Science

S. D.
JAIN MODERN SCHOOL

U.M. ROAD, VESU CHAR RASTA , SURAT Tel : 0261 3530327, 3530301
Class Notes (2024 – 2025)

Standard – VII
Subject: SCIENCE Ch 4: Acids, Bases and Salts
Intext questions: Pg No. 43

1.Orange - citric acid
Apple: maleic acid
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. The word acid comes from the Latin word acidus , which
means sour.
4. Most commonly used indicator is Litmus paper.
An acid turns blue litmus paper red and a base turns red
litmus paper to blue.
5. Svante Arrhenius defined acids.
6. Sometimes acidity is caused due to excessive secretion of
hydrochloric acid(HCl) in the stomach. Excess acid may get
secreted due to tension, overeating or eating spicy food.
7. Three characteristics of acids are:
(i) Acids are sour in taste.
(ii) They are soluble in water.
(iii) They are good conductors of electricity.
Intext questions: Pg No. 48
Q1.Give two examples each of a strong and weak bases
Ans. (i) Strong base: Potassium hydroxide, Sodium hydroxide
(ii) Weak base: Zinc hydroxide, Copper hydroxide
Q.2 What is always found in a neutralization reaction?
Ans. Salt and water
Q3 Give two examples each of neutral solids, neutral
liquids and neutral gases.
Ans. Neutral solids: Sodium Chloride(common salt), sugar
Neutral liquids: Water, mustard oil
Neutral gases: Oxygen, Nitrogen
Q.4 State whether the aqueous solution of sodium is
acidic, basic or neutral?
Ans. The aqueous solution of sodium is basic as it reacts with
water and forms sodium hydroxide which is a strong base.
Q.5 What are alkalis?
Ans. Water soluble bases are called alkalis. For ex: Sodium
hydroxide, Calcium hydroxide.
MCQ:
1. (b)
2. (b)
3. ( c)
4. (a)
5. (b)
Very Short Questions:
1. Organic
2. Blue, red
3. False
4. Bases
5. False
6. Hydrochloric
7. True
8. Hygroscopic
Assertion Reason:
1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (a)
4. ( c)
5. (d)
Case based Questions:
1. (iv)
2. (ii)
3. (ii)
4. (iii)
Image Based Questions:
1. (iii)
2. (iv)
3. (i)
4. (iv)
Short Answers
Q1 Depending on the source how are acids classified?

Discuss.
Ans: Depending on the source, acids are classified as mineral
acids & organic acids.
Mineral acids: Acids which are prepared artificially from
minerals found in the earth are called mineral acids.
Example:Sulphuric acid, Nitric acid, Hydrochloric acid, etc.
Organic acids: Acids which occur naturally and are found in
plants and animals are called organic acids. Example: Citric
acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, etc.
Q2 How can we distinguish between strong and weak
acids?
Ans:
Strong acids Weak acids
1. Acids which dissociate 1. Acids which do not

completely in water to give a dissociate completely in
water and give a small
large number of hydrogen ion
number of hydrogen ions
are called strong acids. are called weak acids.
2.For example, sulphuric 2. For example acetic acid,
acid, hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid, Formic acid
nitric acid, etc. etc.
Q3 What are antacids ? How are they useful to us?

Ans: Antacids are bases that neutralize the effect of acid.
They can be used to cure acidity caused due to indigestion
and over production of acids in the stomach. It neutralizes the
acid in the stomach and thus gives us relief from acidity.
Q4 What are alkalis and alkaline bases ?

Ans. (i) Water soluble bases are called alkalis. For example:
sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.
(ii) Bases that are insoluble in water are called alkaline
bases. For example: zinc hydroxide, copper hydroxide, etc.
Q5 Mention any three physical characteristics bases.

Ans: The physical characteristics of bases are:
1. All bases are bitter to taste.
2. Basic solutions are slippery to touch.
3. Bases turn red litmus to blue.
Q6 You are given some samples from the kitchen. How

will you identify them as acid or base?
Ans. (i) Red cabbage juice or china rose petals turn red/pink
in acidic solution while they turn blue/green with basic
solution.
(ii) Turmeric can also be used as an indicator. It turns the base
brown red colour but does not show any change of colour in
acids.
Q7 Neutral substances do not bring about any colour

change in indicators. Why?
Ans. The acidity of any solution is caused by the presence of
hydrogen ions, while the basicity of a solution depends on the
presence of hydroxide ions. A neutral substance neither has
acidic nor basic characteristics.So it doesn’t show any
change in the colour of indicators.
Q.8 What are salts? Mention any two properties of salts.

Ans Salts are the compounds formed by the neutralization of
acids with bases. For example: common salt.
Properties of salts are:
1. Salts are mostly soluble in water.
2. They help in the conduction of electricity.
3. Some salts have a tendency to absorb moisture from

nature.
4. Most salts have high melting and boiling temperatures.

Long answer type questions
Q1 List some common properties of acids.
Ans: 1. Acids are sour to taste.
2. They are soluble in water.
3. They turn blue litmus, red.
4. They are good conductors of electricity in solutions.
5. Strong acids are corrosive in nature.

6. Acids are generally colourless.
Q2 Mention any five uses of acids.
Ans: Uses of acids are as follows:
1. Sulphuric acid is used in manufacturing of fertilisers.
2. Acids are used in batteries of car, trucks and inverters.
3. Acids are used in making drugs, paints, dyes, detergent

and plastics.
4. Acids are used to remove salt deposits or scales from
steam boilers.
5. Vinegar is prepared from acetic acid, which is used in
pickles and preservations of other food items
Q3 Mention any five uses of Bases.
Ans. The uses of bases are as follows:

1. They are used in white washing solutions.
2. They are used to reduce acidity of the soil.

3. Calcium hydroxide is used to prepare bleaching powder
which is used for brightening of white clothes.
4. They are used in paper, making fertilisers, synthetic fibres.
5. They are used as cleaning agents and ink remover.
6. Some bases are used as antacid to relieve acidity.
Q4 What is the litmus paper /solution? Discuss its use as

an indicator.
Ans. (i) Litmus is the most commonly used acid base
indicator. It is a purple colour dye obtained from Lichens.
(ii) Litmus solution is also available as a red litmus and blue
litmus solution. Blue and red litmus papers are easily available
and generally used in laboratories as indicators.
(iii) An acid turns blue litmus red while red litmus remains
unchanged On the other hand, a base turns red litmus blue,
but blue litmus remains unchanged.
Q5 Describe a fire extinguisher with a labelled diagram.

Ans: (i) A fire extinguisher is a metal cylinder with a nozzle.
Inside the cylinder are chambers. There is sulphuric acid in
the inner chamber and sodium bicarbonate in the outer
chamber.
(ii) When the cylinder is inverted and the nozzle is pressed,
sulphuric acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to produce
carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide gas coming out from the
nozzle is directed at the fire to extinguish it.
(iii) Carbon dioxide being heavier than air settles on the fire,
cuts off the supply of air and extinguishes the fire.
NaHCO3 + H2SO4——>Na2SO4 + CO2 +H2O
HOTS
Ans1 Magnesium metal burns with white flame under the

action of oxygen gas to give magnesium oxide as a product
which is basic in nature. When this oxide of magnesium is
dissolved in water it forms an alkaline solution of magnesium
hydroxide. And this basic solution turns the colour of red
litmus to blue.
2Mg + O2—-> 2MgO
MgO + H2O—-> Mg(OH)2
Ans2 When sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid are put in a

solution they react to form salt and thus make the solution
neutral. Hence, we see no colour change of a litmus paper as
it does not change colour in a neutral solution.

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S. D.

JAIN MODERN SCHOOL

Class Notes (2024 – 2025)

Intext questions: Pg No. 43

Very Short Questions:

Case based Questions:

Image Based Questions:

Q1 Depending on the source how are acids classified?

Strong acids Weak acids

1. Acids which dissociate 1. Acids which do not

Q3 What are antacids ? How are they useful to us?

Q4 What are alkalis and alkaline bases ?

Q5 Mention any three physical characteristics bases.

3. Bases turn red litmus to blue.

Q6 You are given some samples from the kitchen. How

Q7 Neutral substances do not bring about any colour

Q.8 What are salts? Mention any two properties of salts.

Properties of salts are:

1. Salts are mostly soluble in water.

2. They help in the conduction of electricity.

3. Some salts have a tendency to absorb moisture from

4. Most salts have high melting and boiling temperatures.

Ans: 1. Acids are sour to taste.

2. They are soluble in water.

3. They turn blue litmus, red.

4. They are good conductors of electricity in solutions.

5. Strong acids are corrosive in nature.

Q2 Mention any five uses of acids.

Ans: Uses of acids are as follows:

1. Sulphuric acid is used in manufacturing of fertilisers.

2. Acids are used in batteries of car, trucks and inverters.

3. Acids are used in making drugs, paints, dyes, detergent

Q3 Mention any five uses of Bases.

Ans. The uses of bases are as follows:

2. They are used to reduce acidity of the soil.

Q4 What is the litmus paper /solution? Discuss its use as

Q5 Describe a fire extinguisher with a labelled diagram.

Ans1 Magnesium metal burns with white flame under the

Ans2 When sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid are put in a

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