“Here every student speaks in English’ Name: Deepika Rathi Class: 12th Sei Subject: Biology Topic: Project on infertility and its causes, treatmentCERTIFICATE This is to certify that Deepika Rathi of class 12th Science has successfully completed her Biology project on "Infertility and its causes, treatment " under guidance of Mr Himanshu SirAKNOWLEDGEMENT | would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Mr Himanshu who gave me golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic "Infertility and its causes, treatment" which helped me in doing lot of research and | came to know about so many new things | am really thankful to him Secondly | would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me Lot in finalizing this project within limited time frameINDEX x Introduction INFERTILITY TYPES ITS CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND PREVENTION , TREATMENT * ART and its types GAMETE: GIFT, IUI, ICSI ZYGOTE: IVF, ZIFT, I|UT %* SURROGACYIntroduction A large number of couple all over the world are infertile ( they are unable to produce children inspite of unprotected sexual co-habitations) ey Ye FD tami se Talis aa! ee Ae crea Bl SeTypes of infertility Primary infertility. :) it refers to the Couple who have not become pregnant after at least 1year having sex without using birth control methods Secondary infertility. :) it refers to couple's who have been able to get pregnant at least once but now are unable to do soCAUSES OF INFERTILITY physical | congenital | Diseases drugs Immunological and psychologicalSymptoms of infertility Females Irregular menstruation Hormone fluctuation Pain Weight gain AcneSymptoms of infertility Males Erectile dysfunction Inability to smell Testicle Pain Diminished Facial and body hairsPREVENTION OF INFERTILITY Maintain healthy weight Quit smoking Avoid alcohol Reduce stressAs the technology be so fast in today's world so WHO had created treatment of infertility they organised a ART programmeWay It is kind of special techniques which is used by the infertile couple which help them to assisted to have children's Assisted Reproductive TechnologyTYPES OF ART Gamete Zygote GIFT IVF IUI ZIFT ICSI IUT(Gamete intrafallpian transfer) the ovum collected from donor or the woman herself is mixed with sperms and is transferred to the fallopian tube of the recipient or ownself. It is used in the cases where female is unable to produce ovum but provide proper environment for fertilization or in case of sperm dysfunctionGIFT (itis an assisted reproductive technology) Fimbria of distal ‘end of fallopian tubeIUI (intra uterine insemination) it is a process of injecting sperm directly into woman's uterus using catheter to assist conception in an infertile coupleICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) It involves injecting live sperm into person's eggs in laboratory this procedure can create embryo ( fertilized egg) it is used in primarily for treatment of seruere case of male factor infertility that means sperm count is low or sperm has poor motilityIVF (in vitro fertilization) it is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) where an egg and sperm are fertilized outside a woman's body in the laboratory it is a process that is used to overcome infertility and support surrogacyIVF the world wide used assisted reproductive technology also in IndiaAdvantages of IVF Higher Success Rates: Boosts chances of successful pregnancy for infertility cases. ‘Treats Various Causes: Addresses diverse infertility reasons, from fallopian tube issues to endometriosis. Less Chance of Miscarriage: PGT minimizes miscarriage risks. Healthy Baby Chances: PGT screens embryos, decreasing hereditary disease risks. Fertility Preservation: Aids those with conditions like cancer to freeze eggs or sperm. s Increased Control: e Offers better control over conception timing.Disadvantages of IVF Orn® ARM Me pray germ iorece @ emotional stress: io ‘The process's uncertainty can cause i ‘emotional strain Physical Demands: Involves invasive procedures and can be uncomfortable. Health Risks: Potential for OHSS and complications from ‘multiple pregnancies. No Guaranteed Success: ‘Multiple cycles might be essential. Ethical Concerns: Issues related to unused embryos and. selective reduction. No Guarantee: ‘Success influenced by age and specific infertility issues.ZIFT (Zygote intra fallopian transfer) in this cells are removed from woman's ovaries and fertilized in the laboratory the transfer of zygote and early embryo up to eight blastomere (cells that are produced during cleavage of zygote) stage is then carried out into fallopian tubeWHICH IS BETTER ZIFT OR GIFT ? ZIFT can be more successful than GIFT because with ZIFT fertilization has already taken place at the time of implantation even ZIFT has good advantage over IVF because fewer eggs are used lessening the risk of multiple birthIUT (intra uterine transfer) if embryo contain more than 8 blastomere and it is transferred into uterus than it is called intra uterine transfer (IUT) it is used in cases of severe fetal anemia such as when fetal red blood cells are being destroyed by the maternal antibodiesSurrogacy it also help in the treatment of infertility it is mainly considered for the women with no eggs or unhealthy eggs in this process another woman carries pregnancy using the man's sperm and her own egg for an infertile woman the child will be genetically related to woman ( surrogate mother of that child) and the male partner after the birth baby will be delivered to the intended couple for adoption and surrogate will have no right on the offspringconclusion these were the various kind of techniques require extremely high precision handling by specialised professionals and expensive instrumentation these facilities are presently available only in very few centre in the country their benefits is affordable to only limited number of people emotional, religious and social factors are also deterrent in the adoption of these method since the ultimate aim of the these procedures is to have children in India we have so many orphaned and destitute children who would probably not survive till maturity, unless taken care of our laws permit legal adoption one of the best methods for couple looking for parenthoodsubmitted by: submitted to: Deepika Rathi Mr Himanshu sir_ teacher signature :