 population 0.015 0 Ministry of Health

National NTD
Number of people requiring interventions against
3.3.5 7,577,185 3,364,291 2020 _ programmes within
neglected tropical diseases
Ministries of Health
3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment, and promote mental health and well-
being.
Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer,
3.4.1 Ministry of Health
diabetes or chronic respiratory disease
87
3.4.1 Number of deaths attributed to cancer 114 11 2021 Ministry of Health
3.4.1 Number of deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease 235 28 2021 Ministry of Health
Number of deaths attributed to chronic respiratory
3.4.1 75 16 2021 Ministry of Health
disease
3.4.1 Number of deaths attributed to diabetes 72 16 2021 Ministry of Health
Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer,
3.4.1 18.74 2021 Ministry of Health
diabetes or chronic respiratory disease
3.4.2 Suicide mortality rate 8.65 8.7 2021 Ministry of Health
3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol.
Harmful use of alcohol, defined according to the national
Ministry of Home
3.5.2 context as alcohol per capita consumption (aged 15 years 2.5 2.5 2012 1.25
Affairs/ POLICE
and older) within a calendar year in litres of pure alcohol
3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents
3.6.1 Death rate due to road traffic injuries 35 2013 17.5 Malawi Police Services
3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of
reproductive health into national strategies and programs.
NSO/ Ministry of
Proportion of women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 Health
3.7.1 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied 62 79.9% 2021 100
with modern methods
Adolescent birth rate (aged 10-14 years; aged 15-19 years) NSO/ Ministry of
3.7.2 136 2021 0
per 1,000 women in that age group Health
3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services, and access to safe, effective, quality and
affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.
88
Coverage of essential health services (defined as the
average coverage of essential services based on tracer
interventions that include reproductive, maternal,
3.8.1 newborn and child health, infectious diseases, non- 54% 2015/2016 100 Ministry of Health
communicable diseases and service capacity and access,
among the general and the most disadvantaged
population)
Number of people covered by health insurance or a public
3.8.2 Ministry of Health
health system per 1,000 population
3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.
Ministry of Health,
Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air
3.9.1 72 2015 36 Department of
pollution
Environment.
Ministry of Health,
Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation
*3.9.1 25 26.14 2015 Ministry of
and lack of hygiene
Environment.
Ministry of Health,
*3.9.1 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisonings 3.28 2015 Ministry of
Environment.
Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation
NSO/Ministry of
3.9.2 and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation 26.14 2015 12.5
Health
and Hygiene for All (WASH) services)
3.9.3 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning 3.28 2015 1.64 Ministry of Health
3.b Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non communicable diseases that primarily affect developing
countries. Provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines in accordance with the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health, which affirms the
right of developing countries to the fullest use of the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS agreement)
regarding flexibilities to protect public health and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all.
Proportion of the population with access to affordable
3.b.1 100 Ministry of Health
medicines and vaccines on a sustainable basis
Total net official development assistance to medical
3.b.2 131.4 2014 262.8 Ministry of Finance
research and basic health sectors USD Million
89
3.c Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least
developed countries and small island developing States
3.c.1 Health worker density and distribution- doctor/10000 0.36 2014 1 Ministry of Health
GOAL 4
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all
4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes
Proportion of children and young people: (a) in grades
2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower
4.1.1 EMIS
secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level
in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex
Proportion of children at the end of primary achieving at
*4.1.1 45.9 2021 100 MICS
least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics (Male).
*4.1.1 least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics 44.7 2021 MICS
(Female).
*4.1.1 40.1 45.1 2021 MICS
least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics (Total)
*4.1.1 38.2 2021 MICS
least a minimum proficiency level in reading (Male)
*4.1.1 37.7 2021 MICS
least a minimum proficiency level in reading (Female)
*4.1.1 37.8 2021 MICS
least a minimum proficiency level in reading (Total)
4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary
education
90
Proportion of children aged 36-59 months who are
4.2.1 developmentally on track in health, learning and 59.8 58.6 2021 MICS
psychosocial well-being
4.2.2 Participation rate children 0-5 attending ECD
4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university
Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-
4.3.1 EMIS
formal education
*4.3.1 Completion rate primary (%) 54 54 2020 EMIS
*4.3.1 Completion rate secondary (%) 22 22 2020 EMIS
*4.3.1 Survival Rate to Standard 8 32 41 2020 EMIS
*4.3.1 Transition Rate from primary to secondary school 36 37.6 2020 EMIS
*4.3.1 Drop Out Rates 3.9 4 2020 EMIS

4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons
with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations
Parity indices (female/male, rural/urban, bottom/top
wealth quintile and others such as disability status,
4.5.1 indigenous peoples and conflict-affected, as data become EMIS
available) for all education indicators on this list that can
be disaggregated
*4.5.1 Gender parity Primary 1 1.05 2021 1 EMIS1
1
Education Management Information System
91
*4.5.2 GP secondary 0.88 0.96 2021 1 EMIS
*4.5.3 GP Teacher training primary 0.72 1.4 2016 1 EMIS

Complementary Basic Education Enrolment (Non-formal
*4.5.4 0.94 0.94 2016 1 EMIS
education for out-of-school youth)
4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy
Percentage of population in a given age group achieving at
4.6.1 least a fixed level of proficiency in functional (a) literacy 100 EMIS
and (b) numeracy skills, by sex
Malawi Population
*4.6.1 Youth (15-24) literacy rate 81.1 69% 2018 100
and housing census
4.a Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for
all
4.a.1 Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity;
(b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers
for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and
4.a.1 materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking EMIS
water; (f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic
handwashing facilities (as per the WASH indicator
definitions)
Proportion of schools with access to electricity, lower
*4. a.1 53.7 67 2021 100 EMIS
secondary level
Proportion of schools with access to basic drinking water,
*4. a.1 92 2021 100 EMIS
lower secondary level
Proportion of schools with access to single-sex basic
*4. a.1 85 2012 100 EMIS
sanitation, primary level
Proportion of schools with access to electricity, primary
*4. a.1 14.55 2021 100 EMIS
level
Proportion of schools with access to basic drinking water,
*4.a.1 90 2021 100 EMIS
primary level
92
Proportion of schools with access to single-sex basic
*4.a.1 82 94.9 2021 100 EMIS
sanitation, lower secondary level
4.b By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island
developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical,
engineering and scientific programs, in developed countries and other developing countries
4.b.1 Volume of official development assistance flows for UNICEF Girls
4.b.1 US$1.4m US$ 1.1m 2021 2830
scholarships by sector and type of study Scholarship.
4.c By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially
least developed countries and small island developing States
4.c.1 Proportion of teachers in: (a) pre-primary;
(b) primary; (c) lower secondary; and (d) upper secondary
4.c.1 EMIS
education who have received at least the minimum
organized teacher training
Proportion of teachers in primary education who have
received at least the minimum organized teacher training
*4.c.1 (e.g. pedagogical training) pre-service or in-service 96 2021 100 EMIS
required for teaching at the relevant level in a given
country
*4.c.4 Qualified Pupil/Teacher Ratio (Primary) 62 2021 60 EMIS
GOAL 5
Achieve Gender Equality and Empower all Women and Girls
5.2 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere
Ministry of Gender
Availabl
Available Available
Existence of Legal frameworks in place to promote, e and
and under and under
5.1.1 enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination and 2021 under
implement implement
on the basis of sex implem
ation ation
entation
93
5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation
Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15
5.2.1 years and older subjected to physical violence by a current 42.2 42.2 2016 0
Office
or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months
Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older
subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an National Statistical
5.2.2 28.2 28.2 2016 0
intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and Office
place of occurrence
5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation
Proportion of women aged 14-24 years who were married National Statistical
5.3.1a 12.5 7.6 2021 0
or in a union before age 15 Office
Proportion of women aged 14-24 years who were married National Statistical
5.3.1b 46.3 37.7 2021
or in a union before age 18 Office
5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of
shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate
5.4.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and
5.4.1
care work, by sex, age and location
*5.4.1 Average hours spent collecting waste and firewood (Total) 0.6 0.64 2021 NSO
*5.4.2 Average hours spent collecting waste and firewood (Male) 0.6 0.6 2021 NSO
Average hours spent collecting water and firewood
*5.4.3 0.7 0.75 2021 NSO
(Female)
5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life
Proportion of seats held by women in national
*5.5.1 16.7 21 2021 40 Malawi Parliament
parliaments
Proportion of cabinet seats held by women in national
*5.5.1 40 2021 40 Malawi Parliament
parliaments
94
*5.5.1 Proportion representation in public senior management 24 26 2021 40 MoGSW
*5.5.1 Proportion of seats held by women in local governments 11 14 2021 40 MoGSW
*5.5.1 Proportion of women in judiciary services 32 2021 40 MoGSW
*5.5.1 Proportion of Women in Foreign Services 45 40 MoGSW
GOAL 6
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
Percentage of the population using improved water
6.1.1 87 87.9 2021 100 NSO
services
By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls
and those in vulnerable situations
6.2.1 Proportion of population using basic sanitation services 10 12.2 2021 100 NSO
Proportion of population using improved sanitation
*6.2.1 52 80.1 2021 100 NSO
facilities
Proportion of population a hand washing facility where
*6.2.1 19 28.2 2021 100 NSO
water and soap are present
6.3.1 Proportion of wastewater safely treated _ 6 2021 MoWS
Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water
6.3.2 16 65 2021 50 MoWS
quality
By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and
substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity
95
Degree of integrated water resources management
6.5.1 _ 55 2021 MoWS
implementation (0-100)
Proportion of transboundary basin area with an
6.5.2 _ 90 2021 MoWS
operational arrangement for water cooperation
By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lake
Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over
6.6.1 _ 15 2021 MoWS
time
By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including
water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies
Amount of water- and sanitation-related official
$92.35 $98
6.a.1 development assistance that is part of a government- MoWS
million million
coordinated spending plan
GOAL 7
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
Ministry of Energy
7.1.1 Proportion of population with access to electricity 17 19 2022 100
and Mining
Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean Ministry of Energy
7.1.2 18 12.4 100
fuels and technology and Mining
7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix
Renewable energy share in the total final energy
7.2.1 7 9.0 2021 50 Ministry of Energy
consumption
7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
96
Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and
7.3.1 GDP: Energy intensity is defined as the energy supplied 10.2 10.16 2022 20.3 Ministry of Energy
to the economy pet unit value of economic output
7.b By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least
developed countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programs of support
Amount of FDI in financial transfer for infrastructure and
*7.b.1 technology to sustainable development services (USD 130 100 2021 25
million)
GOAL 8
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and
decent work for all
8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in
the least developed countries
Annual Economic
8.1.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita 0.8 3.9 2021 7
Report
8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added
and labor-intensive sectors
Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person: National Statistical
Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person Office/Economic
8.2.1 1% 10
conveys the annual percentage change in real Gross Planning and
Domestic Product per employed person. Development
8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the
formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
Proportion of informal employment in non-agriculture
8.3.1 75 Ministry of Labour
employment, by sex
8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavor to decouple economic growth from environmental
degradation, in accordance with the 10-Year Framework of Programs on Sustainable Consumption and Production, with developed countries taking the lead
Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and
8.4.1 NSO/EPD
material footprint per GDP
97
*8.4.1 Domestic material consumption per unit of GDP 6.94 2010 4.84 NSO/EPD
36,304,192
*8.4.2 Domestic material consumption per capita 2010 13.88 NSO/EPD
.00
8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal
pay for work of equal value
Average hourly earnings of female and male employees,
8.5.1 146.6 2010 293.3 NSO
by occupation, age and persons with disabilities
Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with
disabilities; The unemployment rate conveys the
8.5.2 NSO
percentage of persons in the labour force who are
unemployed.
*8.5.2 Unemployment rate Total 21 18.5 2018 5 NSO
*8.5.3 Unemployment rate Male 14 16.6 2018 5 NSO
*8.5.4 Unemployment rate female 26 20.3 2018 5 NSO
8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education, or training
Proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) not in education,
employment or training: the number of young persons National Statistical
8.6.1 31.56 29.59 2020 7.5
not in education, employment or training as a percentage Office
of the total youth population.
8.9 By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP and in Annual Economic
8.9.1 -0.468 14.4
growth rate Report
Number of jobs in tourism industries as a proportion of
8.9.2 0.046 5.8 Ministry of Labor
total jobs and growth rate of jobs, by sex
98
GOAL 9
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure, to support economic development and human
well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all
Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-
9.1.1 23 23 20 Ministry of Transport
season road
*9.1.1 Paved road Network (km) 4,496 4,772 2021 Ministry of Transport
*9.1.2 Grading and Reshaping of unpaved roads 2987.78 5,211 2021 Ministry of Transport
*9.1.3 Paved Classifies road in good and fair condition 78% 78% 2021
9.1.2 Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport -

Total number of passengers through primary international
*9.1.2 340000 177574 2021 Ministry of Transport
airports
*9.1.3 Total freight through primary international airports 5000 5265 Ministry of Transport
*9.1.4 Total Freight Traffic by rail 3474043 3492469 Ministry of Transport
*9.1.5 Total Passengers Traffic by Rail 167023 185006 Ministry of Transport
*9.1.6 Total Freight Traffic on Malawi waters 378342 385350 Ministry of Transport
*9.1.7 Total Passenger Traffic on Malawi waters (No.) 3268431 3600000 Ministry of Transport
99
9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with
national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries
Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP and Annual Economic
9.2.1 11.8 12.2 25
per capita Report
*9.2.1 Manufacturing value added growth rate 4.2 4.3 10
9.c Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least
developed countries by 2020
Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, Ministry of
9.c.1 95 99.6 100
by technology: 2G,3G,4G Information
Ministry of
*9.c.1 Mobile network 44 63 100
Information
Ministry of
*9.c.2 2G 95 84 100
Information
Ministry of
*9.c.3 3G 32 84.4 100
Information
Ministry of
*9.c.4 4G 68.6 100
Information
GOAL 10
Reduce inequality within and among countries
10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
Growth rates of household expenditure or income per
10.1.1 capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population 10
Office
and the total population
Growth rates of household expenditure or income per National Statistical
*10.1.1 10
capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population Office
Growth rates of household expenditure or income per National Statistical
*10.1.2 1.3 1.27 2019 10
capita Office
100
10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic
or other status
Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median National Statistical
10.2.1 16 8
income, by age, sex and persons with disabilities Office
10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality
Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social
Ministry of Finance
protection transfers: Labour share of Gross Domestic
and Economic
10.4.1 Product (GDP) is the total compensation of employees 6.5 60
Planning and
given as a percent of GDP, which is a measure of total
Development
output.
GOAL 11
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
Ministry of Lands,
Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal
11.1.1 67 65.1 20 33.4 Housing and Urban
settlements or inadequate housing
Development/NSO
11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport,
with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
Proportion of population that has convenient access to Ministry of Transport
11.2.1 23 2015 100
public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities and Public Works
11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste
management
Ministry of Natural
Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5
11.6.2 26 2014 10 Resource, Energy and
and PM10) in cities (population weighted)
Mining
11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with
disabilities
101
11.b By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource
efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels
Proportion of local governments that adopt and
Department of
implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line
11.b.1 16 100 Disaster Management
with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
Affairs
2015-2030 a
Department of
Number of countries with national and local disaster risk
11.b.2 1 2015 - Disaster Management
reduction strategies
Affairs
GOAL 12
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources
Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and
12.2.1 NSO/EPD
material footprint per GDP
*12.2.1 Material footprint per capita 1.16 2014 2.32 NSO/EPD
*12.2.2 Material footprint per unit of GDP 1.16 2014 NSO/EPD

17,410,000
*12.2.3 Material footprint 2014 NSO/EPD
.00
Domestic material consumption, domestic material
12.2.2 consumption per capita, and domestic material NSO/EPD
consumption per GDP
*12.2.1 Domestic material consumption per capita 2.42 2010 13.88 NSO/EPD
*12.2.2 Domestic material consumption per unit of GDP 6.94 2010 4.84 NSO/EPD
102
36,304,192
*12.2.3 Domestic material consumption 2010 NSO/EPD
.00
GOAL 13
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts[b]
13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries
Number of deaths, missing persons and persons affected Department of
13.1.1
by disaster per 100,000 people Disaster Management
1,101,36 Department of
*13.1.1 Number of affected persons 1,101,364 495,967 2021
4 Disaster Management
Department of
*13.1.1 Number of deaths per 100,000 2 0.3 2021 0
Disaster Management
Department of
*13.1.1 Number of Missing Persons 3 0.1 2021 0
Disaster Management
Adopte
Adopted Adopted
d&
Adoption and Implementation of the National Disaster & under & under Department of
13.1.2 2021 under
Risk Reduction Strategy implement implement Disaster Management
implem
ation ation
entation
GOAL 14
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris Department of
14.1.1 2 1.4 2021 0
density Fisheries
103
14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels
Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of Department of
14.3.1 7.6 7.6 2021 >8
representative sampling stations Fisheries
14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-
based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by
their biological characteristics
Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable Department of
14.4.1
levels Fisheries
Department of
Capture fisheries (MT 170,844 173,480
Fisheries
Department of
Aquaculture (MT) 9,393 9,324
Fisheries
14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific
information
Ministry of
Agriculture, Irrigation
14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas 0.85% 0.85% -
and Water
Development,
14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported
and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing
and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation[c]
Progress by countries in the degree of implementation of
Department of
14.6.1 international instruments aiming to combat illegal, 80% 90%
Fisheries
unreported and unregulated fishing
14.7 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including
through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
Sustainable fisheries as a percentage of GDP in small
Department of
14.7.1 island developing States, least developed countries and all 4% 4% -
Fisheries
countries
104
14.a Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the
development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries
Proportion of total research budget allocated to research Ministry of Finance
14.a.1 48% 48%
in the field of marine technology and Economic Affairs
14.b Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets
Progress by countries in the degree of application of a
legal/regulatory/policy/institutional framework which Department of
14.b.1 95% 95%
recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale Fisheries
fisheries
14.c Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on
the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of “The
future we want”
Progress in ratifying, accepting, and implementing
through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-
related instruments that implement international law, as Department of
14.c.1 100% 100%
reflected in the United Nation Convention on the Law of Fisheries
the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the
oceans and their resources
GOAL 15
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands,
mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements
Ministry of Natural
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area 26 23.8 2020 50
Resources
Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and
Ministry of Natural
15.1.2 freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected 22.9 2020 100
Resources
areas, by ecosystem type
105
15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase
afforestation and reforestation globally
Ministry of Natural
15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable forest management 70 2020 100
Resources
15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land
degradation-neutral world
Ministry of Natural
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area 75 2020 2
Resources
15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land
degradation-neutral world
Coverage by protected areas of important sites for Ministry of Natural
15.4.1 52.9 52.94 2021 100
mountain biodiversity Resources
Ministry of Natural
15.5.1 Red List Index 0.81 0.82 2021 1
Resources
15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products
15.7.1 Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or Ministry of Natural
15.7.1 50 40 2020 0
illicitly trafficked Resources
15.c Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue
sustainable livelihood opportunities
15.c.1 Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or Ministry of Natural
15.c.1 50 40 2020 0
illicitly trafficked Resources
GOAL 16
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all
and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
106
Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 Ministry of Home
*16.1.1 1.78 2021 0
population Affairs
Ministry of Home
*16.1.2 Number of victims of intentional homicide 279 2021
Affairs
Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, Ministry of Home
16.1.2 72.4 2021 0
age and cause Affairs
16.2 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children
16.2.3 Proportion of young women and men aged 18-29 National Statistics
16.2.3 6.4 2021 0
years who experienced sexual violence by age 18 office
16.3 Promote the Rule of Law at National and International Levels and ensure equal access to justice for all
Sentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison
16.3.2 14 22 2021 0 Prison Services
population
16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms
16.5.2 Proportion of businesses that had at least one
contact with a public official and that paid a bribe to a Ministry of Home
16.5.2 0.4 2021 0
public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public Affairs
officials during the previous 12 months
16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration
Ministry of Health/
Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births
16.9.1 6.4 2021 100 National Registration
have been registered with a civil authority, by age
Bureau
Legislation
and
Public access to information and protect fundamental Availabl Ministry of
16.10.2 regulations Available 2021
freedom e Information
not
available
107
Existence of independent national human rights Availabl

16.a. 1 Available Available 2022
institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles e
GOAL 17
Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable
Development
17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other
revenue collection
17.1.1 Total government revenue as a proportion of Ministry of Finance
17.1.1 16.5 16.5 50
GDP, by source and Economic Affair
17.1.2 Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic Ministry of Finance
17.1.2 0.48 0.51 100.00
taxes and Economic Affair
17.2 Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve
the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national income for official development assistance (ODA/GNI) to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI
to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries
17.2.1 Net official development assistance, total and to
least developed countries, as a proportion of the
Ministry of Finance
17.2.1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and 11.23 11.23 20
and Economic Affair
Development (OECD) Development Assistance
Committee donors’ gross national income (GNI)
17.9 Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the
Sustainable Development Goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation
17.9.1 Dollar value of financial and technical assistance
Ministry of Finance ,
(including through North-South, South-South and
17.9.1 116.33 - Economic Planning
triangular cooperation) committed to developing
and Development
countries
108
COLOUR CODING
Significant progress/likely to meet
Moderate Progress
Little or no progress
No data
109
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Malawi SDG VNR 2022 Final

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JUNE 2022

The Government of Malawi reaffirms non-governmental organisations (NGOs),

Honorable Sosten Alfred Gwengwe, MP

Emerging and Structural Challenges Key Lessons

Figure 2 Alignment of MIP-1 to SDGs in Malawi

0 200 400 600 800 1000

2022/2023FY (Billion-MWK) 2021/2022 FY (Billion-MWK)

Figure 3 Increased Government Commitment in Integration of the three SDGs Dimensions

Figure 1: Increased Government Commitment in Integration of the three SDGs Dimensions

3.4. Leaving No One Behind are deliberately incorporated in the key

“ various strategies to ensure that no

3.5. Institutional Mechanisms The PECGs with technical support from

4.1. Progress on Goals progress has been made towards goals 2,

Table 1 Snapshot of SDGs progress

Sustainable Development Goals Level of Progress Progress Rating

……… SDG Target

Indicator 1.2.2 Proportion of men,

SDG 2 ZERO HUNGER

Overview at the community level. The effects of

Prevalence of stunting SDG Target

National food reserves

SDG Indicator 2.2.1: Prevalence of stunting

Trends in nutritional status of children

Figure 6 Figure 2: Trends

SDG 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Overview disability-friendly infrastructure as key

Figure 7: Percentage of birth attended by skilled health personnel

Figure 7 Percentage of birth

Nurse helping a mother and her underfive baby

Figure 8 Under-five mortality rate in Malawi

Figure 9 Malaria incense and motarity rates in Malawi

Indicator 3.7.1: Proportion of women progress in mCPR in Malawi . However,

SDG 4 QUALITY EDUCATION

Figure 10 Primary completion rates

Figure 11 GPI in Primary School

Primary School Students Secondary School Students

University of Malawi Graduation

Interventions under Goal 4 Lessons Learnt and Opportunities

education programme; and the growing population of school

SDG 5 GENDER EQUALITY

Overview activities; and the noticeable decrease in

Figure 12: Child Marriage in Malawi

Indicator 5.5.1: Proportion of seats held The average percentage of female

16 days of activism against GBV

Figure 13 GBVs in 2021

Interventions under Goal 5 better results.

SDG 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

Overview campaigns on hygiene. Citizens however

Population using improved drinking water (%)

Figure 1: Proportion of people using improved water

Figure 14 Proportion of people using improved water

Urban and rural households relyrateon

Figure 15 Distance to Water Source

Figure 16 Proportion of population with hand washing facility

hand-washing facilities, 46 percent uses • Outdated policy documents and a weak

SDG 7 AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY

clean fuels and technology: According

value chain of electricity generation sustainable production and efficient

to the generation system which is • Existing transmission and distribution