S3L1 BioWorksheet

Secondary 3 Superstar (Biology)
Cell Structure and Organisation I: Worksheet
Name: ___________________________________ Date: ______________________
Cell Structure and Organisation I
What is a cell?
9B.1.1
Cell Factory
Cell wall Fence
Cell membrane Factory walls with doors – allows certain things to enter or
leave factory
Nucleus Executive department (manages, controls); room where the
blueprints are kept
Cytoplasm Factory floor where most products are assembled, finished
and shipped.
Vacuole Storage area
Mitochondrion Power house
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 1 of 17

9B.1.2
A cell is a basic unit of a living thing.
 Cells are described to be “building blocks of life”.

 Unicellular organisms such as amoeba, yeast and bacteria
are single-celled organisms.
 Multicellular organisms have more than one cells.
There are two main types of cells, prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes are cells that do not have a membrane-

bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-
bound organelles, whereas eukaryotes do. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Are you able to identify some components of the cells?
Animal cell Plant cell

Let’s Revise! Cells
The diagram below shows a plant cell. What are the numbered parts of the cell? 9B.1.3
I II III
A Cell membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm
B Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm
C Cytoplasm Cell membrane Cell wall
D Cytoplasm Cell wall Cell membrane
( )
The diagram below shows a plant cell. Mario used a pair of scissors to cut a 9B.1.4
plant at the stem. He observed thick cell sap oozing from the stem. Which
structure did the cell sap come from?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV ( )
A mixed culture of live and dead cells is placed in a blue stain. Only the dead cells take up
the blue stain. Which structure is preventing the stain from entering the live cells?
9B.1.5
A. Cell membrane
B. Cell wall
C. Cytoplasm
D. Vacuole ( )

How do you view cells? 9B.1.6
Which equipment should you use to view a cell?
Light microscope
When viewing cells under a light microscope:
 Can form ______________ images.

 Specimen can be magnified up to around 1000x.
 Able to view live or dead specimens.
Live view of C. elegans under
the light microscope
Electron microscope
When viewing cells under an electron microscope:
 Beams of electrons are used.

 Black and white images are formed, a software is
used to add colour to electron micrographs.
 Specimen can be magnified by up to 200,000x.
 Higher resolution images.
 Only dead specimens can be used.
Algae and bacteria in an

electron micrograph scope

What are the parts of a microscope?
Eyepiece
(ocular lens)
Knob to adjust focus for

Objective lens clearer images
Specimen mounted on
glass slide is placed here
Calculating magnification of an object:
Total magnification x
=
of an object
Objective lens
Eyepiece (10x)
(4x, 10x, 40x, 100x)
Let’s Try! Light microscope
When using a microscope to view a slide, which of the following should not be 9B.1.7
done?
I Always carry the microscope upright and with your right hand.
II Always start working with the objective lens of the highest power.
III Secure the slide onto the stage using the stage clips before viewing the specimen.
IV Always turn the coarse adjustment knob to focus the specimen.
A. I and II only
B. II and IV only
C. I, II and III only
D. I, II and IV only ( )

The nucleus in a photograph of a cell measures 3 mm across. If the magnification 9B.1.8

in the photograph is 500x, what is the actual size of the nucleus?
A. 0.0007 mm
B. 0.006 mm
C. 166.7 mm
D. 1500 mm ( )
A leaf from a Hydrilla plant was placed on a slide and observed under a light 9B.1.9
microscope at a magnification of 600x. However, the individual cells could not be
clearly seen. This is because ______________________________.
A. a dried up leaf sample was not used.

B. the magnification used was not high enough.
C. a few layers of cells were overlapping each other.
D. iodine was not used so the nucleus and cytoplasm could not be seen. ( )
9B.1.10
A ruler was placed on the stage of a
microscope. Part of the ruler was observed at a
certain magnification, producing the following 5 6 7 8 9
view. 4 10
mm
The ruler was subsequently removed from the

stage and replaced with a slide containing a
plant tissue. If 90 plant cells were seen from this view, at the same magnification, calculate
the average size of each cell. (Area of a circle = πr2 )
A. 0.07π mm2
B. 0.1π mm2
C. 0.3π mm2
D. 0.4π mm2 ( )

Organelles in plant and animal cells
Which is not an organelle? 9B.1.11
A. Chloroplast
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondrion
D. Nucleus ( )
An organelle (think of it as a cell’s

internal organ) is a specialised
membrane-bound structure found chloroplast nucleus
within a cell.
vacuole
The living material of a cell is known as the ______________.
The
is ________________
The
_____________ which
is a jelly-like substance
means that it controls
where many chemical
reactions occur here. the movement of
Many other organelles substances in and out
are found in the of the cell.
cytoplasm.

Organelles: Nucleus
Functions:
1. Controls cell activities such as cell growth and repair.
Nuclear envelope
2. Required in order for cell division to occur. Nucleoplasm
3. Contains genetic material that is passed down from
parent to offspring.
What is within a nucleus?

Nuclear envelope
 A double membrane layer that separates the
contents of a nucleus from the cytoplasm.
Nucleoplasm
 Similar to cytoplasm, but denser and localized in the nucleus.
Nucleolus
 A nucleus may have one nucleolus (singular) or more: _______________ (plural).
 Production of ribosomes.
Nucleus
Chromatin Chromosome
threads
DNA
Chromatin threads are thread-like chains of ___________________________ acid (DNA).

When chromatin threads condense and coil further, they form rod-like shape structures
known as _________________________.

Organelles: Mitochondria
 Mitochondria (plural) vs mitochondrion (singular) –

common mistake!
 Function: Aerobic ______________ occurs,
whereby food molecules are oxidised to release
energy.
 Has a double membrane system.
Mitochondrion under electron microscope
Organelles: Vacuoles
The vacuole is a sac-like structure that stores food substances and water.
What is the difference between the vacuole of a plant and an

animal cell?
Animal cell Plant cell
Numerous vacuoles present Only one large central vacuole present
Temporarily stores food and water Permanently present, stores cell sap
Organelles: Lysosome
The lysosome is like the garbage and recycling area of a

cell.
Worn-out or damaged organelles of the cells are being

destroyed here, and parts of it are being recycled.
The enzymes in the lysosomes help to breakdown debris of

the organelles.

Organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum
There are two types of endoplasmic

reticulum:
A) Smooth
B) Rough
They play an important role in the
production of substances within the cell.
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Characterised by smooth, tubular
membranes.
Functions:
1. A process known as
____________________________,
where harmful substances are
converted to harmless ones.
2. Synthesises _______________
and ________________________
(eg. sex hormones).
Smooth ER under the electron microscope
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

The outer membrane of the RER is
connected to the nuclear envelope. ribosomes
Ribosomes attached to the RER causes
it to have a “rough” appearance under
the microscope
Function: An electromicrograph of
the RER
Assembly and transportation of proteins
synthesised by ribosomes for secretion
out of the cell.

Organelles: Ribosomes
Described as the cell’s protein factory.

Free ribosome
Function:
___________________________________________
Ribosomes are either found :

 Lying freely in the cytoplasm.
 Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
What’s the difference between the proteins

produced by free ribosome and ribosomes
attached to RER?
Ribosome attached to RER
Organelles: Golgi apparatus
Functions:
1. Chemical _______________ of proteins made by
the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
vesicle
2. Stores and ________________ the modified
proteins in vesicles for secretion out of the cell.

Secretory pathway of proteins 9B.1.12
1. Ribosomes that are attached to the rough

endoplasmic reticulum (RER) produces
proteins within the RER.
2. The manufactured proteins are then

enclosed in the RER membrane, pinching off
to form a vesicle.
3. The membrane of the vesicle then fuses with

the membrane of the Golgi apparatus.
4. The released proteins are modified and packaged within the

Golgi apparatus.
5. The modified proteins pinches off from the

Golgi apparatus to form a secretory vesicle. Vesicle
Modification
and
6. The secretory vesicle fuses with the cell packaging
membrane, releasing the proteins to the occurs here
cell’s exterior.

9B.1.13
Cell Factory
Cell wall Fence
Cell membrane Factory walls with doors – allows certain things to enter or
leave factory
Nucleus Executive department (manages, controls); room where the
blueprints are kept
Cytoplasm Factory floor where most products are assembled, finished
and shipped.
Vacuole Storage area
Mitochondrion Power house
Ribosome Product maker
Endoplasmic reticulum Conveyor belt- moves product for the factory
Golgi apparatus Packaging, shipping, distributing
Lysosome Collection centre- breakdown and recycling of used parts

What
organelles
can be seen
with a light
microscope?
What
organelles
can only be
seen with an
electron
microscope?
Which of the cell organelles, when appropriately stained, will be clearly visible 9B.1.14
under the high power (x400) of the light microscope?
Lysosome Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria

A   
B   
C   
D   
( )

Let’s Try! Organelles
The diagram shows the structure of a typical animal cell as seen using an electron 9B.1.15
microscope. Which cell components are needed to synthesize and build proteins
within the cell?
A. 2 only 1
B. 1 and 2 only
2
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3 ( )
9B.1.16
Research has shown that a certain type of cells found in the body of organism X
actively synthesizes antibodies. Antibodies are a type of protein which plays a role in the
organism’s immune system. Which organelle is likely to be found in large amounts in the
cell of organism X?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosomes
C. Mitochondria
D. Chloroplasts ( )
Radioactively labelled amino acids are introduced into a cell, and these amino acids will be
incorporated into proteins. Which of the following cell structure will the radioactivity first
appear on? 9B.1.17
A. Cell membrane
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Nucleus ( )

X is a biological enzyme which is used by a cell in the repair of its cell membrane. 9B.1.18
Which structure in the diagram is responsible for its production?
A
B
D C
( )
The diagram below shows the concentration of mineral ions found in pond water 9B.1.19
and those found in the cell sap of Nitella sp., an alga found in the pond.
Which of the options below stops these ions from moving back from the cell sap of Nitella
sp. into the pond water?
A. Cell membrane B. Cell wall

C. Ion concentration gradient D. Water potential gradient ( )
The diagram shows an animal cell living in an environment where the concentrations of
essential mineral salts needed for growth and maintenance are usually lower than those
found in the cytoplasm. Which structure(s) of the cell help(s) to maintain the higher
concentrations of these mineral salts in the cytoplasm? 9B.1.20
A. I only
I
B. III only
C. I and III
D. II and IV ( )
II
III
IV

The following diagram shows an animal cell with organelles G and H labelled. 9B.1.21
Which of the following correctly compare(s) organelles G and H?
I All animal cells contain larger numbers of H than G.

II H is bound by two membranes but G is bound by only one membrane.
III H synthesizes energy through aerobic respiration but G synthesizes proteins.
IV H traps and converts light energy into chemical energy while G carries out protein
synthesis.
A. I only B. III only

C. I and III D. II and IV ( )
Refer to the electron photomicrograph of a section of a pancreatic cell below. 9B.1.22
Which of the following correctly describes the

functional relationship between J and K?
A. K releases energy for J to carry out insulin
synthesis.
B. K releases energy for J to carry out active
transport.
C. J modifies insulin for transport by K.
D. J synthesizes glucagon for respiration in K.
( )
Which cells would have the most Golgi apparatus? 9B.1.23
A. Epidermal cell of skin B. Circular smooth muscle cells

C. Lymphocyte D. Red blood cells ( )
~END~

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Secondary 3 Superstar (Biology)

Cell Structure and Organisation I: Worksheet

Name: ___________________________________ Date: ______________________

Cell Structure and Organisation I

© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 1 of 17

 Cells are described to be “building blocks of life”.

 Multicellular organisms have more than one cells.

There are two main types of cells, prokaryotic and

Prokaryotes are cells that do not have a membrane-

Are you able to identify some components of the cells?

Animal cell Plant cell

© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 2 of 17

Let’s Revise! Cells

© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 3 of 17

How do you view cells? 9B.1.6

Which equipment should you use to view a cell?

When viewing cells under a light microscope:

 Can form ______________ images.

When viewing cells under an electron microscope:

 Beams of electrons are used.

Algae and bacteria in an

© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 4 of 17

What are the parts of a microscope?

Knob to adjust focus for

Calculating magnification of an object:

Let’s Try! Light microscope

© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 5 of 17

The nucleus in a photograph of a cell measures 3 mm across. If the magnification 9B.1.8

A. a dried up leaf sample was not used.

The ruler was subsequently removed from the

© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 6 of 17

Organelles in plant and animal cells

Which is not an organelle? 9B.1.11

An organelle (think of it as a cell’s

The living material of a cell is known as the ______________.

© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 7 of 17

What is within a nucleus?

Chromatin threads are thread-like chains of ___________________________ acid (DNA).

© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 8 of 17

 Mitochondria (plural) vs mitochondrion (singular) –

Mitochondrion under electron microscope

What is the difference between the vacuole of a plant and an

Animal cell Plant cell

Numerous vacuoles present Only one large central vacuole present

The lysosome is like the garbage and recycling area of a

Worn-out or damaged organelles of the cells are being

The enzymes in the lysosomes help to breakdown debris of

© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 9 of 17

Organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum

There are two types of endoplasmic

A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth ER under the electron microscope

B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 10 of 17

Described as the cell’s protein factory.

Ribosomes are either found :

What’s the difference between the proteins

Organelles: Golgi apparatus

© Superstar Teacher Pte Ltd Page 11 of 17

Name: _____________ Date: