{ As , MA a ibmitted To: bmitted By: eelima P. Panda Priyanshu P. BeheraBIO-DATA NAME: Priyanshu Priyadarsan Behera CLASS : XII(A) CBSE ROLL NO. : AGE: 17 SEX : MALE DATE OF BIRTH : 30/04/2007 NAME OF SCHOOL : Buxi Jagabandhu| English Medium School | § SUBJECT : BIOLOGY SUBJECT TEACHER: Ms N.P. Panda NAME OF THE PROJECT : Assisted Reproductive Technique NAME OF EXAMINATION : AISSCE ACADEMIC YEAR : 2024-25| am grateful to our biology teacher Ms. N.P. Panda for her guidance and support in preparation of this project. This is also my opportunity in order to acknowledge that through her theoretical lectures, practical teaching and continuous inspiration. | like other students,has been able to develop a solid foundation in the subject which will definitely help me pursuit to study higher courses in science. | shall always remain greatful to her. | would like to express my grateful to our school principal Ms.Sandhya Jena who has always remain a great source of inspiration during my studentship in school. She has been kind and helpful in all matter concerning our } student life. | | am also thankful to Mr. Pratap Kumar Dey, laboratory assistant in biology for his continuous help in the laboratory in the practical classes. | am also grateful to my parents for continuous support, inspiration and guidance as always has been during my studies, preparation of project work and future planning.| do hereby submit that,| Priyanshu P. Behera of class XII, bearing Roll No: have performed my project under the guidance and supervision of Ms. N.P. Panda, P.G.T, Biology department of B.J.E.M School for the academic year 2024 - 25ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY(ART) :- Assisted Reproductive Technology is a number of different process for the treatment of infertility. It helps to own pregnancy in different method like in-vitro fertilization, surrogacy and fertility medication. ART falls into the category of filled endocrinology and cryopreservation, reproductive technology and infertility treatment and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI). ART also helps in solving abnormalities due to genetic = issues in the fertile couples. Couples also choose ART if they are incongruous to particular communicable diseases. ART techniques helps to reduce the ipfection risks and the time of pregnancy, parturition an actation. Li, \ Pwo_~ Various type of ART to solve infertility complication are:- e In-vitro Fertilisation ¢ Zygote intra fallopian transfer(ZIFT) Intra uterine transfer(IUT) e In-vivo Fertilisation * Gamate intra fallopian transfer(GIFT) e Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) ¢ Artificial Insemination(Al) ¢ Intra uterine insemination(IUI) Gi \ ! :Z O FERTILISATION :- In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm in vitro. The — process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from their ovaries and letting a man's sperm fertilise them in a culture medium ina laboratory. After the fertilised egg (zygote) undergoes embryo culture for 2-6 days, it is transferred by catheter into the uterus, with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy.IVF is a type of assisted reproductive technology used for infertility treatment, gestational surrogacy, and, in combination with pre-implantation genetic testing, avoiding transmission of genetic conditions.fertilised egg from a donor may implant into a surrogate's ™ uterus, and the resulting child is genetically unrelated to the surrogate. Some countries have banned or otherwise regulate the availability of IVF treatment, giving rise to fertility tourism. Restrictions on the availability of IVF include costs and age, in order for a person to carry a healthy pregnancy to term. In July 1978, Louise Brown was the first child successfully born after her mother received IVF treatment. Brown was born as a result of natural-cycle IVF, where no stimulation was made. The procedure took place at Dr Kershaw's Cottage Hospital (now Dr Kershaw's Hospice) in Royton, Oldham, England. Robert Edwards was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2010. The physiologist co-developed the treatment together with Patrick Steptoe and embryologist Jean Purdy but the latter two were not eligible for consideration as they had died and the Nobel Prize is not awarded posthumously. Assisted by egg donation and IVF, there are many women i who may be past their reproductive years, have infertile / ~~, Partners, have idiopathic female-fertility issues, or have ( reached menopause, that can still become pregnant. . XX \ bn \ Tia \ nia)T —_=_>=_>= térthe IVF treatment, some couples get seam without any fertility treatments. In 2023, it was estimated that twelve million children had been born worldwide using IVF and other — assisted reproduction techniques. A 2019 study that explores 10 adjuncts with IVF (screening hysteroscopy, DHEA, testosterone, GH, aspirin, heparin, antioxidants, seminal plasma and PRP) suggests that until more evidence is done to show that these adjuncts are safe and effective, they should be avoided. ZYGOTE INTRA FALLOPIAN TRANSFER :- Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT) is an infertility treatment used when a blockage in the fallopian tubes prevents the normal binding of sperm to the egg. Egg cells are removed from a woman's ovaries, and in vitro fertilised. The resulting zygote is placed into the fallopian tube by the use of laparoscopy. The procedure is a spin-off of the gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) procedure. The pregnancy an implantation rates in ZIFT cycles are 52.3 and 23.2% ‘| “S which were higher than what was observed in IVF go which were 17.5 and 9.7%. 7 \ r XS~, thin needle, a single spermatozoon is injected IUT stands for intrauterine transfer. It is an assisted reproductive technique (ART) which aims at the transfer of the embryo directly into the uterus where it can implant. It is an in vitro technique. Here fertilisation is done in vitro, and the embryo is transferred into the female body for further development. It should not be confused with Intrauterine Insemination (IUI). |UI involves the artificial deposition of semen into the uterus of the female. In this case, the fertilisation along with the subsequent stages of development take place in the body of the female. A functional egg when collected from the donor, is transferred into the fallopian tube by a process termed as gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Egg is not transferred into the uterus. Transfer of the sperm directly into the uterus is brought about by a process called intracytoplasmic = sperm injection (ICSI). In this process, using a very directly 7 into the cytoplasm of the oocyte. S53 Via, \ |IN-VIVO FERTILISATION :- Reproduction is defined as the biological process of producing an offspring, where parent organisms replicate themselves and give rise to new offspring(s). There are two main forms of reproduction: asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is the phenomenon in which an organism produces an identical copy of themselves using their own genetic material without the need for a partner. Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually include bacteria, yeast, and jellyfish. On the other hand, organisms who reproduce sexually resort to combining genetic material in order to produce an offspring. Sexual reproduction involves a process referred to as fertilization, where male and ~ female cells called gametes fuse to produce a new lifeform called a zygote. / X Vi \ F WYnd The male gamete is known as the sperm, anditisa = = small cell that contains 3 distinct regions such as the head, midpiece, and tail. The tail of the sperm allows it to swim in the female reproductive tract in order to reach the female gamete. The female gamete is the egg or the ovum, which is released from the ovary during the menstrual cycle. The egg remains in an organ of the female reproductive system called the fallopian tube(s) until fertilized. Upon fertilization, the male gamete and female gamete fuse to kickstart the beginning of life. Upon fusion, the genetic content is combined in order to produce a unique offspring. This process is referred to as in vivo fertilization; the term in vivo is of Latin origin and translates to inside the body~“ only one sperm cell per oocyte, while IVF needs 50,0005 J siones. Th a, \ | Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is a tool of assisted reproductive technology against infertility. Eggs are removed from a woman's ovaries, and placed in one of the fallopian tubes, along with the man's sperm. The technique, first attempted by Steptoe and Edwards and later pioneered by endocrinologist Ricardo Asch, allows fertilization to take place inside the woman's uterus. With the advances in IVF the GIFT procedure is used less as pregnancy rates in IVF tend to be equal or better and do not require laparoscopy when the egg is put back. INTRA CYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION(ICSI) :- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg. This technique is used in order to prepare the gametes for the obtention of embryos that may be transferred toa maternal uterus. With this method, the acrosome reaction is skipped. There are several differences between classic IVF and ICSI. However, the steps to be followed before and after insemination are the same. In terms of insemination, ICSI needs (| \ |gL A This is because the acrosome reaction = has to take place and thousands of sperm cells have to be involved in IVF. Once fertilized, the egg is transformed into a pre-embryo and it has to be transferred to the uterus to continue its development. The first human pregnancy generated by ICSI was carried out in 1991 by Gianpiero Palermo and his team. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION :- Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexualintercourse. Itis a fertility treatment for humans, and is a common practice in animal breeding, including dairy cattle and pigs Artificial insemination may employ assisted reproductive technology, sperm donation and animal husbandry techniques. Artificial insemination techniques available include intracervical insemination (ICI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). Where gametes from a third party are used, the procedure may be known as ‘assisted inseminatio.2 Sperm and eggs placed —~ i in fallopian tube INTRA UTERINE INSEMINATION :- Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a procedure that treats infertility. |UI boosts the chances of pregnancy by placing specially prepared sperm directly in the uterus, the organ in which a baby develops. Another name for the procedure is artificial insemination. With IUI, the sperm are inserted around the time an ovary releases one or more eggs. The hoped-for outcome is for the sperm and egg to unite in the fallopian tube, which connects the uterus to the ovaries. If this happens, it leads to pregnancy. Intrauterine insemination can be timed with a person's menstrual cycle. During the monthly cycle, one of the two ovaries releases an egg. Or fertility medicines may be used along with IUI to help the ovaries produce eggs. The exact method used depends on the reasons for infertility. Di \ | :BIBLIOGRAPHY :- ¢ Wikipedia ¢ NCERT Fingertips ¢ NCERT Biology Book 7