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    Revision Notes Chapter 5

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    DINGDINGWALA

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    Revision Notes Chapter 5

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    18 views3 pages

    Revision Notes Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    DINGDINGWALA

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Revision Notes

    Class – 7 Science
    Chapter 5 – Acids, Bases and Salts

    ● In nature, three types of Substances are found:

    A. Acids

    B. Bases

    C. Salts

    ● Acids: Acids are pungent in taste or acidic in nature. They get corroded easily.
    The concentrated form of acid can cut through clothes and destroy the wool
    away. On exposure to skin, it can cause severe burns. They act as a good
    conductors of electricity thus allowing the electric current to pass through
    them. There are several types of Acids given below:

    (i) Mineral Acids are acids that are prepared from minerals present in the
    earth’s crust.

    (ii) Organic Acids are those acids that are produced by plants and animals
    (except hydrochloric acid).

    (iii) Weak Acids are those that do not dissociate completely in solution. For
    example, tartaric acid, lactic acid etc.
    (iv) Strong Acids have the ability to dissociate completely in solution. For
    example, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid etc.

    ● Neutralization: A reaction between an acid and a base that results in the


    formation of salt and water. Acid + Base gives Salt + Water.Neutralization
    reactions occur in our day to day life. Some of its examples are:

    Class VII Science www.vedantu.com 1


    (i) Indigestion: In this too much acid is formed in the stomach that causes
    indigestion. It is neutralized by taking an antacid like milk of magnesia that
    causes relief to the situation.

    (ii) Ant sting: When an ant bites, it injects formic acid inside the skin. This
    ant sting is then neutralized by rubbing moist baking soda (chemical name-
    sodium hydrogen carbonate) or by rubbing calamine (which containing zinc
    carbonate) over the affected area.

    (iii) Soil treatment: When the soil becomes too acidic, it is neutralized by
    adding quicklime (calcium oxide) or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) to it.

    ● Bases: Substances that are bitter in taste and soapy in appearence. Bases are
    classified into two:

    (i) Weak Bases: Those bases which produce fewer hydroxide ions in solution.
    For example, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide etc.
    (ii) Strong Bases: Those bases which produce many hydroxide ions when
    dissolved in water. For example, Sodium hydroxide(NaOH), Potassium
    hydroxide (KOH) etc.

    Substances that are neither acidic nor basic are said to be neutral substances.
    When an acid and a base react with each other they neutralise and forms a salt.
    Salt could be acidic, basic or neutral in nature.

    ● Indicators are special chemicals that changes its color to indicate the presence
    of a chemical substance. Solutions of substances shows different colours in
    acidic, basic, and neutral solutions. Hence, It is widely used to confirm the
    presence of an acid, a base, or a neutral solution.

    ● Classification of Indicators is given below:

    A. Natural Indicators:

    a. Litmus: It is obtained from lichens. It is generally available in the


    form of thin strips of paper or in the form of a solution.· When

    Class VII Science www.vedantu.com 2


    acid is added to blue litmus, its colour changes to red. When
    bases is added to red litmus paper, it changes its color to blue.

    b. Turmeric: It a natural indicator which remains yellow in neutral


    and acidic solutions but on coming in contact with alkaline
    solutions it turns red.
    c. China rose: Another naturally occuring indicator which turns
    acidic solutions to dark pink (magenta) and basic solution to
    green.

    d. Red cabbage: Turns acidic solutions to red and the basic


    solutions to blue.
    B. Some Other Indicators:
    a. Methyl Orange: In acidic solutions it gives pinkish-red colour
    whereas yellow colour with the bases.

    b. Phenolphthalein: It acts as an acid-base indicator. It remains


    colourless in acidic solutions but turns pink in alkali solutions.

    Class VII Science www.vedantu.com 3

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